• Mycobiology
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.345-356
• /
• 2022

The fungal distribution, diversity, and load were analyzed in the geographically segregated island groundwater systems in Korea. A total of 79 fungal isolates were secured from seven islands and identified based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. They belonged to three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chlorophyta), five classes, sixteen orders, twenty-two families, and thirty-one genera. The dominant phylum was Ascomycota (91.1%), with most fungi belonging to the Cladosporium (21.5%), Aspergillus (15.2%), and Stachybotrys (8.9%) genera. Cladosporium showed higher dominance and diversity, being widely distributed throughout the geographically segregated groundwater systems. Based on the diversity indices, the genera richness (4.821) and diversity (2.550) were the highest in the groundwater system of the largest scale. As turbidity (0.064-0.462) increased, the overall fungal count increased and the residual chlorine (0.089-0.308) had low relevance compared with the total count and fungal diversity. Cladosporium showed normal mycelial growth in de-chlorinated sterilized samples. Overall, if turbidity increases under higher fungal diversity, bio-deterioration in groundwater-supplying facilities and public health problems could be intensified, regardless of chlorine treatment. In addition to fungal indicators and analyzing methods, physical hydrostatic treatment is necessary for monitoring and controlling fungal contamination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 1988

This study reports light and electron microscope examination of rumen fungal colonization of alkali-treated roughage feeds incubated in decron bags in the rumen of cannulated sheep for varying time intervals. Six roughages, pre-treated with ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide at 4% (w/w) level were examined together with untreated control samples. Alkali pre-treatment was associated with an earlier and more pronounced fungal colonization than all control roughages. Sodium hydroxide pre-treatment was significantly more effective than ammonium hydroxide in improving the susceptibility of roughages to rumen fungal colonization and studies by SEM showed that the pre-treatment permitted greater penetration of feeds by fungi. Sodium hydroxide pre-treatment also significantly increased dry matter disappearance from feed held in Dacron bags in the rumen with all feeds except Lucerne stem. It is not known to what extent fungal activity contributed to increased breakdown of the feeds.

• 대한관절경학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.180-184
• /
• 2012

진균에 의한 감염성 관절염은 면역 억제 치료자, 약물 남용자, 장기간의 항생제 투여자 등에서 발생하는 드문 질환으로 특히 건강한 성인에서의 감염은 매우 드물다. 진균에 의한 슬관절의 감염성 관절염은 국내에서 2예의 보고가 있으나, 건강한 성인에서 발생한 진균성 슬관절염은 아직 보고된 바가 없는 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 건강한 성인에서 반복적인 관절 내 스테로이드 주사 후 발생한 진균성 관절염 및 이와 동반한 슬와낭종의 관절경적 치료를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 진균성 슬관절염은 특징적인 임상상이 없는 드문 질환으로, 진단에 있어 어려움이 있으므로 면밀한 관찰과 주의를 요한다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.276-280
• /
• 2023

Fungal thrombophlebitis of the central vein is a rare, life-threatening disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It requires immediate central venous catheter removal and intravenous antifungal therapy, combined in some cases with either anticoagulation or aggressive surgical debridement. A 70-year-old male patient injured by a falling object weighing 1,000 kg was transferred to our hospital. A contained rupture of the abdominal aorta with retroperitoneal hematoma was treated with primary aortic repair, and a small bowel perforation with mesenteric laceration was treated with resection and anastomosis. After a computed tomography scan, the patient was diagnosed with thrombophlebitis of the left internal jugular vein and brachiocephalic vein. Despite antifungal treatment, fever and candidemia persisted. Therefore, emergency debridement and thrombectomy were performed. After the operation, the patient was treated with an oral antifungal agent and direct oral anticoagulants. During a 1-year follow-up, no signs of candidemia relapse were observed. There is no optimal timing of surgical treatment for relapsed fungal central thrombophlebitis. Surgical treatment should be considered for early recovery.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.475-486
• /
• 2022

The antifungal activity of thymol against Aspergillus awamori F23 and Botrytis aclada F15 in onions was examined through direct treatment with amended media and gaseous treatment with I-plates (plastic plates containing central partitions). The protective and curative control efficacy of thymol was examined 24 h before and after the inoculation of onion bulbs with the fungal isolates. Mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination of the isolates were inhibited on potato dextrose agar amended with various concentrations of thymol or acetic acid (positive control). Overall, thymol produced a stronger inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and development of the isolates than acetic acid. Following gaseous treatment in I-plates, mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination of the isolates were inhibited at higher concentrations of thymol or acetic acid; however, acetic acid showed a little effect on the sporulation and spore germination of the isolates. Following the treatment of onion bulbs with 1000 mg L^-1 of thymol 24 h before and after fungal inoculation, lesion diameter was greatly reduced compared with that following treatment with 0.5% ethanol (solvent control). Onion bulbs sprayed with thymol 24 h before fungal inoculation generally showed reduced lesion diameters by isolate F23 but not in isolate F15 compared with those sprayed 24 h after fungal inoculation. Collectively, thymol effectively inhibited the growth and development of A. awamori and B. aclada on amended media and in I-plates. In addition, spraying or fumigation of thymol is more desirable for effectively controlling these postharvest fungal pathogens during long-term storage conditions.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.288-291
• /
• 2023

This case report describes our treatment of a persistent periantral abscess in a 35-year-old woman. The abscess developed following a zygoma-reduction surgery, during which a preexisting fungal ball had not been addressed. Our comprehensive treatment approach included functional endoscopic sinus surgery, fungal ball removal, abscess drainage, and debridement. Two weeks postoperatively, the patient's symptoms had resolved. A 6-month postoperative follow-up revealed no signs of recurrence or complications, and the patient reported satisfactory functional and aesthetic results. This case underscores the importance of thorough preoperative evaluations and raises awareness about the potential risks of untreated asymptomatic pathologies, which can potentially progress and lead to further complications.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 라디에타소나무 제재목의 균 변색을 제거하기 위한 표백처리의 사용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 염소계 표백제인 아염소산나트륨과 차아염소산나트륨은 표백조건(약제농도, 처리온도, 처리시간)의 조절에 따라 만족할만한 변색제거 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 비염소계 표백제인 과산화수소는 표백조건의 조절만으로는 변색제거가 불가능하였으나 규산나트륨과 수산화나트륨을 활성제로 첨가하는 경우에는 염소계 표백제보다 탁월한 변색제거 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 활성제 첨가에 따라 재색의 녹색화 문제가 발생하였는데, 앞으로 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 앞으로 본 연구를 통해 개발된 변색제거 방법의 현장 적용을 위한 후속 연구도 필요하다고 본다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2010

Past decade systemic mycoses caused by opportunistic human fungal pathogens, including Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus, have been a growing problem for both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Particularly, Cryptococcus neoformans has recently emerged as a major fungal pathogen, which can cause fungal pneumonia and meningitis that are lethal if not timely medicated. However, treatment for cryptococcosis has been difficult due to a lack of proper anti-cryptococcal drugs with fungicidal activity and less toxicity. In this review we introduced novel therapeutic methods for treating cryptococcosis by exploring pathogenomic signa1ing networks of C. neoformans with genome-wide transcriptome approaches as well as diverse molecular/genetic tools.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.258-263
• /
• 2004

Ripe fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum) showed resistance to Colletotrichum gloeoporioides, but unripe fruit was susceptible. We previously isolated the PepTLP gene that induced in both unripe and ripe fruit by fungal infection and wound, and only in ripe fruit by jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. To examine further regulation of PepTLP, the action of specific agonist and antagonists of known signaling effector on the .PepTLP expression by fungal infection, wound, and JA was investigated. A similar dephosphorylation event negatively activated all the PepTLP expression in the ripe fruit by fungal infection, wound, and JA. The induction of PepTLP expression by wound is differentially regulated via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation step during pre- and post-ripening, respectively. In addition, the induction of PepTLP expression in the ripe fruit by wound and JA is differentially regulated via dephosphorylation and phosphorylation step, respectively. Only both wound and JA treatment has synergistic effect on the PepTLP expression in the unripe fruit. Both SA and JA treatments on the unripe fruit, and both wound or JA and SA on the ripe fruit could not do any effect on the expression of PepTLP. These results suggest that the induction of PepTLP expression is differentially regulated via complex regulatory system against fungal infection, wound, and JA treatment during pre- and post-ripening of pepper fruit.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2018

To know if small changes in rearing water temperature and density affect the number of bacterial and fungal colonies in metamorphosed frogs, Dybowski's frog tadpoles were reared from Gosner 25-26 stages at either low ($1^{\circ}C$ low to ambient water temperature), ambient, or high ($1^{\circ}C$ high) water temperature (each 15 tadpoles in 20 L water) condition and at either low (10 tadpoles/20 L water), medium (20 tadpoles), or high (30 tadpoles) density condition. Immediately after metamorphosis, we sampled bacteria and fungi from skin, liver, and heart of six metamorphosed frogs, randomly selected for each treatment group. After separate incubation of bacteria and fungi on 3M Petrifilm plates, we counted the number of bacterial and fungal colonies appeared on the plates and compared the numbers among the temperature and density treatment groups. For temperature treatment, high-temperature group had fewer bacterial colonies, while low-temperature group had more fungal colonies than the other two groups. For density treatment, low-density group had fewer bacterial colonies than the other two groups, but the number of fungal colonies were not different among the groups. Our results suggest that small increased rearing water temperature and lowered rearing density could potentially reduce pathogens in farming frogs.