• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.499-505
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic behavior of a population of Holstein cattle in response to the variation of environmental temperature by analyzing the effects of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) through reaction norms for the somatic cell score (SCS). Methods: Data was collected for 67,206 primiparous cows from the database of the Paraná Holstein Breeders Association in Brazil, with the aim of evaluating the temperature effect, considered as an environmental variable, distinguished under six gradients, with the variation range found being 17℃ to 19.5℃, over the region. A reaction norm model was adopted utilizing the fourth order under the Legendre polynomials, using the mixed models of analysis by the restricted maximum likelihood method by the WOMBAT software. Additionally, the genetic behavior of the 15 most representative bulls was assessed, in response to the changes in the temperature gradient. Results: A mean score of 2.66 and a heritability variation from 0.17 to 0.23 was found in the regional temperature increase. The correlation between the environmental gradients proved to be higher than 0.80. Distinctive genetic behaviors were observed according to the increase in regional temperature, with an observed increase of up to 0.258 in the breeding values of some animals, as well as a reduction in the breeding of up to 0.793, with occasional reclassifications being observed as the temperature increased. Conclusion: Non-relevant GEI for SCS were observed in Holstein cattle herds of southern Brazil. Thus, the inclusion of the temperature effect in the model of genetic evaluation of SCS for the southern Brazilian Holstein breed is not required.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2001

Electronic catalog is a kind of electronic document to exchange product and service data for B2B or B2C EC(electronic commerce). Up to date a lot of selution/service providers which develop EC systems such as shopping malls, have constructed electronic catalogs. However, they use different contents, formats, and exchange methods without a standardized concept and consistent definition of components. This causes problems that time and cost to develop catalogs are duplicated and data exchange across e-marketplaces is difficult. In order to resolve these problems, standardization works for electronic catalog are carried out inside and outside the country. In this paper, we introduce types of standards concerned with electronic catalog, trends of standardization activities, and domestic standardization activities by industry such as electronics, automobile, shipbuilding, heavy industry, steel, electricity, construction, distribution, biomedical, and textile.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.313-322
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• 2004

Glasses are to be classified in organic glasses and inorganic glasses. Generally, we just call glasses instead of calling inorganic glasses and call synthetic resin or plastic instead of calling organic glasses. One of the ophthalmic plastic glasses develops into polycarbonate resin in organic glasses. Recently, polycarbonate resin is widely known because it has larger index and impact than plastic lens. Ours study analyzed about polycarbonate resin in ophthalmic substance.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 1998

This paper is the fifth report about the fungal diseases of economic resource plants observed newly in Korea. It contains short descriptions on symptoms, occurrence conditions, pathogens, and some phytopathological notes for each of 10 fungal plant diseases. They are identified as leaf spot of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica by Septoria lengyelii, leaf spot of Calystegia soldanella by S. convolvuli, leaf spot of Campanula punctata by S. campanulae, leaf spot of Codonopsis lanceolata by S. codonopsidis, leaf spot of Geum japonicum by s. gei, black spot of Oenanthe javanica by s. oenanthes, leaf spot of Oenothera odorata by S. oenotherae, angular leaf spot of Rehmannia glutinosa by S. digitalis, brown spot of Rubus crataegifolius by s. rubi, and leaf spot of Viola verecunda by S. violae-palustris, respectively.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 1994

The objective of this study was to develop an effective in vitro production system capable of obtaining more porcine embryos from immature oocytes. These experiments were thus conducted to examine the effect of oocytes type and maturation time on the in vitro maturation(IVM) and fertilization(IVF) of oocytes and the in vitro development (IVD)of IVF embryos. 1. The degree of oocyte maturation based on cumulus expansion index(GEI) did not differ for A- and B-typed oocytes but the index of oocyte type C was lower(P<0.05) than that of other oocyte types. 2. When the oocytes of type A and B were matured for 36, 42 and 48hrs, the GEl was not different between the 36- and 42-h maturation but the GEl after 48hrs was greatly lower(P<0.05) than that of other maturation times. 3. The highest cleavage rate(48.6%) of IVF oocytes was obtained from A typed oocytes and 42-h maturation but the developmental potential based on cleavage index was the highest when B-typed oocytes were matured for 42hrs.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2022

The subfamily Pimplinae is one of the largest groups of the family Ichneumonidae, currently 1,737 species in 77 genera worldwide. In Korea, 120 species in 33 genera have been recorded. The South Korean species of the subfamily Pimplinae Wesmael, 1845 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are the focus of this study. Here, six species are newly added in the South Korean fauna: Aravenator kamijoi Momoi, Chablisea varicolor Liu, He & Chen, Clistopyga arctica Kusigemati, Liotryphon cydiae (Perkins), L. strobilellae (Linnaeus), and Zaglyptus semirufus marginatus Kasparyan. Of these new taxa, two genera (Aravenato and, Chablisea) belonging to the tribe Ephialtini are also newly recorded from South Korea. We present a key to species of South Korean Clistopyga, Liotryphon, and Zaglyptus, diagnosis, photographs, and distribution. As a result of this study, the Korean fauna of Pimplinae is now known to consist of 126 species in 35 genera. All Pimplinae specimens are kept in the collections of the Geolim Entomological Institute (GEI), Daegu, South Korea.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.575-596
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• 2012

Students' perception on a science program for gifted was investigated. The whole program was designed in consistency and integrity based on the Autonomous Learner Model suggested by Betts & Kercher(1999). 7th, 8th and 9th grade students were enrolled in this program, offered by G Education Institute for Gifted(GEI) located in Seoul. A survey was done to ask students' perception regarding the effect of the program. The survey consisted of statements about the expected effects of the program and students were asked if they agreed with the statements. Most students strongly agreed that GEI's program has positive effects. Students replied that they learned useful and interesting science contents, enjoyed meaningful experience of cooperating with members in small groups, and were challenged by the inquiry tasks. They recognized that they were being trained to become autonomous learners. They also said that their choices and decisions were respected, which resulted in positive effects on their ability to negotiate or to inquire actively. These implies that Autonomous Learner Model had been successfully applied. Although it was not clear autonomy of students was fully grown, the possibility of becoming an autonomous learner was evident. Satisfaction level is higher for the older students, implying that the integrity in the program gave accumulating effect. Students response showed that three sub-programs of GEI, the classes of each subject, conference at the end of the year and autonomous learner training played equally important role for students to learn the process of scientific inquiry and autonomous learning. This was a positive sign that the strategies for scientific inquiry and autonomous learning were embedded and integrated deeply in the program. The results of current research suggests that the integrity of a program based on a specific education model for the gifted could provide better education environment for the gifted students.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.151-165
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• 2020

Recently, the government has been spending a large amount of money to support start-ups with its major policies aimed at economic growth and job creation under the keynote of innovative growth. Nevertheless, the Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute (GEDI) gave a very low assessment of the social and cultural support areas of Korea's start-up ecosystem in the 2018 Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), indicating that unlike the government's interest, our perception of start-ups has not been positive. This study surveyed 300 prospective entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs. In addition, this study empirically analyzes how social support of those around them is related to their entrepreneurial intentions and behaviors. As a result, it was not possible to confirm whether social support affects entrepreneurial intentions, but social support had positive influences on entrepreneurial behaviors. In addition, social support was found to have positive influences on entrepreneurial behaviors with dual mediation of entrepreneurial self-dfficacy and entrepreneurial intentions. Therefore, it was confirmed that social support is a factor that influences entrepreneurial behaviors and that entrepreneurial self-efficacy has important parametric effects. The findings of this study suggest that the government and entrepreneurship support agencies need to reflect programs in start-up support poject to promote social support for start-ups and to enhance entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1985

In order to develop a sanitary and economic storage method for chicken carcass by gamma-irradiation, the samples irradiated with 5 to 10 kGy were stored at 3 to $4^{\circ}C$ for 41 days, and the changes in ordour, appearance and the cooking guality of stored samples were determined. The nonirradiated samples which stored for more than 7 days were not tested because of microbial spoilage on the chicken carcasses. However, the quality of irradiated groups of 5 to 10 kGy was similar to that of fresh chicken for about 15 days though it deteriorated slightly after 20 days, however, they were still acceptable to eat each after 27 days of storage. The overall acceptability, flavor and texture was not significantly different in the samples of nonirradiated those of irradiated immediately and those of irradiated and then stored for 15 days when they were prepared for Sam Gei Tang arid steamed chicken. The acceptibility of Sam Gei Tang prepared with chickens after 15 days of the storage, the irradiated groups of 8 and 10 kGy showed a similarity to the chickens prepared immediately after slaughter. In steamed chickens prepared with the samples stored for 15 days texture of the irradiated group was superior to that of the nonirradiated fresh chicken, and there were no statistical differences in the flavors between each group.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2022

The cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) caused by different fungal species is a major concern for cucurbit crops around the world. In Argentina CPM constitutes the most common and damaging disease for cucurbits, especially for squash crops (Cucurbita moschata). The present study displays initial insights into the knowledge of the disease in western Argentina, including the determination of the prevalent species causing CPM, as well as the evaluation of the resistance of squash cultivars and breeding lines. Fungal colonies were isolated from samples collected in Mendoza province, Argentina. A field trial was also performed to assess the resistance of five squash accessions, including commercial cultivars and breeding lines. The severity of CPM was analyzed and epidemiological models were built based on empirical data. The morphological determinations and analysis with specific molecular markers confirmed Podosphaera xanthi as the prevalent causal agent of CPM in Mendoza. The results od the field trial showed differences in the resistance trait among the squash accessions. The advanced breeding line BL717/1 showed promising results as source of CPM resistance for the future development of open pollinated resistant cultivars, a crucial tool for an integrative control of the disease.