• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.568-580
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the brain activities by 4-types of Generating Process of Scientific Emotion (GPSE) in the hypothesis-generating biological phenomena by using fMRI. Four-types of GPSE were involved in the Basic Generating Process (BGP), Retrospective Generating Process (RGP), Cognitive Generating Process (CGP) and Attributive Generating Process (AGP). For this study, we made an experimental design capable of validating the 4-types of generating process (e.g. BGP, RGP, CGP and AGP), and then measured BOLD signals of 10 pre-service teachers' brain activities by 3.0T fMRI system. Subjects were 10 healthy females majoring in biology education. As a result, there were clear differences among 4-types of GPSE. Brain areas activated by BGP were at right occipital lobe (BA 17), at left thalamus and left parahippocampal gyrus, while in the case of RGP, at left superior parietal lobe (BA 8, 9), at left pulvinar and left globus pallidus were activated. Brain areas activated by CGP were the right posterior cingulate and left medial frontal gyrus (BA 6). In the case of AGP, the most distinctively activated brain areas were the right medial frontal gyrus (BA 8) and left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40). These results would mean that each of the 4-types of GPSE has a specific neural networks in the brain, respectively. Furthermore, it would provide the basis of brain-based learning in science education.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 1995

A target-sensitive liposome was prepared by using a dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine(DOPE) and a palmitic acid coupled antibody(p-IgG). For the preparation of stable PE-liposomes, the key factors such as antibody modification method with palmitic acrid, molar ratio of p-IgG to lipid and the amount of various additives, were examined. The optimum molar ratio of p-IgG to lipid was found to be $2.5{\times}10^{-4}$ and the final concentration of deoxycholate for the stable liposome formation was about 0.09%. Two kinds of target-sensitive liposomes, containing polyclonal anti-SRBC(Sheep Red Blood Cell)-antibody and monoclonal anti-${\beta}$-HCG(Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)-antibody, were successfully prepared. The destabilization of liposomes was examined by measuring the release of calcein entrapped in the liposome vesicles. Calcein was released only when the liposomes were contacted with the specific target cells. The calcein release with non-specific target cells was negligible. From this result, it is clear that p-IgG is indispensible for the maintenance of stable PE-liposome and the calcein release is mainly due to the specific interactions between the liposomes containing antibody and the target cells containing antigen.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a strain sensor based on a nanoweb by applying electrical conductivity to a polyurethane nanoweb through the use of Graphene. For this purpose, 1% Graphene ink was pour-coated on a polyurethane nanoweb and post-treated with PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) to complete a wearable strain sensor. The surface characteristics of the specimens were evaluated using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) to check whether the conductive material was well coated on the surface of the specimen. Electrical properties of the specimens were measured by using a multimeter to measure the linear resistance of the specimen and comparing how the line resistance changes when 5% and 10% of the specimens are tensioned, respectively. In order to evaluate the performance of the specimen, the gauge factor was obtained. The evaluation of the clothing was performed by attaching the completed strain sensor to the dummy and measuring the respiration signal according to the tension using MP150 (Biopac system Inc., USA) and Acqknowledge (ver. 4.2, Biopac system Inc., U.S.A.). As a result of the evaluation of the surface characteristics, it was confirmed that all the conductive nanoweb specimen were uniformly coated with the Graphen ink. As a result of measuring the resistance value according to the tensile strength, the specimen G, which was treated with just graphene had the lowest resistance value, the specimen G-H had the highest resistance value, and the change of the line resistance value of the specimen G and the specimen G-H is increased to 5% It is found that it increases steadily. Unlike the resistance value results, specimen G showed a higher gauge rate than specimen G-H. As a result of evaluation of the actual clothes, the strain sensor made using the specimen G-H measured the stable peak value and obtained a signal of good quality. Therefore, we confirmed that the polyurethane nanoweb treated with Graphene ink plays a role as a breathing sensor.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

This study was performed to analyze the physical attributes of the faces and affective words on the fares. For analyzing physical attributes inside of a face, 36 facial features were selected and almost of them were the lengths or distance values. For analyzing facial contour 14 points were selected and the lengths from nose-end to them were measured. The values of these features except ratio values normalized by facial vortical length or facial horizontal length because the face size of each person is different. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed and four major factors were extracted: 'facial contour' component, 'vortical length of eye' component, 'facial width' component, 'eyebrow region' component. We supposed the five-dimensional imaginary space of faces using factor scores of PCA, and selected representative faces evenly in this space. On the other hand, the affective words on faces were collected from magazines and through surveys. The factor analysis and multidimensional scaling method were performed and two orthogonal dimensions for the affections on faces were suggested: babyish-mature and sharp-soft.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 2017

The ultimate purpose of psychotherapy is to identify covert causes of a psychological problem and then to modify and change the causes. The goal of this study is also to make contribution to SNS addiction intervention program development through exploring the covert causes of SNS addiction which recently became social issue. Previous research identified such overt causes of SNS addiction as maladaptive self-concept (e.g., low self-esteem), maladaptive personality (e.g., strong narcissism) and strong negative emotions (e.g., high level of anxiety). Based on previous research, the study explored early maladaptive schema (i.e., cognitive dimension) and emotion dysregulation (i.e., emotional dimension) as the covert causes of SNS addiction and conceptually developed psychological maladaptive mechanism of 'early maladaptive schema ${\rightarrow}$ emotion dysregulation ${\rightarrow}$ SNS addiction.' As a result of a survey with respondents in their 20's who are at high risk for SNS addiction, the mechanism was confirmed for females. However, a significant relationship of 'early maladaptive schema ${\rightarrow}$ SNS addiction' was found for males. The findings offer an implication that interventions of early maladaptive schema for males and females in their 20's and interventions of emotion dysregulation for females in their 20's can fundamentally help cure their SNS addiction.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.363-376
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to investigate the property of sensibility of silk fabrics by the linen-like finishing-used polyurethane resin. Subjective evaluations of preference and related sensory descriptors were estimated. Also, related physical and psychological variables were measured. And their correlations were investigated. The value of EM, WT, WC, MIU, and qmax of silk fabrics treated with polyurethane resin decreased and LT, B, 2HB, G, 2HG, 2HG5, and SMD increased. Physical variables which affected on the preference of summer fabrics are B, 2HB, G, 2HG5, qmax, MIU and LT. It was confirmed that silk fabrics treated with polyurethane resin were preferred as a summer fabric. Individual sensibilities that had effects on the preference of summer fabrics were softness including rough and cold. The intensities of weight value on sensory descriptors, which were related with the preference in summer environments, were in following orders: cold, rough, slippery, flexible, stiff and damp. There was no relationship between the subjective evaluation of preference and related sensory descriptors on the fabric and comfort sensation of fabric was derived from psychological variables

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2019

This study evaluated acute nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3-N$) toxicity in juvenile blackhead seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Seventy juveniles (Trial A, $7.1{\pm}0.6g$) and nine juveniles (Trial B, $71.3{\pm}3.5g$) per 70 L tank were exposed to $NO_3-N$ concentrations of 0, 500, 1500, 2500, 3500, and 4500 mg/L and 0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, and 3000 mg/L, respectively, in triplicate for 7 days. In Trial A, all fish exposed to 3500 and $4500mg\;NO_3-N/L$ died within 48 h; in Trial B, all fish exposed to $3000\;NO_3-N/L$ died after 120 h. The $96\;LC_{50}$ and $168\;LC_{50}$ were 2505 and $1806mg\;NO_3-N/L$, respectively, in Trial A, and 2663 and $2377mg\;NO_3-N/L$ in Trial B. Large juveniles were more resistant to $NO_3-N$ than small juveniles. The results of acute $NO_3-N$ toxicity studies provide important data for subsequent chronic toxicity studies.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-52
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• 2018

This study performs social network analysis based on consumer sentiment related to a location in Seoul using data reflecting consumers' web search activities and emotional evaluations associated with commerce. The study focuses on large commercial districts in Seoul. In addition, to consider their various aspects, social network indexes were combined with the trading area's public data to verify factors affecting the area's sales. According to R square's change, We can see that the model has a little high R square value even though it includes only the district's public data represented by static data. However, the present study confirmed that the R square of the model combined with the network index derived from the social network analysis was even improved much more. A regression analysis of the trading area's public data showed that the five factors of 'number of market district,' 'residential area per person,' 'satisfaction of residential environment,' 'rate of change of trade,' and 'survival rate over 3 years' among twenty two variables. The study confirmed a significant influence on the sales of the trading area. According to the results, 'residential area per person' has the highest standardized beta value. Therefore, 'residential area per person' has the strongest influence on commercial sales. In addition, 'residential area per person,' 'number of market district,' and 'survival rate over 3 years' were found to have positive effects on the sales of all trading area. Thus, as the number of market districts in the trading area increases, residential area per person increases, and as the survival rate over 3 years of each store in the trading area increases, sales increase. On the other hand, 'satisfaction of residential environment' and 'rate of change of trade' were found to have a negative effect on sales. In the case of 'satisfaction of residential environment,' sales increase when the satisfaction level is low. Therefore, as consumer dissatisfaction with the residential environment increases, sales increase. The 'rate of change of trade' shows that sales increase with the decreasing acceleration of transaction frequency. According to the social network analysis, of the 25 regional trading areas in Seoul, Yangcheon-gu has the highest degree of connection. In other words, it has common sentiments with many other trading areas. On the other hand, Nowon-gu and Jungrang-gu have the lowest degree of connection. In other words, they have relatively distinct sentiments from other trading areas. The social network indexes used in the combination model are 'density of ego network,' 'degree centrality,' 'closeness centrality,' 'betweenness centrality,' and 'eigenvector centrality.' The combined model analysis confirmed that the degree centrality and eigenvector centrality of the social network index have a significant influence on sales and the highest influence in the model. 'Degree centrality' has a negative effect on the sales of the districts. This implies that sales decrease when holding various sentiments of other trading area, which conflicts with general social myths. However, this result can be interpreted to mean that if a trading area has low 'degree centrality,' it delivers unique and special sentiments to consumers. The findings of this study can also be interpreted to mean that sales can be increased if the trading area increases consumer recognition by forming a unique sentiment and city atmosphere that distinguish it from other trading areas. On the other hand, 'eigenvector centrality' has the greatest effect on sales in the combined model. In addition, the results confirmed a positive effect on sales. This finding shows that sales increase when a trading area is connected to others with stronger centrality than when it has common sentiments with others. This study can be used as an empirical basis for establishing and implementing a city and trading area strategy plan considering consumers' desired sentiments. In addition, we expect to provide entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs entering the trading area with sentiments possessed by those in the trading area and directions into the trading area considering the district-sentiment structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.183-185
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• 2009

As imaging technology develops, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have contributed to the understanding of brain function by providing anatomical structure of the brain and functional imaging related to information processing. Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) techniques can provide useful information about functions of the nervous system. However, systematic studies regarding information processing of pain have not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to detect brain activation during painful electrical stimulation using MEMRI with high spatial resolution. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were divided into 3 groups: normal control, sham stimulation, and electric stimulation. Rats were anesthetized with 2.5% isoflurane for surgery. Polyethylene catheter (PE-10) was placed in the external carotid artery to administrate mannitol and MnCl2. The blood brain barrier (BBB) was broken by 20% D-mannitol under anesthesia mixed with urethane and a-chloralose. The hind limb was electrically stimulated with a 2Hz (10V) frequency while MnCl2 was infused. Brain activation induced by electrical stimulation was detected using a 4.7 T MRI. Remarkable signal enhancement was observed in the primary sensory that corresponds to sensory tactile stimulation at the hind limb region. These results suggest that signal enhancement is related to functional activation following electrical stimulation of the peripheral receptive field.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2017

In hypothesis testing, the interpretation of a statistic obtained from the data analysis relies on a probabilistic distribution of the statistic constructed according to several statistical theories. For instance, the statistical significance of a mean difference between experimental conditions is determined according to a probabilistic distribution of the mean differences (e.g., Student's t) constructed under several theoretical assumptions for population characteristics. The present study explored the logic and advantages of random-resampling approach for analyzing event-related potentials (ERPs) where a hypothesis is tested according to the distribution of empirical statistics that is constructed based on randomly resampled dataset of real measures rather than a theoretical distribution of the statistics. To motivate ERP researchers' understanding of the random-resampling approach, the present study further introduced a specific example of data analyses where a random-permutation procedure was applied according to the random-resampling principle, as well as discussing several cautions ahead of its practical application to ERP data analyses.