• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.151-165
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• 2021

차수 및 보강을 목적으로 암반 내 수행되는 그라우팅은 여러가지 이유로 어려운 작업공정 이므로 세밀하게 수행되어야 한다. 가시적으로 확인이 불가능한 불연속면의 틈 사이로 주입되는 그라우트의 주입거동을 최적화 하면서 지반조건에 대응하는 주입방법의 도출이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 주입압과 주입재 체적의 곱인 GIN (Grouting Intensity Number)를 보완하여 JRC에 따른 주입압의 감소 현상 및 주입압력으로 인한 절리의 열림 현상을 고려한 수정 GIN 기법을 제안하였다. 해당 방법에 대한 검증을 위하여 현장시험을 수행하였으며 지반조건에 대응하는 GIN의 산정 및 주입압과 주입양의 제어를 통해서 GIN의 한계를 준용하여 주입을 수행하였다. 그 결과 합리적인 그라우팅 작업의 수행이 가능하였으며 지반의 투수계수 또한 10^-1~10^-2 cm/sec 수준의 저감을 보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2012

The present study was to investigate the effects of Lycii Cortex Radicis (LCR), the root bark of lycium (Lycium chenese Miller) and ginger (Gin) on body lipid status and serum levels of cytokines. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats weighing $193.6{\pm}16.8g$ were divided into five groups, including one low fat (LF) and four high fat groups, i.e. HF-Control, HF-LCR, HF-Gin and HF-LCR + Gin groups. Diets for HF-LCR, HF-Gin and HF-LCR + Gin groups contained purified extracts having 0.2 g LCR tyramine, ginerol and 0.1 g tyramine plus 0.02 g gingerol per kg, respectively. Compared with those of the HF-Control total serum cholesterol level decreased, and HDL-cholesterol level increased in the HF-LCR group and serum triglyceride levels decreased in the three experimental groups fed the purified extracts. Liver cholesterol level was lower in the HF-LCR group than the HF-Control group, but triglyceride levels, which were increased by high fat diets were not changed by significantly by LCR or ginger extracts. Fecal lipid excretion was higher in the HF-LCR and HF-Gin groups, but cholesterol excretion was lower in the HF-Gin group than in the HF-Control group. The activities of liver cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were lower in the HF-LCR + Gin group than in the HF-Control group. Serum adiponectin levels did not differ among the five groups, while leptin level was lower in the HF-Gin group and C-reactive protein levels were lower in the HF-Gin and the HF-LCR + Gin groups than in the HF-Control group. It is concluded that LCR can be utilized as an ingredient for lipid-lowering functional foods in the form of purified extract and addition of small amount of ginger extract would be useful for reducing one of the inflammatory cytokines to help prevent atherosclerosis.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

Osteoporosis induces a bone mineral density loss due to imbalance of bone homeostasis that is achieved by osteoclasts (which are involved in bone resorption) and osteoblasts (which are involved in bone formation). Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of hot water extract of the Achyranthes bidentata Blume (ABB) and Panax ginseng (Gin) on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. In this study, there was no cytotoxicity by ABB, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Gin significantly decreased cell viability of RANKL-induced osteoclast in RAW264.7 cell (p < 0.01). But, it was $50{\mu}g/ml$ of ABB and Gin mixtures increased due to protective action of ABB. Furthermore, Gin contained groups (Gin, ABB and Gin mixtures) were inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and increased in osteoblast differentiation activity. Gin clearly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by decreased calcitonin and TRAP (p < 0.01). Also, these extracts significantly increased calcium accumulation formation of osteoblastic differentiation reagents-induced osteoblast in MC3T3-E1 cell (p < 0.05). These results suggest that ABB and Gin mixtures may be a potential as drug for the treatment of osteoporosis.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2006

This research was investigated the effect of the Ginseng Radix plus Crataegi Fructus (Gin-CF) on Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, the effects of the Gin-CF extract on $IL-1\beta,\;TNF-\alpha$ of BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The Gin-CF extract suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1\beta$ protein, $TNF-\alpha$ protein, MDA, and CD68/CD11b, in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. These results suggest that the Gin-CF extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the Gin-CF extract for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• 식물병연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.206-210
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• 2014

인삼은 우리나라에서 가장 대중화된 한약 재료로 사용되고 있다. 최근 인삼 잎에 얼룩덜룩하거나 모자이크 증상이 나타나는 바이러스병으로 인삼을 재배하는 많은 농가들에서 수량 손실을 초래하고 있다. 수박모자이크바이러스(WMV-gin로 명명)가 인삼 바이러스병의 원인으로 동정되었다. 흥미롭게도 인공적 즙액 접종에 의해서, 인삼에서 분리한 WMV-gin은 건전 인삼 식물체와 박과작물을 포함한 알려진 WMV 기주 식물 종들을 감염시킬 수 없었다. 그러나 WMV-gin은 2종의 진딧물들(복숭아혹진딧물과 목화진딧물)의 전반에 의해서 인삼을 성공적으로 감염시킬 수 있었다. 비록 2종의 진딧물들이 인삼에서 먹이를 얻는 것을 기피하지만, 이것은 진딧물들이 먹이 탐색 과정동안 인삼에 WMV-gin을 매개하는 것으로 사료된다. 유사하게 수박에서 분리한 WMV-wm 계통은 2종의 진딧물들에 의하여 인삼으로 매개되지만 인위적 즙액 접종으로 인삼을 감염시키지 못하였다. 복숭아혹진딧물과 목화진딧물을 이용한 전반 실험들에 의해서 WMV-gin과 WMV-wm 계통들 모두 인삼에서 WMV의 증식 기주 식물들인 박과 식물들로 전반되지 못함이 밝혀졌다. 이런 결과들은 인삼에서 발생하는 WMV병이 생태학적 접근법에 의해서 방제될 수 있음을 제시해 준다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2019

Inflammation that is considered to be mainly related to pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is the biological response of a host to stimuli, such as cellular injury or infection. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of white ginseng roots by ultra high pressure extraction (Gin-UHP), fermentation followed by ultra high pressure extraction (Gin-UHPF), and polyol extraction (Gin-POL). As a result, ginseng extracts were able to decrease the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and immunoglobulin E. Also, Gin-POL had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and when we compared the SOD-like activity, Gin-UHP had the highest. Moreover, we looked into the effect of these ginseng extracts on anti-aging to show the possible usefulness as a raw material of cosmetics. As a result, ginseng extracts were able to reduce the production of melanin, and inhibit the tyrosinase and elastase activities in a dose-dependent manner. The extracts also decreased the expression of MMP-1 and had a significant hyaluronidase inhibitory activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ginseng extracts may have an improvement effect on AD by using its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2011-2015
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• 2015

Ginsenoside Rb2 (Gin-Rb2) was purified from the fruit extract of Panax ginseng. Its chemical structure was measured by spectroscopic analysis, including HR-FAB-MS, ¹H-NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Gin-Rb2 decreased potent melanogenesis in melan-a cells, with 23.4% at 80 μM without cytotoxicity. Gin-Rb2 also decreased tyrosinase and MITF protein expression in melan-a cells. Furthermore, Gin-Rb2 presented inhibition of the body pigmentation in the zebrafish in vivo system and reduced melanin contents and tyrosinase activity. These results show that Gin-Rb2 isolated from P. ginseng may be an effective skin-whitening agent via the in vitro and in vivo systems.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2007

인삼, 목과 혼합추출액이 ${\beta}A$로 유도된 AD 병태 모델에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 인삼, 목과 혼합추출액은 AD 병변 뇌조직의 허혈(虛血) 상태를 유의성 있게 개선하였고 허혈(虛血)로 인한 뇌조직 손상을 억제하였다. 2. 인삼, 목과 혼합추출액은 AD 병변 뇌조직의 면역조직화학 염색법으로 Tau 단백질, GFAP 단백질, presenilin 1/presenilin 2 단백질의 발현 억제를 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 인삼, 목과 추출액은 AD의 예방과 치료에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 정확한 기전에 대한 연구와 AD 치료에 있어서 인삼, 목과 혼합추출액의 임상적 활용에 대한 연구가 향후 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.844-854
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• 2021

Objective: The potential of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), betaine (BET), and ginger (GIN), as natural antioxidants, in reducing negative effects of heat stress on physiological responses, antioxidant capacity, semen quality and fertility of bucks under heat stress were investigated. Methods: Forty adult Animal Production Research Institute line rabbit bucks were distributed randomly into four experimental treatments of ten rabbits each. The first treatment was fed the commercial pellet diet (CPD) without supplementation and served as a control. The other three treatments were fed CPD supplemented with EVOO (300 mg), BET (1,000 mg), and GIN (200 mg) per kg diet for 3 consecutive months during the summer season. Results: Supplementation of EVOO, BET, or GIN improved (p<0.05) the sexual desire, progressive motility, vitality, intact acrosome and membrane integrity, sperm cell concentration, sperm outputs and fertility. Seminal plasma total proteins, globulin, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, and initial fructose increased (p<0.05), while total lipids, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and malondialdehyde decreased (p<0.05) compared with the control. In comparing the natural antioxidants treatments, GIN evoked the largest improvement. Conclusion: The inclusion of GIN (200 mg/kg diet) appeared to improve the sexual desire, semen quality and oxidative stress of bucks. This may be a beneficial supplement for the management of rabbit bucks used in natural mating or artificial insemination.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) test is a clinically effective measure of the integrity of the central auditory nervous system. The GIN procedure can be applied to a pediatric population above 7 years of age. The present study conducted the GIN test to compare the abilities of auditory temporal resolution among typically developing children, children with speech sound disorder (SSD), and children with cognitive difficulty (CD). Subjects and Methods: Children aged 8 to 11 years-(total n=30) participated in this study. There were 10 children in each of the following three groups: typically developing children, children with SSD, and children with CD. The Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology was conducted as a clinical assessment of the children's articulation and phonology. The Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) was administered as a screening test for general cognitive function. According to the procedure of Musiek, the pre-recorded stimuli of the GIN test were presented at 50 dB SL. The results were scored by the approximated threshold and the overall percent correct score (%). Results: All the typically developing children had normal auditory temporal resolution based on the clinical cutoff criteria of the GIN test. The children with SSD or CD had significantly reduced gap detection performance compared to age-matched typically developing children. The children's intelligence score measured by the K-WISC-III test explained 37% of the variance in the percent-correct score. Conclusions: Children with SSD or CD exhibited poorer ability to resolve rapid temporal acoustic cues over time compared to the age-matched typically developing children. The ability to detect a brief temporal gap embedded in a stimulus may be related to the general cognitive ability or phonological processing.