• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2022

The public open signals from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) including Global positioning system (GPS) are used widely by many peoples in the world except for the public regulated restriction signals which are encrypted. Nowadays there are growing concerns about GNSS signal spoofing which can deceive the GNSS receivers by abusing these open services. To counter these spoofing threats, many researches have been studied including array antenna techniques which can detect the direction of arrival by means of Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Originally the array antenna techniques were developed to countermeasure the jamming signal in electronic warfare by using the nulling or beamforming algorithm toward a certain direction. In this paper, we study the anti-spoofing techniques using array antenna to overcome the jamming and spoofing issues simultaneously. First, we will present the theoretical analysis results of spoofing signal response of Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) algorithm in array antenna. Then the eigenvector algorithm of covariance matrix is suggested and verified to work with the existing anti-jamming method. The modeling and simulation are used to verify the effectiveness of the anti-spoofing algorithm. Also, the field test results show that the array antenna system with the proposed algorithms can perform the anti-spoofing function. This anti-spoofing method using array antenna is very effective in the view point of solving both the jamming and spoofing problems using the same array antenna hardware.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a novel global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing detection technique through an array antenna-based direction of arrival (DoA) estimation of satellite and spoofer. Specifically, we consider a sophisticated GNSS spoofing attack scenario where the spoofer can accurately mimic the multiple pseudo-random number (PRN) signals since the spoofer has its own GNSS receiver and knows the location of the target receiver in advance. The target GNSS receiver precisely estimates the DoA of all PRN signals using compressed sensing-based orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) even with a small number of samples, and it performs spoofing detection from the DoA estimation results of all PRN signals. In addition, considering the initial situation of a sophisticated spoofing attack scenario, we designed the algorithm to have high spoofing detection performance regardless of the relative spoofing signal power. Therefore, we do not consider the assumption in which the power of the spoofing signal is about 3 dB greater than that of the authentic signal. Then, we introduce design parameters to get high true detection probability and low false alarm probability in tandem by considering the condition for the presence of signal sources and the proximity of the DoA between authentic signals. Through computer simulations, we compare the DoA estimation performance between the conventional signal direction estimation method and the OMP algorithm in few samples. Finally, we show in the sophisticated spoofing attack scenario that the proposed spoofing detection technique using OMP-based estimated DoA of all PRN signals outperforms the conventional spoofing detection scheme in terms of true detection and false alarm probability.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2016

A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which is typically exemplified by the Global Positioning System (GPS), employs a open signal structure so it is vulnerable to spoofing electronic attack using a similar malicious signal with that used in the GPS. It is necessary to require a spoofing test evaluation environment to check the risk of spoofing attack and evaluate the performance of a newly developed anti-spoofing technique against spoofing attacks. The present paper proposed a simulation method of spoofing environment based on simulator that can be implementable in a test room and analyzed the spoofing simulation performance using commercial GPS receivers. The implemented spoofing simulation system ran synchronized two GPS simulator modules in a single scenario to generate both of spoofing and GPS signals simultaneously. Because the signals are generated in radio frequency, a commercial GPS receiver can be tested using this system. Experimental test shows the availability of this system, and anti-spoofing performance of a commercial GPS receiver has been analyzed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권9호
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• pp.1273-1280
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• 2014

This paper considers a GPS anti-spoofing problem. Spoofing is an intentional interference that mislead the GNSS receiver. The spoofing attack is very significant since the target receiver is not aware of being attacked from spoofing. Accelerometers can be used to detect the spoofing signal by being compared with the acceleration obtained from GPS information using Kalman filter. In this paper we propose an N by N-point average and M-point window algorithm to detect GPS spoofing by using accelerometers and GPS outputs. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed using actual vehicle trajectory and spoofing trajectory generated from INS and GPS toolbox for simulation.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2017

위성항법시스템은 위성을 이용하여 측위정보를 불특정다수에게 동시 제공하는 서비스되도록 시스템이 구성되어 있어, 태양풍, 태양흑점활동, 전리층 산란 등과 같은 자연적 원인으로 인한 교란뿐만 아니라 전파방해 및 기만신호 등의 여러 가지 이유로 신호의 무결성을 확보하는데 근본적인 취약성을 지니고 있다. 무인항공기 시스템은 비행체의 측위정보 오입력의 경우 시계 비행 등의 즉각적인 대응이 불가능해 위성항법신호의 무결성 침해 위협이 추락에 준하는 사고 및 대량 피해로 연결될 가능성이 크다. 따라서 무인항공기 시스템의 비행안전성 증진을 위해서는 전파방해 및 기만신호에 대응할 수 있는 보완적 위성항법시스템을 사용이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 위성항법시스템이 지닌 위협 원인 및 대응 기술을 살펴보고, 국내외 무인항공기에 적용된 위성항법시스템 적용 동향과 위성항법시스템의 위협으로 인해 파급될 수 있는 무인항공기 시스템의 비행안전성 위협 영향성을 분석하고, 무인항공기 시스템의 비행안전성 확보를 위한 위성항법시스템 기능 무력화에 대한 기술적, 제도적 대응방안을 모색하고자 한다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2016

GPS P(Y) 코드와 같은 암호화 항법 신호원은 재생이 불가능하므로 기만에 강건하다. 하지만 암호화 신호원을 이용하기 위해서는 위성항법시스템 운용국가로부터 허가를 얻어야 하고 이용에 있어서도 상당한 제약이 따른다. 본 논문에서는 고이득 지향성 안테나를 이용하는 지상 기준국과 일반 위성항법 사용자를 모의하였다. 지상 기준국은 특정 항법위성에 대한 고이득 신호로부터 해당 위성이 방송하는 암호화 신호 코드를 복조하였다. 복조된 암호화 신호코드는 사용자 수신기 모의 데이터의 이상여부를 판단하고, 기만여부를 판단할 수 있었다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 방식을 적용하는 기만검출 기법을 제안하고 GPS 시뮬레이터를 이용한 모의 분석 결과를 다룬다.