• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2013

Recently, the transgenic animal production technique is very important for the production of bio-parmaceutical as animal bio-reactor system. However, the absence of survival evaluation in vitro produced transgenic embryos has been a problem of the low productivity of transgenic animal because of absent of pre-estimate of pregnancy after transgenic embryos transferred into recipient. Therefore, this study is conducted to improve efficiency of transgenic cattle production by improving the non-surgical embryo transfer (ET) method. Transgenic bovine embryos were produced by injection of feline immunodeficiency virus enhanced green fluorescent protein (FIV-EGFP) lentiviral vector into perivitelline space of in vitro matured MII stage oocytes, and then in vitro fertilization (IVF) was occured. Normal IVF and EGFP expressing blastocysts were transferred into recipients. Results indicated that 2 expanded blastocysts (34.7%) transferred group showed significantly (P<0.05) higher pregnancy rate than 1 expanded blastocyst (26.8%) transferred group. In case of parity of recipient, ET to heifer (34.9%) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher pregnancy rate than ET to multiparous recipient (21.2%). However, there are no significant differences of pregnancy rate between natural induced estrus and artificial induced estrus groups. Significantly (P<0.05) higher pregnancy rate was obtained from recipient group which have normal corpus luteum with crown group (34.8%) than normal corpus luteum without crown (13.6%). Additionally, treatment of $100{\mu}g$ Gn-RH injection to recipient group (38.6%) 1 day before ET significantly (P<0.05) increase pregnancy rate than non- Gn-RH injection to recipient group (38.6%). We also transferred 2 EGFP expressing expanded blastocysts to each 19 recipients, 7 recipients were pregnant and finally 5 EGFP transgenic cattle were produced under described ET condition. Therefore, our result suggested that transfer of 2 good-quality expanded blastocysts to $100{\mu}g$ of Gn-RH injected recipient which have normal corpus luteum with crown is feasible to produce transgenic cattle.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2011

This study was carried out to utilize the byproducts (flower, immature and mature berry, leaf and stem) of ginseng. Yield of byproducts were $32.7{\pm}9.8g$ in flower, $68.2{\pm}2.2g$ in immature berry, $48.5{\pm}4.3g$ in mature berry, $316.2{\pm}20.5g$ in leaf, and $296.6{\pm}15.4g$ in stem per $3.3m^2$ ($180{\times}90cm$, ginseng root $675.5{\pm}35.7g$/drybasis. The total saponin contents of ginseng byproducts and root are $52.36{\pm}1.24$, $68.71{\pm}1.98$, $168.89{\pm}0.57$, $68.26{\pm}1.32$, $7.85{\pm}0.61$ and $35.08{\pm}0.96$ mg/g, respectively. The main ginsenoside of all byproducts was Re and the highest content was $132.23{\pm}1.56$ mg/g in mature berry. But flower and berry was not detected Rf and Rh1, respectively. Total polyphenolic compound content on mature berry was the highest, $2.242{\pm}0.140%$, after, immature berry > leaf > flower > root > stem order. The DPPH radical scavenging activity on mature berry was the highest, $0.115{\pm}0.004$ mg/mL($IC_{50}$), and the others were the same order of polyphenolic compound and ginsenoside content on byproducts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 1997

An experiment has been conducted to compare the sweating rate between male and female Bali cattle under tropical conditions in Bali, Indonesia with dry bulb (DB) temperatures varying from 25 to $34.5^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity (RH) 70 to 98%. Rectal temperature (Tr) was significantly different (p < 0.05) between males and females (39.7 vs $39.4^{\circ}C$ compared to 39.2 vs $38.8^{\circ}C$ on weeks 1 and 8 respectively). There were significant effects on RR associated with both $week{\times}sex$ (p < 0.01) and $sex{\times}time$ (p < 0.01) interactions, with values for males higher than females. Skin temperature (Ts) differed significantly between sexes (p <0.05), weeks (p < 0.05) and times (p < 0.01); being lower in females (36 vs $36.4^{\circ}C$). With prolonged working, there were marked increase in RR were recorded after 30 minutes (the overall increase was $12.4^{\circ}C$). Sweating rate (SR) differed significantly between sexes (p < 0.05), weeks (p < 0.01) and times (p < 0.01) during exercise. Females had a lower mean SR ($225.3g/m^2/h$) than males ($238.8g/m^2/h$). With increasing time, the highest SR was achieved after 30 minutes of exercise of $313.3g/m^2/h$.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1981

Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999에 의한 보리의 aflatoxin생성(生成)에 미치는 코발트-60감마선(線)의 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 감마선(線)은 평형수분(平衡水分)된 후(後)(접종(接種) 3일후(日後)), 그리고 10일(日)동안 배양후(培養後) 0, 50, 100, 200 및 400krad로서 조사(照射)하였으며 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 수분함량(水分含量)이 17%에서 25%로 증가(增加)함으로써 aflatoxin의 생성량(生成量)이 현저(顯著)하게 증가(增加)하였으며, 특히 무조사구(無照射區)에서 크게 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 배양기간(培養期間)을 3일(日)에서 13일(日)로 연장(延長)하여 조사(照射)함으로써 aflatoxin의 생성(生成)이 더욱 증가(增加)하였다. 3. 접종(接種) 13일후(日後) 200krad로 조사(照射)하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 배양(培養)된 25%수분함량(水分含量)(RH:100%)에서는 50 또는 100krad로 조사(照射)된 것보다 aflatoxin의 생성(生成)이 증가(增加)하였다. 4. Aflatoxin의 종류별(種類別) 축적비율(蓄積比率)은 aflatoxin G가 B보다 현저(顯著)하게 대량(大量)으로 축적(蓄積)되었다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Cigarette filters containing Brassica Rapa L. seeds of the dark brown and round shaped were evaluated to determine the effect of seed addition on filter degradability. The seeds with germination capability under the tar/nicotine condition in the preliminary test, were put into the active carbon part of the filter(12mm) during filter rod making by the kit. The $4{\pm}2$ pieces of the seeds were put into the opened fiber bundle of the filter tow. In order to test the germination rate of the seeds, seed filters were placed either in a petri dish or test-pot in a conditioned area ($25^{\circ}C$, 70 % RH). The seed filters were placed outdoors exposed to natural conditions with the periodic water supply. The seeds in the smoked filters showed 90 % germination rate after a month under the open air condition. No significant differences in the sensory evaluation and analysis were obtained when the control sample was compared to the same cigarettes with the seeds.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.947-953
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• 2002

시중에서 판매되는 김을 구입하여 습도가 32%, 43%, 75%, 온도는 $5^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 김을 보관 한 후 저장 기간에 따른 김의 품질변화를 metal oxide 센서로 구성된 전자코와 SAW 센서를 바탕으로한 GC(z-Nose)를 이용하여 측정하였다. PCA 분석결과, $5^{\circ}C$, 32%에서 보관한 김의 경우는 저장기간이 지나도 김의 품질변화가 거의 없었다. 이것은 온도와 습도가 모두 낮아 김의 품질변화에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며, RH 43%, RH 75%에서 보관한 김의 경우는 저장기간이 지날수록 제 1 주성분 값이 양의 값$(+0.2{\sim}0.4})$에서 음의 값$(-0.4{\sim}\;-0.2)$으로 변화하는 경향으로 나타났다. RH 43% 보다 75%의 경우가 더 뚜렷한 감소를 보였으며 높은 상대습도 조건에서는 $15^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$에서 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. z-Nose로 얻은 데이터를 패턴 분석한 결과 저장 기간이 지나면서 저장 온도와 습도에 따라 변질된 향시성분의 차이를 보여주었다. 이것은 미생물 수를 측정할 때와 마찬가지의 결과$(r^2=0.87)$를 보였으며 색도와는 크게 영향이 없음을 알 수 있었다. 이것으로 보면 전자코를 이용하여 조건을 달리하여 보관한 김의 품질관리를 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1997

1993-1994년에 걸쳐 전국 10개 지역내 주택에서 수거한 집먼지내의 진드기류를 조사하였다. 집 먼지는 평소 가정주부가 사용하는 전기진공청소기내 횔터에 모아진 집먼지 중 10 g을 채취하여 wet sieving metrod 일부 보완하여 진드기류를 분리하였다 채집된 총 7,257개체의 진드기를 동정한 결과 4아목 18과 23속 23종을 확인하였는데 그 중 Rhyzoglyphus robini, Sancossania phwllophcgianus, Cheyletus trouessarti 및 Scheloribotes lotipes의 4종은 국내 미기록 종이었다 전국적으로 가장 널리 분포되어 있고 서식밀도가 높은 종은 nemntophago릴os Jnrinae(DF)로 전체의 65.3%였고 D. Pteronvssinus(DP)가 20.6% Twrophnsus putrescentiqe(TP)가 6.5%를 차지하였는데, 이들 3종이 함께 서식하는 가정은 62개 조사대상 중 24.6%였고. 2개종이 공존하는 가정은 48 1%. 한종만 서식하는 가정은 27.3%였다. DF가 우점 종인 가정은 59개 조사 가정 중 63.5% DP가 우점종인 가정은 29.6%였고 TP가 우점종인 가정은 6.9%였다. 지역적으로는 서울. 광주 인천 전주 정주 등지에서는 DF가 우세하였으나 영광 춘천. 부산 영도 등 대기습도가 비교적 높은(> 73% RH) 지역에서는 DP가 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 집먼지진드기의 서식밀도를 보면 집먼지 10g 중 1.000개체 이상인 가정이 2.9%. 500-999 개체의 가정이 4.3%. 100-499개체의 가정이 15.7%였고 99개체 이하의 밀도를 보인 가정이 70.0%를 차지하였으며 전혀 채집되지 않은 가정은 7.1%였다. 아파트와 단독주택. 건물면적 청소횟수. 가족수. 건축년수 등과 집먼지진드기 서식밀도간에는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to formulate the aqueous solution of 1-cyclopent-3-enylmethyl-6(3,5-dimethyl-benzoyl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (CPD), a novel antivirus compound containing pirimidine structure. For this purpose, the effects of various solubilization agents such as cosolvents [ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), glycerin], surfactants (Tween 80, Cremophor$^{(R)}$ RH40, Cremophor$^{(R)}$ EL, Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188) and a complexation agent [hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HPBCD)] , on the solubility of CPD in aqueous solution were evaluated. The solubility of CPD in water was under $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ at $20^{\circ}C$. Cosolvents such as ethanol, PG, PEG 300, PEG 400 and glycerin did not enhance the solubility of CPD at the $0{\sim}40\%$ concentration range. The solubility of CPD was significantly elevated by the addition of cosolvents over the $80\%$ concentration range. On the other hand, tween 80, Cremophor$^{(R)}$ L, Cremophor$^{(R)}$ RH40, and HPBCD showed enhanced effects on the solubility of CPD. The enhanced effects of Poloxamer 407 or Poloxamer 188 on the CPD solubility were less pronounced compared with tween 80, Cremophor$^{(R)}$ L or Cremophor$^{(R)}$ RH40. As a results, tween 80 aqueous solution was selected as an optimum solvent system. The aqueous solutions containing $20\%$ tween 80 were formulated as a dosing solution containing CPD for its intraperitoneal and intrahypodermic administration, respectively, The formular showed physical stability after stored for 7 days at $4^{\circ}C$.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

쌍별귀뚜라미의 먹이 섭식량, 부화기간, 성충사망률, 사육밀도 및 성비에 따른 부화 약충수와 산란경향을 실내사육실($25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, $60{\pm}10%$RH)에서 조사하였다. 사육중인 성충의 사육밀도가 50 ~ 400 개체로 증가할 때 사육밀도에 관계없이 하루에 $0.067{\pm}0.008g$의 사료를 섭식하였고 무는 0.128 ~ 0.068 g을 섭식하여 밀도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 산란된 알은 부화시작 후 6일차까지 95.8%가 부화하였다. 평균 사망률은 사육일수가 증가함에 따라 일차함수로 증가하여 8주차에 93.9%가 사망하였다. 암컷 100개체의 사육밀도일 때 암컷 한 개체당 총 부화 약충수는 $248.8{\pm}17.8$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) 개체로 200 개체일 때의 $172.2{\pm}10.6$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) 개체보다 많았다. 암컷과 수컷의 성비는 부화약충수에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 산란 시작후 일차별로 산란수의 증감이 반복되는 경향을 보였으며 3주차까지 총 산란수의 81.5%를 산란하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.92-92
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• 2002

Considerable attention has been focused on the cryopreservation of semen and estrus induction in dog, as consequence of poor productivity caused by long anestrus period, in order to enhance the productivity of youngs and to preserve the breeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate semen quality after cryopreservation and to evaluate the Pregnancy rate after insemination (AI). Fifty infertilie dogs (age 2∼3 years) were selected for the study and divided into three different estrus induction treatment groups. Group 1: dogs (n=15) were given clomifene (0.1 mg/kg) orally for five days at 12 hr intervals. Group 2: dogs (n=15) were given bromocriptine (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) orally for five days at 12 hr intervals, followed by single injection intravenously of 500 IU GnRH (Group 3, n=20) when pro-estrus occurred. The rates of pregnancy in estrus inducted dogs mated naturally compared to those inseminated artificially with ejaculated fresh semen and frozen-thawed semen. Estrus detection was performed using the method of vaginal smear and confirmed by the plasma progesterone assay. The ejaculated semen to freeze was exposed to a mixture of Tris extender with cryoprotectant (Trisma, 81 mM: TES, 209 mM: citric acid, 6 mM; glucose, 5 mM; glycerol, 8%) and cryopreserved gradually by slow-cooling at 17 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen (LN$_2$) for 23 min. The motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa was assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. To assess their viability and acrosome content, spermatozoa were stained with a vital stain and Fluorescence conjugated lectin Pisum Savitum Agglutinin (FITC/PAS), respectively. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonograpy on day 25, 35 and 55 post insemination. The use of fresh semen, the pregnancy rates were observed 66.6, 66.6, 75.0 and 83.3% in natural estrus, clomifene induced, bromocriptine induced and a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine, respectively. The use of frozen-thawed semen, the pregnancy rates were observed 66.6, 33.3, 50.0 and 60.0% in natural estrus, clomifene induced, bromocriptine induced and a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine, respectively. No difference was observed in the number of offspring produced among natural estrus and treated groups inseminated with fresh or frozen-thawed semen. In conclusion, the pregnancy rate of dogs treated with a combination of GnRH and bromocriptine was more effective than use of clomifene or bromocriptine only. In addition, frozen-thawed semen can be used successfully far artificial insemination in dog.