• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.153-166
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• 2012

A variety of ligands differ in their capacity to bind the receptor, elicit gene expression, and modulate physiological responses. Such receptors include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize various patterns of pathogens and lead to primary innate immune activation against invaders, and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), whose interaction with their cognate ligands activates heterotrimeric G proteins and regulates specific downstream effectors, including immuno-stimulating molecules. Once TLRs are activated, they lead to the expression of hundreds of genes together and bridge the arm of innate and adaptive immune responses. We characterized the gene expression profile of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in RAW 264.7 cells when it bound with its ligand, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), the active part of lipopolysaccharide. In addition, to determine the network communications among the TLR, Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and GPCR, we tested RAW 264.7 cells with KDO, interferon-${\beta}$, or cAMP analog 8-Br. The ligands were also administered as a pair of double and triple combinations.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 1995

시기별, 크기별로 조피볼락의 성장 패턴을 조사하기 위해 현재 양어가들이 주로 사용하고 있는 생사료(냉동 전갱이)와 분말사료(넙치육성용)를 1:1의 비율로 혼합하여 제조한 moist pellet으로, 장기간 사육실험을 하여 조피볼락의 성장, 사료효율, 먹이섭취율 등을 조사하였다. 1992년 5월 6일 산출된 치어와 1993년 4월 19일 산출된 치어를 대상으로 2회에 걸쳐 사육 실험한 결과, 500g까지 성장하는데는 산출 후 약 2 년간, 200g까지는 약 1년간이 소요되었으며, 두 실험 모두 사육기간 중에 거의 직선적으로 체중이 증가된 경향을 보였다. 사육 기간별 성장 단계에 따른 사육 결과를 살펴보면, 기간별로 다소 변동적이기는 하나, 사료효율, 증중율, 일간증중율, 일간먹이섭취율 및 일간단백질섭취율은 두 실험 모두 사육기간이 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 성장 초기 단계에 현저히 감소하다가 평균체중 200g 이후부터는 거의 일정한 값을 유지하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out in order to collect the basic data on the standardization of the manufacturing process of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino drying. By the drying methods of R. glutinosa, the content of water, inorganic components, reducing sugar, catalpol and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene were investigated. The water content was 15.6~17.2% when R. glutinosa was dried by cold-warm air moisture absorption drying method (CAMAD) at $60^{\circ}C$ during 6 days. Among of the inorganic components of R. glutinosa the K content was the most followed by P, Na, Ca and Mg. The reducing sugar content of R. glutinosa by the hot air drying method (HAD) was much more than that by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of R. glutinosa was not different by the drying temperature when it was dried by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of the large size tuber (about 50.0 g/unit) showed a tendency to increase from $60^{\circ}C$ until $70^{\circ}C$ drying temperature, but that of the small size tuber(about 4.0 g/unit) was decreased as being a trend as the drying temperature high when R. glutinosa was dried by the HAD, But the catalpol content R. glutinosa had a tendency to drop significantly at drying temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. The benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene content was little detected when R. glutinosa was dried by both the SLD and the CAMAD, and the sampling by the HAD indicated within the scope of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ which was the scope to regulate by Korean food and drug administration. In conclusion, it seemed that an appropriate drying temperature of R. glutinosa by the CAMAD and the HAD was about $60^{\circ}C$ and about $70^{\circ}C$, respectively, when we consider the catalpol content and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene detection in the manufacturing process of drying R. glutinosa.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.495-500
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• 1992

미생물을 이용하여 nicotinic acid로부터 6-hydroxynicotinic acid를 생산하기 위하여 토양으로부터 nicotinic acid를 탄소원, 질소원 및 에너지원으로 이용하는 균주를 70종 분리 하였으며, 이들 균주로부터 nicotinic acid hydroxylase의 비활성이 가장 높은 균주인 SH-007를 선별하였고, Pseudomonas sp.로 동정되었다. Pseudomonas sp.의 SH-007의 nicotinic acid hydroxylase의 비활성은 배지 중 2 g/l nicotinic acid, 1 g/l($(NH_4){_2}SO_4$ 및 0.5 g/l peptone을 사용하여 초기 pH 7.5로 조정한 후 $30^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 배양할 때 가장 높았으며, Pseudomonas sp. SH-007를 24시간 배양한 후 1.5 g/l nicotinic acid를 첨가하고 18시간 배양을 계속하면 24시간 배양 때보다 nicotinic acid hydroxylase의 비활성이 12% 증가하였다. 한편, 휴지세포를 이용한 6-hydroxynicotinic acid 생산을 위하여 2 g/l nicotinic acid이 함유된 최적 반응조건하에서 3시간 반응시킨 결과 생성된 6-hydroxynicotinic acid는 2.22 g/l이었으며, 이때의 전환율은 98.2 %이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2006

A lab-on-a-chip (LoC) was designed for simultaneous monitoring of microorganisms, antibiotic residues, somatic cells, and pH in raw milk. The LoC was fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology, which consisted of two parts; a protein array and microchannel. The protein array was fabricated by immobilizing five types of antibodies corresponding to two microorganisms, two antibiotic residues, and somatic cells. A sol-gel film was deposited on a glass substrate to immobilize the antibodies. The target analytes in raw milk could be bound with the corresponding antibody by an immunoreaction, and the antigen-antibody complex was detected using fluorescence microscopy. SNARF-dextran was used as a pH indicator, and the SNARF-entrapped hydrogel was attached to the microchannel in the chip. After injecting the milk sample into the channel, the pH was measured by monitoring the change in fluorescence intensity by fluorescence microscopy. The on-chip simultaneous assay of two microorganisms (E. coli O157:H7 and Streptococcus agalactiae), two antibiotic residues (penicillin G and dihydrostreptomycin), and neutrophils was successfully accomplished using the proposed LoC system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.18
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• pp.202-203
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• 2005

To recognize whether admixture affects some $(Ba_{0.6}Sr_{0.4})TiO_3$, powder in this research $Li_2CO_3$, MgO, $MnO_2$ adding each 3 wt % by Tape casting method thick film make. Sitering temperature lowered 1300$^{\circ}C$ adding $Li_2CO_3$, and density is 5.942g/$cm^3$, and specific inductive capacity increases about decuple and displayed 4000. Climbed sitering temperature 1400$^{\circ}C$ adding MgO, specific inductive capacity reduced 1/2 times. Lowered sintering temperature 1325$^{\circ}C$ low adding $MnO_2$.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2011

이 연구는 화단용 국화의 식재 효율성을 높이기 위한 목적으로 기존에 개발된 식생매트에 삽수를 이용하여 최적의 매트조건을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 8가지 처리 조건의 매트에 Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Ford'를 삽목하고 난 후 50일 후 생육을 조사한 결과, 매트 내 뿌리 분포는 10mm 두께의 중간에 배양토를 삽입한 coir net(C 처리)에서 가장 좋았고, 초장과 지상부 생체중도 각각 29cm, 5.6g으로 동일 조건에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 뿌리가 형성된 매트를 포장에 정식 40일 후 초장은 12mm 두께의 중간에 배양토를 삽입한 Jute net가 가장 좋았으나, 지상부 생체중은 C 처리와 차이가 없었다. 매트 내 뿌리 형성과 정식 후 삽수 길이별 생육은 길이 5cm인 삽수가 3과 8cm인 것 보다 좋은 결과를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2015

Background: Ginseng belongs to the genus Panax. Its main active ingredients are the ginsenosides. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To understand the effects of ginsenoside Re (GRe) on GI motility, the authors investigated its effects on the pacemaker activity of ICCs of the murine small intestine. Methods: Interstitial cells of Cajal were dissociated from mouse small intestines by enzymatic digestion. The whole-cell patch clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs. Changes in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content induced by GRe were investigated. Results: Ginsenoside Re ($20-40{\mu}M$) decreased the amplitude and frequency of ICC pacemaker activity in a concentration-dependent manner. This action was blocked by guanosine 50-[${\beta}-thio$]diphosphate [a guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein inhibitor] and by glibenclamide [an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive $K^{+}$ channel blocker]. To study the GRe-induced signaling pathway in ICCs, the effects of 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor) and RP-8-CPT-cGMPS (a protein kinase G inhibitor) were examined. Both inhibitors blocked the inhibitory effect of GRe on ICC pacemaker activity. L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester ($100{\mu}M$), which is a nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, blocked the effects of GRe on ICC pacemaker activity and GRe-stimulated cGMP production in ICCs. Conclusion: In cultured murine ICCs, GRe inhibits the pacemaker activity of ICCs via the ATP-sensitive potassium ($K^{+}$) channel and the cGMP/NO-dependent pathway. Ginsenoside Re may be a basis for developing novel spasmolytic agents to prevent or alleviate GI motility dysfunction.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.236-237
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• 2012

ZnO nanorods were grown on R-plane sapphire substrates with the seed layers annealed at different temperature. The effects of annealing temperature for the seed layers on the properties of the ZnO nanorods were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. For the as-prepared seed layers, the ZnO nanorods and the ZnO nanosheets were observed. Only the ZnO nanorods were grown as the annealing temperature was above $700^{\circ}C$. The optical transmittance in the UV region was almost zero while that in the visible region was gradually increased as the annealing temperature increased to $700^{\circ}C$. The optical band gap of the ZnO nanorods was increased as the annealing temperature increased to $700^{\circ}C$. In the visible region, the refractive index was decreased with increasing the wavelength, and the extinction coefficient was decreased as the annealing temperature increased to $700^{\circ}C$. The non-linear exciton radiative life time of the FX emission peak was established by cubic equation. The values of Varshni's empirical equation fitting parameters were ${\alpha}=4{\times}10^{-3}eV/K$, ${\beta}=1{\times}10^4K$, and $E_g(0)=3.335eV$ and the activation energy was found to be about 94.6 meV.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2008

교류 $50{\sim}100\;kHz$의 고주파와 수 kV의 고전압으로 구동되는 냉음극 형광램프의 전류 및 전압을 계측하는 방법을 조사하였다. 고 전압 측에 설치되는 프로브 자체의 임피던스 영향으로 램프의 휘도가 변화하고 누설 전류가 발생하여 정확한 전류 및 전압의 계측이 어렵다. 따라서 프로브의 임피던스와 누설 전류를 고려한 회로 분석을 통하여 올바른 계측 방법을 제시하였다. 프로브 설치로 휘도 변화 시, 인버터에 입력되는 DC 전압을 조정하여 램프의 특정 휘도를 유지하여 계측한다. 램프 전류($I_G$)는 접지 측에서 전류 프로브나 고주파 전류계로 계측하며, 전압은 고 전압 측에 설치한 전압 프로브로 계측한다. 램프 전압($V_C$)은 고전압이 인가되는 냉음극과 안전 캐패시터 사이에서 계측하며, 인버터의 출력 전압(VI)은 안전 캐패시터와 인버터 출력단 사이에서 계측한다. 램프 전압($V_C$)과 램프 전류($I_G$)의 위상차가 없기 때문에, 램프 자체의 순수 소모 전력은 램프 전압($V_C$)와 램프 전류($I_G$)의 곱이다. 인버터의 출력 전압($V_I$)과 램프 전류($I_G$)의 위상차($\theta$)는 전압 프로브의 용량성 임피던스로 인하여 계측값이 부정확하며, 회로의 분석에서 얻어진 $cos{\theta}=V_C/V_I$로부터 위상차를 얻을 수 있다.