• 한국의사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2011

Everyone once in a life experience headaches as symptoms are very common. According to a study in a country of more than a week and as many as those who have experienced a headache amounts to 69.4%. In addition, the high reported prevalence of migraine in 30s for 80% of all migraine sufferers daily life interfere with work or was affected. In Western medicine, the cause of headaches is traction or deformation of pain induced tissue like scalp, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, fascia, extracranial arteriovenous, nerves, periosteum. But it turns out there are not cause why pain induced tissue is being tracted or deformated. Therefore, most of the western-therapy is mainly conducted with regimen for a temporary symptom reduction. Therefore, I examined how it has been developed in Chinese Ming Dynasty, the perception of headache, change in disease stage and an etiological cause. Oriental medicine in the treatment of headache is a more fundamental way to have an excellent treatment. The recognition of head in "素問($s{\grave{u}}$ $w{\grave{e}}n$)" and "靈樞($l{\acute{i}}ng$ $sh{\bar{u}}$)" began to appear in 'Soul-神($sh{\acute{e}}n$) dwelling place' and 'where to gather all the Yang-'諸陽之會($zh{\bar{u}}$ $y{\acute{a}}ng$ $zh{\bar{i}}$ $hu{\grave{i}}$)'. Also, head was recognized as '六腑($li{\grave{u}}f{\check{u}}$) 淸陽之氣($q{\bar{i}}ng$ $y{\acute{a}}ng$ $zh{\bar{i}}$ $q{\grave{i}}$) and 五臟($w{\check{u}}$ $z{\grave{a}}ng$) 精血($j{\bar{i}}ng$ $xu{\grave{e}}$) gathering place'. More specific structures such as the brain is considered a sea of marrow(髓海-$su{\check{i}}$ $h{\check{a}}i$) in "內經($n{\grave{e}}i$ $j{\bar{i}}ng$)" and came to recognized place where a stroke occurs. Accompanying development of the recognition about head, there had been changed about the perception of headache and the recognition of the cause and mechanism of headache. And the recognition of headache began to be completed in Ming Dynasty through Jin, Yuan Dynasty. Chinese Ming Dynasty, specially 樓英($l{\acute{o}}u$ $y{\bar{i}}ng$), in "醫學綱目($y{\bar{i}}xu{\acute{e}}$ $g{\bar{a}}ngm{\grave{u}}$)", first enumerated prescription in detail by separating postpartum headache. and proposed treatment of headache especially due to postpartum sepsis(敗血-$b{\grave{a}}i$ $xu{\grave{e}}$). 許浚($x{\check{u}}$ $j{\grave{u}}n$) accepted a variety of views without impartial opinion in explaining one kind of headache in "東醫寶鑑($d{\bar{o}}ng-y{\bar{i}}$ $b{\check{a}}oji{\grave{a}}n)$" 張景岳($zh{\bar{a}}ng$ $j{\check{i}}ng$ $yu{\grave{e}}$), in "景岳全書($j{\check{i}}ng$ $yu{\grave{e}}$ $qu{\acute{a}}nsh{\bar{u}}$)", established his own unique classification system-新舊表裏($x{\bar{i}}nji{\grave{u}}$ $bi{\check{a}}ol{\check{i}}$)-, and offered a clear way even in treatment. Acupuncture treatment of headache in the choice of meridian has been developed as a single acupuncture point. Using the classification of headache to come for future generation as a way of locating acupoints were developed. Chinese Ming Dynasty, there are special treatments like 導引按蹻法($d{\check{a}}o$ y ${\check{i}}n$ ${\grave{a}}n$ $ji{\check{a}}o$ $f{\check{a}}$), 搐鼻法($ch{\grave{u}}$ $b{\acute{i}}$ $f{\check{a}})$, 吐法($t{\check{u}}$ $f{\check{a}}$), 外貼法($w{\grave{a}}i$ $ti{\bar{e}}$ $f{\check{a}}$), 熨法($y{\grave{u}}n$ $f{\check{a}}$), 點眼法($di{\check{a}}n$ $y{\check{a}}n$ $f{\check{a}}$), 熏蒸法($x{\bar{u}}nzh{\bar{e}}ng$ $f{\check{a}}$), 香氣療法($xi{\bar{a}}ngq{\grave{i}}$ $li{\acute{a}}of{\check{a}}$). Most of this therapy in the treatment of headache, it is not used here, but if you use a good fit for today's environment can make a difference.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 2013

창과감초(Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal)는 한약재의 조화를 돕고 해독, 항염증, 항궤양 등의 약리작용으로 한방에서 널리 이용되는 약용식물이다. 본 연구에서는 지방세포와 조골세포에서 감초의 생리활성을 확인하고자 감초에탄올추출물(GBE)을 이용하여 세포분화 촉진여부를 조사하였다. GBE의 세포독성여부를 통해 안전하다고 확인된 $1{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$의 농도 내에서 실험이 진행되었고 지방세포 분화조건에서 다분화능 세포 C3H10T1/2과 지방전구세포 3T3-L1의 Oil Red O 염색을 통해 GBE의 지방세포분화 촉진효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 지방세포의 핵심전사조절인자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 그의 표지유전자 aP2, AdipoQ, $C/EBP{\alpha}$의 발현량 증가를 통해 GBE의 지방세포분화 촉진효과를 재확인하였다. 이와 일관된 결과로서 조골세포 분화조건에서 다분화능 세포 C3H10T1/2과 조골전구세포 MC3T3-E1의 ALP 염색을 통해 GBE의 조골세포분화 촉진효과를 확인하였고 조골세포 표지유전자인 ALP, RUNX2, osterix, collagen의 발현량 증가를 통해 GBE의 조골세포분화 촉진효과를 재확인하였다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 GBE의 지방세포와 조골세포 분화효과를 매개하는 감초의 구성성분을 조사하기 위해 GA(glycyrrhizic acid)와 LA(licochalcone A)의 분화촉진 여부를 확인한 결과, GA는 영향을 주지 않으나 LA가 GBE의 세포분화효과를 매개한다고 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제2형 당뇨와 그에 수반되는 골질환과 골다공증에 대한 치료 소재로서 GBE와 그의 생리활성을 매개할 수 있는 LA의 가능성을 보았으며 GBE에서 분리되는 다양한 화합물의 동정 및 생리활성 효과, LA와의 상승효과 등의 추후 연구가 기대된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 방향족 화한물인 aniline, benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate를 분해할 수 있는 Delftia sp. JK-2에서 이들 각 기질에서 배양시 다른 종류의 dioxygenases를 분리 정제하고, 정제된 dioxygenases의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 실시하기 위한 것이다. 기질로서 benzoate, aniline, 또는 p-hydroxybenzoate에 따라 분리된 dioxygenases는 각각 catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C1 ,2O), catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C2, 3O), 그리고 protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase (4,5-PCD)였다. 각 dioxygenases의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 먼저 benzoate, aniline 또는 p-hydroxybenzoate에서 배양한 Delftia sp. JK-2 세포를 초음파 분쇄기로 파쇄하여, ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-sepharose, 그리고 Q-sepharose의 순서로 정제하여 농축하였다. 정제$.$농축된 dioxygenases의 특이 활성도를 보면 C1, 2O는 3.3 unit/mg, C2, 3O는 4.7unit/mg이고, 4,5-PCD는 2.0 unit/mg이다 C1, 2O와 C2, 3O의 기질 특이성 조사에서는 catechol과 4-methylcatechol에서 두 효소 모두 효소 활성이 나타났으며, C1. 2O에서는 3-methylcatechol에서 약간의 활성이 확인되었고, 4,5-PCD는 protocatechuate에서만 효소 활성을 보여주었다. C1l, 2O와 C2, 3O는 3$0^{\circ}C$와 pH 8.0에서 최적의 활성을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었으며, 4,5-PCD는 3$0^{\circ}C$와 pH 7.0에서 최적의 활성이 조사되었다. Delftia sp. JK-2에서 정제된 C1, 2O와 C2, 3O의 효소활성은 Ag$^{+}$, Hg$^{+}$, 그리고 Cu$^{2+}$에 의해 억제되는 것으로 나타났으며, 4,5-PCD의 경우에는 Ag$^{+}$, Hg$^{+}$, 그리고 Cu$^{2+}$ 뿐만 아니라 Fe$^{3+}$ 에 이해서도 효소 활성이 억제되는 것이 확인되었다. C1, 2O, C2, 3O, 4,5-PCD의 분자량은 SDS-PAGE에 의해 각각 60kDa, 35kDa, 62kDa로 측정되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.1552-1563
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• 2016

본 연구는 양파의 불쾌치를 저감화시킨 무취음료와 양파 과피 추출물을 첨가한 생리활성 성분 강화음료의 $H_2O_2$로 유도된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 뇌신경세포 보호 효과와 $A{\beta}$로 유도된 인지기능 장애 동물모델에서의 개선 효과를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 뇌신경세포 보호 효과에서는 상대적으로 강화음료에서 무취음료 대비 우수한 산화적 스트레스 억제효과 및 생존율을 나타내었다. $A{\beta}$로 유도된 인지기능 장애 동물모델에 있어 Y-maze, passive avoidance 및 Morris water maze test에서 강화음료가 상대적으로 우수한 학습 및 기억력 개선 효과를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 마우스의 뇌 조직에서 강화음료 그룹은 AChE 활성을 저해하고, 신경전달물질인 ACh의 함량을 증가시킴으로써 $A{\beta}$로 유도된 cholinergic system 장애에 있어 개선 효과를 나타내었다. 또한, 마우스 뇌에서 SOD 함량의 증가, oxidized GSH/total GSH와 MDA 함량을 감소시킴으로써 $A{\beta}$와 같은 산화적 스트레스 인자에 대한 뛰어난 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 최종적으로 무취음료와 강화음료의 주요성분들을 Q-TOF UPLC/MS system을 통하여 분석한 결과, 강화음료의 경우 무취음료보다 생리활성을 가진 2개의 steroidal saponin과 6개의 phenolic 화합물 등이 추가 검출되었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해볼 때 강화음료는 상대적으로 protocatechuic acid와 quercetin 같은 강력한 항산화 효과를 나타내는 phenolic 화합물과 steroidal saponin 계열에 의한 우수한 인지기능 개선 효과를 기반으로 한 고부가가치 식품으로 활용될 수 있는 산업적 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2005

목적: 뮤코지방증 유형 II와 III은 리소좀 효소인N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, GlcNAc-phospho-transferase)의 결손에 의해 초래되며, 상염색체 열성으로 유전되는 질환이다. ${\alpha}/{\beta}/{\gamma}$ subunit로 구성되는 이 효소의 결핍으로 인해 리소좀으로 운반되는 수십 종류의 효소들에 mannose-6-phosphate(M6P)를 부착하는 과정에 장애가 생겨 분해되지 않은 물질이 축적되어 질병이 초래된다. 이 질환에 있어서 산전 진단과 유전 상담을 위해서는 상기 효소의 해당 유전자가 밝혀져 있어야 하나, 현재 이 효소의 ${\gamma}$ subunit를 암호화하는 유전자가 GNPTAG에 해당된다고 밝혀져 있을 뿐 ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ subunit을 암호화하는 GNPTA에 해당하는 유전자는 밝혀져 있지 않고 돌연변이 역시 보고된 적이 없다. 본 연구는 리소좀 효소의 인산화에 관여하는 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phospho-transferase의 결함이 있는 환자의 섬유아세포를 이용하여 리소좀 연관 신규 유전자를 찾아내고, 그 유전자를 대상으로 돌연변이를 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 이를 위해 5명의 환자와5명의 연령, 성별이 일치하는 정상아의 섬유아세포를 계대 배양하여 이 세포를 이용하여 수행한 subtractive hybridization을 통해 신규 유전자를 탐색하고, 신규 유전자를 대상으로 돌연변이 분석을 수행하였다. 결과: 연구 결과 환자에서 발현이 증가된 유전자 73개와 발현이 감소된 유전자 50개를 밝혀냈다. 분석된 유전자 중에서 MGC4170이환자에서는 발현되지 않으나 정상인에서는 발현됨을 발견하였고, 이 유전자가 아직 밝혀지지 않은 GNPTA로 확인되어 환자를 대상으로 돌연변이 분석을 시행하였다.분석 결과 기존에 돌연변이가 보고되었던 GNPTAG에는 돌연변이가 없었으나, MGC4170에는 7개의 돌연변이가 발견되었다. 본 연구는 GlcNAc-phosphotransferase의 ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ subunit에 해당되는 MGC4170의 최초 돌연변이 보고이다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 뮤코지방증 II형과 III형에서 발현되는 유전자 군을 파악할 수 있었으며, 동시에 MGC4170 돌연변이를 규명함으로써 이 질환의 병리 기전 연구와 산전 진단에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1014-1020
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• 1996

한국식 핫소스의 제조기술을 개발하기 위하여 Tabasco등 11종의 수입핫소스를 수집하여 원료조성 및 이화학적 성분을 조사하였다. 핫소스의 주원료는 chili, 식염 및 식초이며 이화학적 성분을 분석한 결과 수분은 $44.73{\sim}95.66%$, 총질소는 $0.11{\sim}1.06%$. 환원당은 $0.03{\sim}3.18%$, 조섬유는 $0.42{\sim}2.51%$, 염도는 $0.87{\sim}10.44%$, pH는 $3.22{\sim}4.05%$, 적정산소는 $1.18{\sim}3.62%$, capsanthin은 $0.44{\sim}1.06%$, capsaicin은 $2.40{\sim}4.28mg%$이었다. 고추가루 및 고추장을 이용하여 20종의 한국식 핫소스를 제조하여 이화학적 성분을 조사한 결과 수분은 $53.07{\sim}78.30%$, 총질소는 $0.34{\sim}0.68%$, 환원당은 $1.60{\sim}4.34%$, 조섬유는 $1.31{\sim}2.54%$, 염도는 $4.07{\sim}5.56%$, pH는 $3.37{\sim}2.54%$, 적정산도는 $1.15{\sim}3.06%$, capsanthin은 $0.67{\sim}1.36%$, capsaicin은 $0.51{\sim}1.42mg%$이었다. 이와 같은 결과는 수입 핫소스의 이화학적 성분과 유사하였으나 매운 맛인 capsaicin이 약간 떨어지고 있었다. 제조된 20종의 한국식 핫소스 중에서 우리 입맛에 적합한 한국식 핫소스를 선발하기 위하여 관능검사를 실시한 결과 고추가루를 이용하여 제조한 핫소스(제품번호 G), 고추장을 이용하여 제조한 핫스(제품번호 I), 고추가루와 고추장을 혼합하여 제조한 핫소스 (제품번호 Q)등 3종의 한국식 핫소스가 선정되었으며 수입 핫소스인 Sriracha hot sauce와 관능검사를 비교한 결과 우수한 것으로 평가되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2000

Bee-venom Acupucture has good effect on pain control but We may be anxious about the problem of side-effect. Bee-venom components are composed of phospholipase $A_2$, hyaluronidase, melitin, apamin, MCD peptide, citrate and so on. Especially Apamin, MCD peptide and histamine cause severe reacting that is named Anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the acute system reaction of multiple organ systems to an IgE-mediated immunologic mediator release in previously sensitized individuals. Respiratory and dermatologic manifestations are the most commonly expressed clinical features of anaphylaxis, and a majority of anaphylactic reactions initially appear to be localized to these two systems. Anaphylatic reaction of bee-venom are expressed clinically ulticaria, itching sensation, erythema, dizziness, nausea, hypotension and so on. Especially ulticaria and erythema are end points of increased vascular permeability and vasodilatation at the other extreme of the clinical spectrum, Gastrointestinal mucosal edema and smooth muscle contraction can result in cramping abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Therefore, we have observed anaphylatic reaction of bee-venom in 11 patients, who visited WonKwang University Kunpo Oriental Medical Center, treated bee venom. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The patient distribution ratio, in regard to sex, was shown to be 1 : 2.67 for male to females. In regard to age, it was shown that people in their 30's was the most predominant case, followed by people in their 20's, 30's, 50's and 60's, respectively. 2. When Anaphylaxis was occured, it was observed to abnormality of CBC, LFT, IgE, IgG. 3. In regard to patient condition, it was observed that fatigue was most frequent. 4. In regard to the number of times and quantity of bee venom inj., it was observed that anaphylaxis is most frequent at 7-10 times(1.6-2.0cc) 5. In regard to duration of reaction, it was observed that people in their l0min' was most frequent. In disappearing duration of anaphylaxic reaction, The results showed under 60min lcases(9%), 60-120min 7cases(64%) and 180-240min 3cases(27%). 6. In symptoms of anaphylaxis, The results showed hypotension 8cases(19%), itching sensation 7cases(16%), nausea 4cases(9%), erythema 4cases(9%) and dizziness 4cases(9%). In mentality, The results showed drowsy 8case(73%) and alert 3cases(27%). 7. Generally, patients were treated with Avil, Dexa IM and PDS, peniramine, cimetidine, Q-zyme per os after H/S, N/S inj. $O_2$ was supplied according to patient's symptom. In 1 severe case, Dopamine was iv injected.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1311-1318
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the effects of basal diets supplemented with a clay product consisting of zeolite and attapulgite (ZA) at 1:1 ratio on growth performance, digestibility of feed nutrients, activities of digestive enzymes in small intestine and intestinal health in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, 112 one-day-old male chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups with 8 replicates of 7 chickens each. In experiment 2, 84 one-day-old male chickens were randomly allocated into 2 groups consisting 6 replicates of 7 chickens each. The experimental diets both consisted of a maize-soybean basal control diet supplemented with 0% or 2% ZA. The diets were fed from 1 to 42 days of age. The results showed that ZA supplementation could increase body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), but had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio. The apparent digestibility values of crude protein and gross energy were significantly increased (p<0.05) by ZA from 14 to 16 d and 35 to 37 d. Dietary ZA treatment significantly increased (p<0.05) the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in jejunal digesta and the activities of maltase and sucrase in jejunal mucosa on days 21 and 42. The ZA supplementation also significantly increased (p<0.05) the catalase activity, reduced (p<0.05) the malondialdehyde concentration in the jejunal mucosa. In addition, a decrease of serum diamine oxidase activity and an increase (p<0.05) in concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in jejunal mucosa were observed in birds treated with ZA on 21 and 42 days. It is concluded that ZA supplementation (2%) could partially improve the growth performance by increasing BWG and FI. This improvement was achieved through increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes, enhancing the digestibilites of nutrients, promoting intestinal health of broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2005

Indigenous Yakutian cattle' adaptation to the hardest subarctic conditions makes them a valuable genetic resource for cattle breeding in the Siberian area. Since early last century, crossbreeding between native Yakutian cattle and imported Simmental and Kholmogory breeds has been widely adopted. In this study, variations at 22 polymorphic microsatellite loci in 5 populations of Yakutian, Kholmogory, Simmental, Yakutian-Kholmogory and Yakutian-Simmental cattle were analysed to estimate the genetic contribution of Yakutian cattle to the two hybrid populations. Three statistical approaches were used: the weighted least-squares (WLS) method which considers all allele frequencies; a recently developed implementation of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method called likelihood-based estimation of admixture (LEA); and a model-based Bayesian admixture analysis method (STRUCTURE). At population-level admixture analyses, the estimate based on the LEA was consistent with that obtained by the WLS method. Both methods showed that the genetic contribution of the indigenous Yakutian cattle in Yakutian-Kholmogory was small (9.6% by the LEA and 14.2% by the WLS method). In the Yakutian-Simmental population, the genetic contribution of the indigenous Yakutian cattle was considerably higher (62.8% by the LEA and 56.9% by the WLS method). Individual-level admixture analyses using STRUCTURE proved to be more informative than the multidimensional scaling analysis (MDSA) based on individual-based genetic distances. Of the 9 Yakutian-Simmental animals studied, 8 showed admixed origin, whereas of the 14 studied Yakutian-Kholmogory animals only 2 showed Yakutian ancestry (>5%). The mean posterior distributions of individual admixture coefficient (q) varied greatly among the samples in both hybrid populations. This study revealed a minor existing contribution of the Yakutian cattle in the Yakutian-Kholmogory hybrid population, but in the Yakutian-Simmental hybrid population, a major genetic contribution of the Yakutian cattle was seen. The results reflect the different crossbreeding patterns used in the development of the two hybrid populations. Additionally, molecular evidence for differences among individual admixture proportions was seen in both hybrid populations, resulting from the stochastic process in crossing over generations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.873-882
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• 2008

Eight ileally cannulated pigs (BW $35.9{\pm}0.9kg$) were randomly allotted according to a $4{\times}3$ Latin square design to determine the effects of cellulose, pectin and starch on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) as well as on the bacterial AA contribution in feces. The pigs were fed the control diet (20.2% CP, % dry matter (DM)) or one of the three experimental diets in which 25% of the control diet was substituted by cellulose, starch or pectin. Due to this substitution, dietary CP levels were lower in the cellulose (15.5% CP, % DM), pectin (15.4% CP, % DM) and starch diet (15.2% CP, % DM). Following a 15-d adaptation period, feces were collected for 5 d and ileal digesta for a total of 24 h. Starch increased SID of CP, while cellulose and pectin had no significant effect on the digestibility of CP. Overall, starch supplementation resulted in higher (p<0.05) SID values of histidine, isoleucine, threonine, alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glycine and serine compared with cellulose, while pectin decreased (p<0.05) SID of valine and proline compared with the starch and control diet. Both cellulose and pectin reduced (p<0.05) the ATTD of CP and AA, while starch decreased (p<0.05) ATTD of phenylalanine, alanine, proline and serine compared with the control. With regard to bacterial AA composition of the fecal mixed bacterial mass (MBM), cellulose supplementation increased (p<0.05) its content of N and almost all AA, except for valine, while pectin caused higher contents of arginine, histidine and proline compared with the control (p<0.05). The bacterial contribution of arginine in feces was higher (p<0.05) in the cellulose treatment, while pectin reduced (p<0.05) the bacterial contribution of leucine, alanine, glutamic acid and proline in feces compared with the control. In conclusion, the effects of cellulose, starch and pectin on SID were rather small. Bacterial activity in the large intestine can only explain the reduced ATTD values for arginine in the cellulose treatment, but not for the other AA in the cellulose and pectin treatments, suggesting higher endogenous losses of these AA in the large intestine.