• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1433-1436
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• 2016

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a major problem of health in Thailand, particularly in Northeastern and Northern regions, is generally incurable and rapidly lethal because of presentation in stage 3 or 4. Early diagnosis of stage 1 and 2 could allow better survival. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a distribution map of populations at risk for CCA in BuaYai district of Nakhon Ratchasima province, Northeast Thailand. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 10 sub-districts and 122 villages, during June and November 2015. The populations at risk for CCA were screened using the Korat CCA verbal screening test (KCVST) and then risk areas were displayed by using Google map (GM). Results: A total of 11,435 individuals from a 26,198 population completed the KCVST. The majority had a low score of risk for CCA (1-4 points; 93.3%). High scores with 6, 7 and 8 points accounted for 1.20%, 0.13% and 0.02%. The population at risk was found frequently in sub-district municipalities, followed by sub-district administrative organization and town municipalities, (F=396.220, P-value=0.000). Distribution mapping comprised 11 layers: 1, district; 2, local administrative organization; 3, hospital; 4, KCVST opisthorchiasis; 5, KCVST praziquantel used; 6, KCVST cholelithiasis; 7, KCVST raw fish consumption; 8, KCVST alcohol consumption; 9, KCVST pesticide used; 10, KCVST relative family with CCA; and 11, KCVST naive northeastern people. Geovisual display is now available online. Conclusions: This study indicated that the population at high risk of CCA in Bua Yai district is low, therefore setting a zero model project is possible. Key success factors for disease prevention and control need further study. GM production is suitable for further CCA surveillance and monitoring of the population with a high risk score in this area.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2010

Plant metabolomics is a research field for identifying all of the metabolites found in a certain plant cell, tissue, organ, or whole plant in a given time and conditions and for studying changes in metabolic profiling as time goes or conditions change. Metabolomics is one of the most recently developed omics for holistic approach to biology and is a kind of systems biology. Metabolomics or metabolite fingerprinting techniques usually involves collecting spectra of crude solvent extracts without purification and separation of pure compounds or not in standardized conditions. Therefore, that requires a high degree of reproducibility, which can be achieved by using a standardized method for sample preparation and data acquisition and analysis. In plant biology, metabolomics is applied for various research fields including rapid discrimination between plant species, cultivar and GM plants, metabolic evaluation of commercial food stocks and medicinal herbs, understanding various physiological, stress responses, and determination of gene functions. Recently, plant metabolomics is applied for characterization of gene function often in combination with transcriptomics by analyzing tagged mutants of the model plants of Arabidopsis and rice. The use of plant metabolomics combined by transcriptomics in functional genomics will be the challenge for the coming year. This review paper attempted to introduce current status and prospects of plant metabolomics research.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1982

The purpose of this study is to identify the phases of four different types, low-copper lathe cut (Type II, class 1) and spherical (Type II, class 2) amalgam alloys which are made by Caulk company and high copper Dispersalloy (Type II, class 3) made by Johnson & Johnson and Tytin (Type I, class 2) made by S.S. White and to determine the Vickers hardness number on the individual phase and four different types of dental amalgam. After each amalgam alloy and Hg measured exactly by the balance was triturated by the mechanical amalgamator (De Trey), the triturated mass was inserted into the cylindrical metal mold which was 4 mm in diameter and 12mm in height and was pressed by the Instron Universal Testing machine (Model 1125) at the speed of 1mm/minute with 143$kg/cm^2$ according to the A.D.A. Specification No. 1. The Specimen removed from the mold, mounted and stored in the room temperature for 7 days. The speciman was polished with the emery paper from #220 to #1200 and finally on the polishing cloth with 0.3 and 0.05 um $Al_2O_3$ powder suspended in water. And then each specimen was etched by Allan's method and washed with Sodium Bisulfinite for 30 seconds. Finally differentiation and metallography on each phase were obtained by using metallographical microscope (Versamet, Union) and microhardness was obtained by using microhardness tester (MVH-2, Torsee). The results were as follows: 1. In the low-copper amalgam, the ${\gamma}$, ${\gamma}_1$ and ${\gamma}_2$ phase were observed and in the high-copper amalgam, the ${\gamma}$, ${\gamma}_1$. ${\epsilon}$ and ${\eta}$ phases were observed but ${\gamma}_2$ phase was not observed. 2. Among the microhardness of each amalgam phase measured under pressing a vickers diamond indenter with 2.0gm load for 30 seconds, e phase has the highest V.H.N (314 ${\pm}$ 20), and in low-copper amalgam 12 phase has the lowest V.H.N. (29${\pm}$1) and ${\eta}$ phase which was observed in high-copper amalgam has 230${\pm}$13 V.H.N and this phase is considerd to contribute to strengthen the handness in amalgam. 3. The V.H.N. measured under pressing a Vickers diamond indenter with 300.0gm load for 30 seconds in low-copper amalgam was lower than that of high-copper amalgam.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.265-277
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of displacement pattern depending on type of sliding jig and application method during maxillary molar distalization with temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Materials and Methods: Maxilla with normal tooth size and arch shape was selected to create a 3-dimensional finite element model, which included the bracket, orthodontic main archwire, removable sliding jig (R-jig). The orthodontic mini-implant anchorage was set 8 mm superiorly from main archwire, buccally between the second premolar and first molar. The base experimental design was Condition 1, which was composed $0.019{\times}0.025$ inch stainless steel (SS) of wire size of R-jig, 200 gm force, un-tied state. And the other designs varied to wire size of R-jig, magnitude of force. The results are as follows. Results: As the wire size of R-jig was increased, the deformation of R-jig was decreased. However, the displacement of second molar wasn't different each other. As the force to second molar was increased, the more displacement of second molar was observed, and the more distal tipping movement, vetical displacement was observed. Conclusion: R-jig can get distal teeth movement in orthodontic treatment without side effects.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2002

The Gravity-Geologic Method (GGM) was implemented for bathymetric determinations in the Drake Passage, Antarctica, using global marine Free-air Gravity Anomalies (FAGA) data sets by Sandwell and Smith (1997) and local echo sounding measurements. Of the 6548 bathymetric sounding measurements, two thirds of these points were used as control depths, while the remaining values were used as checkpoints. A density contrast of 9.0 gm/㎤ was selected based on the checkpoints predictions with changes in the density contrast assumed between the seawater and ocean bottom topographic mass. Control depths from the echo soundings were used to determine regional gravity components that were removed from FAGA to estimate the gravity effects of the bathymetry. These gravity effects were converted to bathymetry by inversion. In particular, a selective merging technique was developed to effectively combine the echo sounding depths with the GGM bathymetiy to enhance high frequency components along the shipborne sounding tracklines. For the rugged bathymetry of the research area, the GGM bathymetry shows correlation coefficients (CC) of 0.91, 0.92, and 0.85 with local shipborne sounding by KORDI, GEODAS, and a global ETOPO5 model, respectively. The enhanced GGM by selective merging shows imploved CCs of 0.948 and 0.954 with GEODAS and Smith & Sandwell (1997)'s predictions with RMS differences of 449.8 and 441.3 meters. The global marine FAGA data sets and other bathymetric models ensure that the GGM can be used in conjunction with shipborne bathymetry from echo sounding to extend the coverage into the unmapped regions, which should generate better results than simply gridding the sparse data or relying upon lower resolution global data sets such as ETOPO5.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.687-693
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• 2007

Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) has significant insulin-like anabolic effects which include the stimulation of glucose and amino acid uptake, as well as protein and glycogen synthesis. IGFs exist in serum and other biological fluids as complexes bound to a family of structurally related insulin-like growth factor binding proteins(IGFBPs). Six human IGFBPs can modulate the effects of IGFs on target tissues by several mechanisms, including altering the serum's half-life and the transcapillary transport of IGFs, as well as changing the availability of IGFs to specific cell surface receptors. Human fibroblasts secrete IGFBPs that can modify IGF-I action. Previous to our study using either Northern blotting, and Western blotting have shown that fibroblasts express mRNA IGFBP-3, -4, and -5, and synthesize these proteins. In addition, fibroblast cell lysates revealed that the IGFBP-3 was most abundant. For these reasons, we undertook to gain further insight into the effects of high and low glucose incubation condition on metabolism and IGFBP-3 expression. In results of metabolites and IGFBP-3 expression in GM10 cells cultivated with various glucose concentration, the consumption of glucose and accumulation of triglyceride were increased in condition of high glucose, and total protein level was decreased. in the course of time. After 5 days incubation, levels of free amino acid in medium containing glucose of high concentration glucose were higher than in conditions of low glucose. Although the levels of IGFBP-3 protein and mRNA levels were increased in low glucose, and IGFBP-3 was not affected by any pretense. Taken together, we suggest that the study of growth factors, like IGFs, might be a possible model of diabetes militus in cell, although the results in cell models were not in accord with in vivo.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the anti-tumor metastasis by anti-inflammatory and innate immunomodulating effects of extracts of Jipae-san on cancer cells. Methods: Antimetastatic experiments were conducted in vivo mouse model by using 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Cell viability of Jipae-san was tested with 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells, colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cells and macrophage. In addition expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO induced by LPS was measured after treating with Jipae-san. To observe innate immunomodulating effects of Jipae-san on macrophage, we measured $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-12, IL-6 and MCP-1, respectively. Cell cytotoxicity was tested with the macrophage stimulated with Jipae-san and we evaluated the activation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO. And the effect of Jipae-san on metastasis was measured without NK-cell using GM1 serum. Results: Intravenous inoculation of Jipae-san significantly inhibited metastasis of 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, cell growth are closer to 100% less than $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO induced by LPS after treating Jipae-san was down regulated in dose-dependent manner. Level of cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-12, IL-6 and MCP-1 of Jipae-san group were up regulated in compared to the control group. The macrophage stimulated with Jipae-san significantly inhibits the cancer cell at ratio of 10:1, 20:1. The activation of NO was significantly up regualted in a group of 5:1, 10:1, 20:1. The depletion of NK-cells by anti-asialo GM1 serum partly abolished the inhibitory effect of Jipae-san on tumor metastasis. Conclusions: Jipae-san appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by inflammation control and activation of innate immune system.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2000

Although oncospheres of Taenia saginata asiatica can develop into cysticerci in immunodeficiency, immunosuppressed, and normal mice, no detailed information on the development features of these cysticerci from SCID mice is available. In the present study, the tumor-like cyst was found in the subcutaneous tissues of each of 10 SCID mice after 38-244 days inoculation with 39,000 oncospheres of T. s. asiatica. These cysts weighed 2.0-9.6 gm and were 1.5-4.3 cm in diameter. The number of cysticerci were collected from these cysts ranged from 125 to 1,794 and the cysticercus recovery rate from 0.3% to 4.6%. All cysticerci were viable with a diameter of 1-6 mm and 9 abnormal ones each with 2 evaginated protoscoleces were also found. The mean length and width of scolex, protoscolex, and bladder were $477{\;}{\times}{\;}558,{\;}756{\;}{\times}{\;}727,{\;}and{\;}1,586{\;}{\times}{\;}1,615{\;}$\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. The diameters of suckers and rostellum were $220{\mu\textrm{m}}{\;}and{\;}70\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively All cysticerci had two rows of rostellar hooks. These findings suggest that the SCID mouse model can be employed as a tool for long-term maintenance of the biological materials for advanced studies of immunodiagnosis, vaccine development, and evaluation of cestocidal drugs which would be most benefit for the good health of the livestocks.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1984

Up to now, it has been common to treat the maneuvering motion of a ship as a 3-degree-freedom motion i.e. surge, sway and yaw on the sea surface, for the simplicity and mathematical calculation, and it is quite acceptable in the practical point of view. Meanwhile, considering the maneuverability of a ship under the special conditions such as in irregular waves, in wind or at high speed with small GM value, it is required that roll effect must be considered in the equation of ship motion. In this paper the author tried to build up the 4-degree-freedom motion equation by adding roll. And then, applying the M.M.G.'s mathematical model and with captive model test results the roll-coupled hydrodynamic derivatives were found. With these the author could make some simulating program for turning and zig-zag steering. Through the computer simulations, the effect of roll to the ship maneuver became clear. The effect of the wind force to the maneuverability was also found. Followings are such items that was found. 1) When roll is coupled in the maneuvering motion, the directional stability becomes worse and the turning diameter becomes smaller as roll becomes smaller as roll becomes larger. 2) When maneuver a ship in the wind, the roll becomes severe and the directional stability becomes worse. 3) When a ship turns to the starboard side, the wind blowing from 90 degree direction to starboard causes the largest roll and the largest turning diameter, and the wind from other direction doesn't change the turning diameter. 4) When a ship is travelling with a constant speed with rudder amidship, if steady wind blows from one direction, the ship turns toward that wind. This phenomenon is observed in the actual seaways.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.62-73
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• 2006

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effect of SHD on myelosuppression using an animal model for therapeutic evidence supporting clinical positive results. Methods : After determining the optimal concentration of 5-FU as 300 mg/kg for developing the mouse model, ICR mice or BALB/c mice were administered with SHD, and several blood parameters, including hematopoietic cytokines, colony forming activity and histological findings, were examined to evaluate the effects. Results : SHD restored the WBC and hemoglobin, and showed effects on maintaining body weight, producing GM-CSF and IL-3 and stem cell colony forming activity in accordance with histological relative entirety on bone marrow. Conclusion : SHD is an herbal drug having therapeutic effects on myelosuppression. Thus, it could be prescribed to cancer patients undergoing chemo-therapies or radio-therapies in the process of cancer treatment.