• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1315-1321
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• 2018

Bacteriocin is ribosomally synthesized by bacteria and inhibits closely related species. In this study we aimed at isolating lactic acid bacteria producing bacteriocin presenting anti-staphylococcal activity. A Lactococcus lactis strain was isolated from kimchi for the purpose and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As preliminary tests, optimal culture conditions, stabilities against heat, solvents, and enzymes treatments, and type of action (bacteriostatic or bactericidal) of the bacteriocin were investigated. The optimal culture conditions for production of the bacteriocin were MRS broth medium and $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ culture temperatures. The bacteriocin was acidic and the activity was abolished by a protease treatment. Its stability was maintained at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 min and under treatments of various organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and chloroform. Finally, the bacteriocin showed bactericidal action against Staphylococcus aureus where 200 AU/mL of the bacteriocin decreased the viable cell count (CFU/mL) of S. aureus by 2.5 log scale, compared with a control (no bacteriocin added) after 4-h incubation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2021

Lactase (β-galactosidase) is abundant in the small intestine during early childhood and gradually decreases with age. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in yogurt could survive in the stomach, and lactase produced by these LAB can aid in lactose breakdown in the small intestine, thereby reducing lactose intolerance. This study aims to provide preliminary data for development of lactose-free yogurts for the elderly, and investigate the effect of lactose-hydrolyzed milk on the growth of starter cultures. The pH during yogurt fermentation using lactose-free milk was slightly higher at 2 and 4 h of incubation, but reached 4.5 at the end of incubation, similar to that of the yogurt prepared from regular milk. The number of viable cells of Streptococcus thermophilus reached 108 CFU/mL after 2 h of incubation and increased to 109 CFU/mL after 4 h of incubation. During yogurt fermentation, the viable cells of Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium longum did not affect lactose hydrolysis. Although lactose-hydrolyzed milk did not promote the growth of starter cultures, manufacturing yogurt with lactose-free milk could be beneficial for the intestinal health of lactose-sensitive elderly.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.186-191
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• 2001

Vitellogenin (VTG) and VTG mRNA induction by $estradiol-17\beta\;(E_2)$ were examined in the primary cultures of hepatocyte in the rainbow trout. Hepatocytes were precultured for 2 days, then $E_2$ was added and cultured for another 5 days. Media and hepatocytes were then analyzed by electrophoresis and Northern blotting for VTG and VTG mRNA, respectively. The hepatocytes were formed a few aggregates within 5 days without further spreading to a monolayer. Cell viability and high DNA content were maintained during the incubation. The hepatocyte culture with E2 induced a weak VTG band at a molecular weight of 175kDa on Day 2 after $E_2$ addition. The relative amount of VTG was expressed in percentage of total protein concentrations. VTG was gradually increased as $1.9\%$ on Day 2, $6.3\%$ on Day 4 and $7.3\%$ on Day 5. VTG mRNA band was detected at about 6.6 kb in the culture with $E_2$ at day 1 of culture. The level of VTG mRNA expression linearly increased with time until Day 5 (r=0.97).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.14-24
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• 2001

An active MMIC L-band down converting mixer was designed by using GaAs FET with 0.5 ${\mu}$m gate length and 300 ${\mu}$m gate width. Main circuit topology was cascoded two active FETs. It consumed only 7.5 mA with 3V DC voltage supply. Conversion gain of 6.63 dB, minumium noise figure of 5.06 dB and Input $3^{rd}$ Order Intercept Point of 6.4 dBm were obtained. The chip size is 1.86 mm ${\times}$ 1.28 mm.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.679-694
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• 2011

La langue est un des ${\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}ments$ $privil{\acute{e}}gi{\acute{e}}s$ de la $r{\hat{e}}verie$ chez Bachelard. La langue est une force fondamentale de l'imagination. D'une part, elle garde son propre valeur dans le processus de l'imagination, et d'autre part elle forme sa propre image. La $priorit{\acute{e}}$ de langue chez Bachelard a, en effet, quelque liaison avec la notion de Logos qui avait ${\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ $trait{\acute{e}}$ depuis longtemps comme $v{\acute{e}}rit{\acute{e}}$ ${\acute{e}}ternelle$ dans la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale. Cependant, la notion de logos de Bachelard se $diff{\grave{e}}re$ de celle de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale. Tandis que la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ traditionnelle traite le logos comme un but ${\acute{e}}ternel$ de sa $m{\acute{e}}ditation$, Bachelard donne l'importance sur la $capacit{\acute{e}}$ linguistique et imaginaire du logos. Le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ est un des exemples qui montre bien la $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ entre la notion de logos de Bachelard et celle de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ traditionnelle. Le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ est un $n{\acute{e}}ologisme$ de Bachelard qui est fait pour $d{\acute{e}}signer$ $l^{\prime}atmosph{\grave{e}}re$ verbal de la $soci{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ contemporaine $gr{\hat{a}}ce$ ${\grave{a}}$ l'emission de radio. Bachelard comprend le $ph{\acute{e}}nom{\grave{e}}ne$ de radio en tant que $r{\acute{e}}alisation$ de $Psych{\acute{e}}$ dans la vie quotidienne. C'est $gr{\hat{a}}ce$ ${\grave{a}}$ la technologie moderne que nous pouvons avoir l'univers de langue plus facilement par rapport aux $si{\grave{e}}cles$ $pr{\acute{e}}c{\acute{e}}dents$. Selon Bachelard, la radio n'est pas un simple instrument de communication. C'est une porte pour entrer dans la $r{\hat{e}}verie$ universelle. La radio est une voix du monde qui exprime notre inconscient. Quand un $r{\hat{e}}veur$ $r{\hat{e}}ve$, son $r{\hat{e}}verie$ se $d{\acute{e}}veloppe$ en se discutant avec le monde. Alors, quand nous $r{\hat{e}}vons$, nous parlons au monde et nous ${\acute{e}}coutons$ du monde, de sorte que nous devenons les citoyens du $logosph{\grave{e}}re$. Dans son oeuvre Sur la Grammatologie, J. Derrida critique la $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidentale en la intitulant logocentrisme. Derrida pense que la philosophie occidentale a comme le but final la $pr{\acute{e}}sence$ de logos. Cette $pr{\acute{e}}sence$ de logos ne peut ${\hat{e}}tre$ $r{\acute{e}}alis{\acute{e}}e$ que par la langue de la voix, non pas par la langue de $caract{\grave{e}}re$. $D^{\prime}o{\grave{u}}$ vient le logocentrisme ou le phonocentrisme de $m{\acute{e}}taphysique$ occidental. Mais Derrida pense que le logocentrisme n'est qu'un autre aspect de l'ethnocentrisme ${\acute{e}}troit$ de l'occident. La notion de $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ de Bachelard a quelques ressemblances avec logocentrisme par ses apparences. Cependant, elles ont une $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ fondamentale depuis leur $d{\acute{e}}part$. Tandis que logocentrisme $tra{\hat{i}}te$ la parole en tant que $mani{\grave{e}}re$ d'expression de raison qui est une puissance fondamentale de l'homme, Bachelard pense que la parole est un $r{\acute{e}}sultat$ d'une opposition et fusion de notre raisons et parole. Bachelard pense que la parole est une $r{\acute{e}}alisation$ de l'image qui est l'essence de notre $psych{\acute{e}}$. Pour lui, la parole, la quintessence de $logosph{\grave{e}}re$, est le champ de l'imagination $d^{\prime}o{\grave{u}}$ jaillissent les images. C'est pour cela que $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ se situe ${\grave{a}}$ l'antipode de logocentrisme. $Logosph{\grave{e}}re$ nous fournit un espace de $r{\hat{e}}verie$ de langue. Notre $soci{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}$ contemporaine $fourr{\acute{e}}e$ des images visuelles creuses est $d{\acute{e}}pouill{\acute{e}}e$ de plus en plus des espaces de $r{\hat{e}}veries$. C'est une des raisons que le $logosph{\grave{e}}re$ de Bachelard doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ $r{\acute{e}}activ{\acute{e}}$ aujourd'hui.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

Purpose: Recently, the prevalence of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) has shown an increasing trend worldwide. As the diagnosis of EGID requires invasive endoscopy with biopsy, noninvasive markers for detecting EGID in suspected patients, particularly children, are urgently needed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) beyond peripheral eosinophil counts in pediatric patients with EGID. Methods: Overall, 156 children diagnosed with EGID were enrolled and 150 children with functional abdominal pain disorder (FAPD) were recruited as controls. All participants underwent endoscopic biopsy in each segment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and serum ECP measurement, as well as peripheral eosinophil percent and absolute eosinophil count. Results: Comparing EGID (n=156) with FAPD (n=150) patients, serum ECP levels were significantly higher in pediatric patients with EGID than in those with FAPD (25.8±28.6 ㎍/L vs. 19.5±21.0 ㎍/L, p=0.007), while there was no significant difference in peripheral eosinophil percent and absolute eosinophil counts between the two groups. Serum ECP levels were correlated with peripheral eosinophil percent (r=0.593, p<0.001) and the absolute eosinophil count (r=0.660, p<0.001). The optimal cutoff value of serum ECP for pediatric EGID was 10.5 ㎍/mL, with a sensitivity of 69.9% and a specificity of 43.4% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.562. Conclusion: The combination of serum ECP levels and peripheral eosinophil counts, when employed with appropriated thresholds, could serve as a valuable noninvasive biomarker to distinguish between EGID and FAPD in pediatric patients manifesting GI symptoms.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2007

This experiment was carried out to develop the substrate mixtures for the production of high quality plug seedlings of cucumber. Peatmoss based substrates, rice hull, carbonized rice hull, decomposed sawdust, perlite and granular rockwool were mixed by five different mixing ratioes (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5). The cultivars used were cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Janghyung heukjinju) plants. The higher the content of peatmoss added, the higher the plant growth in terms of plant height, leaf area and total dry weight, which leading to the production of high quality plug seedlings. Seedlings growth of cucumber were greater in M5 mixtures [peatmoss:rice hull:decomposed sawdust=40:40:20(v/v)], M4 mixtures [peatmoss:rice hull:decomposed sawdust:granular rockwool=30:25:20:25(v/v)] and M2 mixtures [peatmoss:rice hull:decomposed sawdust:granular rockwool=20:20:15:25:20(v/v)] The concentrations of nutrient solution (EC) had a great influence on plant height, leaf area, total fresh and dry weight of cucumber seedlings growth. As the concentration of nutrient solution increased from 0.1 to $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, the growth and seedling quality of cucumber in plant height, leaf area and dry weight were significantly improved.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.261-264
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• 2002

The physiologically relevant functional properties of various solvent extracts from Salicornia herbacea leaves were investigated by measuring lipid peroxidation, DPPH radical scavenging, nitrite scavenging, and xanthine oxidase inhibition. Ethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions obtained from the 80% aqueous ethanol extracts of Salicornia herbacea leaves showed strong antioxidative activities in linoleic acid methyl esters. Peroxide values (POV) were not significantly different among the samples treated with the different fractions; the incubation time required to reach a peroxide value of 80 meq/kg was about 40 hrs. However, control linoleic acid methyl esters had POV of more than 480 meq/kg after 40 hrs. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was much more effective than diethyl ether, n-butanol, chloroform and water fractions, with an $IC_{50}$/ of 279 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, but less effective than ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}$/ : 67 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). The nitrite scavenging activities of all fractions increased as pH decreased. Among the fractions, nitrite scavenging activities of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions at pH 1.2 were highest at 59.0 and 56.2%, respectively. The diethyl ether fraction obtained from the 80% aqueous ethanol extract of Salicornia herbacea loaves was the most effective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase of all the solvent extracts at 84% inhibition for a 1 mg/mL concentration. These results suggest that Salicornia herbacea leaf extracts may be effective antioxidants, not only in food stability, but also in human health.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.611-619
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Codonopsis lanceolata 50% ethanol extract, and its solvent fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol, water). The main components of the EA fraction were qualitatively analyzed using UPLC Q-ToF/MS. Additionally, a quantitative analysis was performed using UPLC. As a result, the total polyphenol content was 113.36 mg gallic acid/g in the EA fraction, which contained the largest amount of the C. lancolata solvent fractions. Also EA showed the highest antioxidant activity than other fractions. The IC₅₀ of DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was 0.03 mg/mL and the IC₅₀ of ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] radical scavenging activity was 0.049 mg/mL. The EA fraction showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity than other fractions and especially inhibited monophenolase oxidase reaction higher than diphenolase oxidase reaction. The monophenolase oxidase inhibited 55% when the concentration of the EA fraction was 0.25 mg/mL. As a result of Q-ToF/MS analysis, it was confirmed that tangshenoside I and lobetyolin were the main components of EA fraction. Thus, these results suggest that C. lanceolata may be used as a potent source of cosmetic agents.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to experimentally assess the effects of Chengsimyeonjatanggagam extracts in the animal model regarding ADHD related symptoms and indicators. Methods: The experimental group was classified into the normal group (WKY rat) in 7, the control group (SHR rat) in 7, the low-concentration group of herbal medicines (SHR rat) in 7, and the high-concentration group of herbal medicines (SHR rat) in 7 by random sampling. The open field test was conducted three times on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days during the oral medication. After that, Y-maze test, intestinal permeability verification (L/M ratio), and Western blotting (CDK expression in the cerebral cortex) were performed in sequence. Results: The Chengsimyeonjatang-gagam extracts reduced the activity distance in the SHR rat at 21 days in the low and high concentration groups by the open field test. It also reduced the cross-action rate in the low and high concentration groups by the Y-maze test. And the low concentration group showed 52.3% decrease in the L/M ratio compared to the SHR group. Finally, the CDK5 protein significantly increased in the low and high concentration groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Chengsimyeonjatang-gagam extracts have potential to be used for the treatment of ADHD.