• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

This paper deals with the natural occurrence of total aflatoxins ($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, and $G_2$) in commercial herbs for food and medicine. To monitor aflatoxins in commercial herbs for food and medicine not included in the specifications of Food Code, a total of 62 samples of 6 different herbs (Bombycis Corpus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Menthae Herba, Nelumbinis Semen, Polygalae Radix, Zizyphi Semen) were collected from Yangnyeong market in Seoul, Korea. The samples were treated by the immunoaffinity column clean-up method and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with on-line post column photochemical derivatization (PHRED) and fluorescence detection (FLD). The analytical method for aflatoxins was validated by accuracy, precision and detection limits. The method showed recovery values in the 86.9~114.0% range and the values of percent coefficient of variaton (CV%) in the 0.9~9.8% range. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) in herb were ranged from 0.020 to $0.363{\mu}g/kg$ and from 0.059 to $1.101{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Of 62 samples analyzed, 6 semens (the original form of 2 Nelumbinis Semen and 2 Zizyphi Semen, the powder of 1 Nelumbinis Semen and 1 Zizyphi Semen) were aflatoxin positive. Aflatoxins $B_1$ or $B_2$ were detected in all positive samples, and the presence of aflatoxins $G_1$ and $G_2$ were not detected. The amount of total aflatoxins ($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, and $G_2$) in the powder and original form of Nelumbinis Semen and Zizyphi Semen were observed around $ND{\sim}21.8{\mu}g/kg$, which is not regulated presently in Korea. The 56 samples presented levels below the limits of detection and quantitation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2019

The present study compared the sensory and physicochemical characterizations of Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma roe according to the L, M, S, 2S, KA, KB, KC, and G grades. The mean weights of the Alaska pollock roe were 81.2 g (74.1-85.7 g) in the L grade, 48.4 g (41.1-54.8 g) in the M grade, 38.6 g (33.5-45.6 g) in the S grade, 29.3 g (25.7-34.2 g) in the 2S grade, 45.7 g (41.4-50.0 g) in the KA grade, 41.4 g (37.7-46.1 g) in the KB grade, 38.3 g (36.0-42.6 g) in the KC grade, and 15.0 g (14.2-15.6 g) in the G grade. The results of the sensory (transparency, physical damage, texture, and odor) and physicochemical (moisture, amino nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen contents, Hunter redness, and texture) evaluations revealed that, in the normal group, the quality of Alaska pollock roe was highest in the L grade followed by the M, S, and 2S grades whereas, in the cut-group order, the quality was highest in the KA grade followed by the KB, KC, and G grades. The present results suggest that the L, M, S, 2S, KA, and KB grades could be used for high-quality Alaska pollock roe products.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the sensory and quality characteristics of Solsulgi containing different ratios of ingredients such as pine leaves power(1, 2, and 3%), sugar, and water. The results of sensory evaluation showed that Solsulgi containing 1% pine leaves powder had the higher scores in overall acceptability, color and flavor preference. In the textural analysis of Solsulgi, the springiness, chewiness, gumminess, and hardness were decreased by adding pine leaves powder. The hunter's color L value of Solsulgi was decreased by the increase of pine leaves powder. The more pine leaves powder was added, the redness and yellowness of Solsulgi were increased. The moisture content of Solsulgi was higher in the samples with 3% pine leaves powder than those with 1 %.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 1996

The biological magnification of Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe in vascular plant, Persicaria thunbergii, Trapa japonica and Nymphoides peltata natually grown at the river and riverside and relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in these vascular plants and in the soil were investigated in the Chonju river, Chonju city. The biological magnification values of these metals in P thunbergii were founded as follows ; Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe were 80.4~254.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 284.6~688.4$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 635.5~1979.4$mu\textrm{g}$/g and 1160.0~3590.9$mu\textrm{g}$/g respectively. In the case of T. japonica, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe were 107.8~306.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 282.7~963.0p$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1328.3~3546.$mu\textrm{g}$/g and 656.8~9944.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g and in N. peltata, 140.1~ 193.9$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 187.7~327.3$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1126.6~1723.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g and 611.7~1914.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g respectively. The amount of the biological magnification of heavy metals in the leaf, stem and root of these plants was generally increased in the sequence of leaf

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2000

For the consideration of phytoremediation, TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ and Pb$^{2+}$ were analysed in the soil of the habitats and the leaf stem and root of Persicaria thunbergii in the different localities of Bong-Dong river In the soil and plant samples of research areas, TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ was not detected but, $Pb^{2+}$ detected as follows; about 7.5~15.5$mu\textrm{g}$/g in the soil of habitats, about 11.7~18.4 $mu\textrm{g}$/g in the leaf, about 7.~15.5$mu\textrm{g}$/g in the stem and about 89.1~193.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/g in the root of P. thunebrgii and the correlation coefficient value between the $Pb^{2+}$ contents in soil and P. thunbergii was 0.814(>t12, 0.01). After P thunbergii was treated with Cd(NO$_3$)$_2$and Pb(NO$_3$)$_2$of 5 and 10mM, the bioaccumulation of TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ in the leaf of plant, the remaining mass of heavy metals and the variation of pH in the soil, and the increasing rate(%) of phytochelatin in plant were examined. The concentrations of TEX>$Cd^{2+}$and $Pb^{2+}$ in the leaf as follows, in the case of TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ about 0.82~2.79$\mu\textrm{g}$/g and in $Pb^{2+}$, about 2.87~8.08$\mu\textrm{g}$/g. The remaining mass of heavy metals and the variation of pH in the cultured soil decreased as follows; about 77.1% and pH6.39 in TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ 5mM, about 90.2% and pH5.79 in TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ 10mM, about 81.1% and pH6.00 in $Pb^{2+}$ 5mM and about 85.7% and pH5.80 in Pb$^{2+}$ 10mM. The phytochelatin were increased in plant samples treated with 10mM Cd(NO$_3$)$_2$and Pb(NO$_3$)$_2$as follows; about 259% by TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ and about 305% by Pb$^{2+}$ be compared with control. and the molecular weight(da) of these phytochelatins were estimated about 4,300~8,600da in the case of the treatment of TEX>$Cd^{2+}$ and about 3,200~9,700 in $Pb^{2+}$./TEX>.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate total sugar intake and sugar intake-related dietary habit and nutrient intake of elementary school students. Methods: Subjects included 701 elementary school students (351 boys and 350 girls) residing in Jeju. The research analyzed a sample and was carried out using the 24 hour recall method and one day consumption of total sugar. Results: The average daily total sugar intake was 55.3 g (male 53.1 g, female 57.6 g). Total sugar intake per meal was 6.3 g (11.4%) from breakfast, 6.9 g (12.5%) from lunch, and 7.2 g (13.0%) from dinner, 34.9 g (63.1%). Major food groups of total sugar were milks (17.04 g), grains and their products (12.79 g), fruits and their products (9.40 g), and sugars and sweets (7.30 g). In analysis of the amount of total sugar consumption from several recipes, much was taken in from dessert and snacks such as dairy products (15.08 g), bread and snacks (6.4 g), beverages (5.5 g), fruits (5.1 g), and ice cakes (4.8 g). Total sugar consumption was high for rices and side dishes such as noodles (5.1 g), stir-fried foods (2.3 g), fried foods (1.4 g), cooked rice with seasoning (1.4 g), and hard-boiled foods (1.1 g). In comparison of total sugar consumption for sugar sources, daily intake of natural sugar, added sugar, and natural and added sugar were 25.8 g, 23.3 g, and 6.2 g, respectively. High sugar intake group, which was over 20% of the energy from total sugar intakes, consumed significantly less Fe, Zn, and niacin than the low sugar intake group, which was below 20%. Conclusion: Total sugar intake of fifth graders of elementary schools on Jeju Island was 55.4 g/day, and it was usually intake from snacks. Therefore, elementary school students need nutritional education for proper selection of better snacks and for reduction of dietary sugar intake.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 1988

A bacterial isolate FRI-33 which produces hydrophillic polysaccharide was identified and its cultural condition was investigated. FRI-33 was identified as Enterobacter agglomerans. The optimum cultural conditions for polysaccharide production were 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH 5.7, using medium composed of glucose 25 g/$\ell$, peptone 2.0 g/$\ell$, yeast extract 0.5 g/$\ell$, KH$_2$PO$_4$ 1.0g/$\ell$, MgSO$_4$.7H$_2$ O 1.0g/$\ell$, CaCO$_3$ 2.5g/$\ell$. The polysaccharide production after 72 hours was 8.41 g/$\ell$. The polysaccharide was composed of galactose (1.0 mole), xylose (1.5 mole), gluconodeltalactone (1.9 mole) and ribose (0.03 mole). The apparent viscosity of 1% polysaccharide solution was 504 mPa.s at 60 rpm and intrinsic viscosity was 45.80 d$\ell$/ g.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.267-271
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• 1992

Present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the cadmium contents of various feedstuffs produced in Chonbuk area. Fifty-five samples were collected from 5 regions. All of the samples were dry-ashed and analyzed for cadmium content using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained were summarized as followed : 1. The cadmium content in $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of agriculture by-products were measured with the following mean values and ranges : soybean pod 3.15${\pm}$0.51(2.40∼3.81), rice bran 2.87${\pm}$0.23(2.50∼3.09), rice straw 1.66${\pm}$0.85(1.08∼3.14), rice hull 0.86${\pm}$0.45(0.41∼1.35). 2. The cadmium content in $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of pasture plants were measured with the following mean values and ranges : kudzu 5.65${\pm}$1.00(4.87∼7.29), sagebrush 4.86${\pm}$1.24(2.89∼6.24), clove, 4.28${\pm}$0.75(2.99∼4.86), lespedeza 3.99${\pm}$1.21(2.38∼4.94), Korean lawn grass 2.24${\pm}$1.04(1.33∼3.44), reed 1.99${\pm}$0.95(0.88∼2.91), cornstalk 1.61${\pm}$0.99(0.38∼3.12). 3. The regional mean values for all kinds of samples were Okgu-gun 3.19${\pm}$2.09$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, Mooju-gun 3.15${\pm}$1.73$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, Wanju-gun 3.05${\pm}$1.76$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, Namwon-gun 2.85${\pm}$1.70$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, Jeongup-gun 2.85${\pm}$1.25$\mu\textrm{g}$/g.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.438-443
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• 2007

This study was done to investigate perchlorate contamination in Nakdong river. The perchlorate was detected in Nakdong river and ranged from ND to $82.1{\mu}g/L$. The highest concentration was observed in Wheguan. The perchlorate concentration was decreased with the down stream of Nakdong river. Three different virgin activated carbons made of each coal(Calgon), coconut(Samchully) and wood(Picabiol) based activated carbon(AC) were tested for an adsorption performance of perchlorate in a continuous adsorption column. Breakthrough behavior was investigated that the breakthrough points of coal, coconut and wood based AC as 2,300 bed volumn(BV), 719 BV and 288 BV respectively. Adsorption capacity(X/M) of real, coconut and wood based AC was observed. The experimental results of adsorption capacity showed that coal based AC was highest$(768.2{\mu}g/g)$, coconut based AC was intermediate$(299{\mu}g/g)$ and wood based AC was lowest$(99.2{\mu}g/g)$. Moreover, carbon usage rates(CURs) for coal, coconut and wood based AC had been shown as 0.71 g/day, 2.16 g/day and 3.45 g/day respectively. The constant characteristic of the system, k of coal, coconut and wood based ACs were found to be 307.2, 102.5 and 94.2, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 1990

The present study was conducted to evaluate agronomic characters of the soybean germplasm which was collected from the sites covering southern parts of Korean peninsula. The total collections of 2748 native soybean varieties were grouped by eight levels of seed weight and the correlation between the seed weight and the other agronomic traits were determined. Seed weight was ranged from 7. 3g to 48. 4g with a great variation and averaged 23. 5g. Seed size of the many local lines were relatively large than that of foreign varieties. Frequency distribution of the germplasm for seed weight were 2.2% in Group 1 (below 10.0g), 14.7% in Group 2 (10.1-15.0g), 11.7% in Group 3 (15.1-20.0g), 26.2% in Group 4 (20.1-25.0g), 30.2% in Group 5 (25.1-30.0g). 10.6% in Group 6 (30.1-35.0g), 3.3% in Group 7 (35.1-40.0g) and 1.1% in Group 8 (over 40.0g). There was positive correlationship between seed weight and maturity or fruiting period, while there was negative correlationship between the seed weight and the other traits such as days to flowering, plant height, and number of nodes and pods. While 100 seed weight of 464 lines (16.9% of total lines) were below 15g, and those are adequate for the bean sprouts. The fruiting period of large seeded lines was longer, however the number of pods per plant of those were less lines than that of small seeded lines.