• Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-91
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the phonetic characteristics of the 'focus' phrases associated with the particle '-man' in Korean. The particle '-man' is a bound morpheme which, like other postpositions such as the subject marker '-ka' and the object marker '-lil', the so-called 'case markers' in Korean, typically attaches to a noun (phrase). The semantics of '-man' roughly corresponds to that of only, its counterpart in English, and is thus classified as a 'delimiter' (Yang 1973). It is assumed in this paper that '-man', like only in English, should have a 'focus' associated with it (von Stechow 1991, Rooth 1992). In general, '-man' attached phrases get the focus, but sometimes the association is not clear-cut, especially in the cases of emphatic use of '-man' or when the context strongly favors other phrase as the focus (Choe 1996). In this paper, we compare the phonetic characteristics of the '-man' marked phrases with those to which '-ka'/'-lil' is attached, and conclude that the focused '-man' phrases show higher fundamental frequencies than their equally focused 'case' -marked counterparts. However, when the context clearly forces the focus to fall on phrases other than the '-man' or '-ka'/'-lil' attached ones, there is no meaningful difference in fundamental frequency between the '-man' and '-ka'/'-lil' attached phrases. We also compare the phonetic characteristics of the regular use of '-man' with those of the emphatic '-man'. According to our experiments, the emphatic '-man' does not bring forth its phonetic effects, namely, higher fundamental frequencies, on the' -man' attached words or phrases but rather in various other ways such as higher fundamental frequencies in '-man', lengthening of the following word-initial syllable, or the inclusion of the following word in the same accentual phrase. Finally, it is claimed that '-man' associated focus phenomena, especially the emphatic use of '-man', show some typical acoustic characteristics of the other well-known focus phenomena, namely, wh-interrogatives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1361-1364
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• 2004

There is a need for fundamental understanding of biotribological characteristics of various biomaterials sliding against biological materials in order to develop a moving mechanism of medical microsystems having high energy efficiency. A special experimental equipment was designed and built to study the frictional behavior of various biomaterials sliding against a small intestine specimen of a pig. Friction experiments for six biomaterials were performed. Particularly, the effects of load and speed on frictional behavior were investigated. The results of this work will aid in the development of the actuator for a self-propelling micro-endoscope.

• 전기의세계
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 1977

With the equivalent series circuit analyzed aby revolving field theory and drawn by using the equivalent circuit constant ratios in capacitor motor with windings not in quadrature having space harmonics in its magnetic field (the above ratios are the equivalent circuit constants for the fundamental flux to the magnetizing reactance of the circuit), the equation for the alternating torque with twice line freequency in the motor is directly derived, and the alternating torque is measured with the self-made stator vibration angle amplitude measuring apparatus that is composed of a pickup, filter, photoelectric pickoff etc. The measured values satisfactorily compared with computed values. The properties of the alternating torque characteristics for respective harmonic fluxes and the r5esultant alternating torque characteristic, the effects of the alternating torque characteristics for respective harmonic fluxes on the resultant alternating torque characteristic, the effects of the variation in the motor constants and the equivalent circuit constant ratios for the fundamental flux on the alternating torque characteristics for respective harmonic fluxes and the resultant alternating torque characteristic, are made clear, applying the equation. There exist the optimum values of the motor constants and the equivalent circuit constant ratios for the fundamental flux for decreasing the alternating torque, and the value could be determined in design by the method presented in this paper.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.105-108
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of auditory feedback on fundamental frequencies in prelingulally deaf children. Participants totaled three groups of sixty children: deaf children with cochlear implantation(CI), deaf children with hearing aids (HA), and children with normal hearing(NH). Fundamental frequencies were measured during sustained phonation of /a/. There were statistically significant differences of fundamental frequencies across the groups(p<.01). In post hoc analysis, HA and NH group showed statistically significant differences, but CI group didn't. In correlation analysis between Fo and the chronological age, there were significant negative tendencies in CI and NH group, but not in HA group. The characteristics of fundamental frequencies in CI group were found similar to NH group than HA group in this study. This could be understood as the effect of relatively sufficient auditory feedback after cochlear implantation.

• MALSORI
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• no.57
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• pp.73-84
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to explore the acoustic characteristics of sexy voice. In this study, we measured acoustic parameters (fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and nasalance) of a sustained vowel sound produced by 40 actors (20 males and 20 females) and 40 non-actors (20 males and 20 females). Digital audio recordings were made in the sustained vowel |a| for acoustic analyses using Praat (version 4.1.9) and Nasal View (version 4.5). Twenty voice pathologists participated in the listening experiment and judged the degree of sexiness on a 7-point scale. The results showed that fundamental frequency, shimmer and nasalance had significant differences between actors and non-actors. The acoustic parameters of sexy voice matched perceptual aspects of a previous study: Low fundamental frequency-low pitch and high shimmer-husky voice. On the other hand, the nasalance score did not match that of the previous study: Decreased nasalance had a higher score on sexiness scale judged by the listeners. It would be desirable to study the voice quality by analyzing and controlling more acoustic and auditory parameters for practical applications in the future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.301-312
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• 2009

This paper presents a theoretical approach to calculate the resonant frequency of a thickness vibration mode in the radial direction for a 1-3 piezoelectric composite transducer of circular arch shape. For the composite transducer composed of a piezoelectric ceramic and a polymer, vibration parameters were derived according to the volume ratio of a ceramic, and a vibration characteristic equation was derived from the piezoelectric governing equations with adequate boundary conditions. The fundamental resonant frequencies were calculated numerically and verified by comparing them with those obtained from the finite element analysis and the experiment. The volume ratio and the thickness are more substantial than the curvature radius to determine the fundamental resonant characteristics, and the fundamental resonant frequency becomes higher for the larger volume ratio of the piezoelectric ceramic and for the smaller thickness.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07a
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• pp.52-54
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• 1994

To demonstrate the applicability of super-conductors to electric power machines, the authors made and tested a small single-phase superconducting transformer. The aim of the study was to determine the fundamental properties of superconducting trans former. Therefore the superconducting transformer has a simple structure, i.e. the high voltage to low one ratio is 2:1 and the iron core is immersed in liquid helium. Fundamental characteristics are obtained through no-load and short-circuit tests. In this paper, the experimental results are described.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.107-118
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• 2015

Today, The representation of the modern space is experimented with shape and surface of the de-structural point of view to make architecture and space, in terms of not being able to make defined by single regulation. However, it can correspond to the rapidly changing modern, but it is easy to fade of architecture fundamental meaning. Along with the need for the rise of the construction of fundamental space, should be built a 'tectonic' spatial, which is said to be building of logos. Tectonic, as norms for expressing the fundamental meaning of architecture, as to expression of construction, be unfolded with dualism such as science and art, technology and express, structure and formation, and it was introduced into the architecture through the construction expression of space that was a tectonic discussion of 19c german architects. On the other hand Constructivism which is avant-garde formative movement with Russia revolution, constructed 'sculpture' with the formative principles as tectonic. Tectonic's Formative characteristics can draw a conclusion with of tectonic characteristics of constructivism sculpture, space of logos will be realized through its study. Other hand, The pavilion, as symbol space, can be analyzed by tectonic properties, Pavilion, meaning the space is expressed in a variety of tectonic expression. As tectonic construction, fundamental ideology and symbolization of space is revealed metaphorically and visually.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.1617-1628
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• 2017

In the passive residual heat removal system of a molten salt reactor, one of the residual heat removal methods is to use the thimble-type heat transfer elements of the drain salt tank to remove the residual heat of fuel salts. An experimental loop is designed and built with a single heat transfer element to analyze the heat transfer and flow characteristics. In this research, the influence of the size of a three-layer thimble-type heat transfer element on the heat transfer rate is analyzed. Two methods are used to obtain the heat transfer rate, and a difference of results between methods is approximately 5%. The gas gap width between the thimble and the bayonet has a large effect on the heat transfer rate. As the gas gap width increases from 1.0 mm to 11.0 mm, the heat transfer rate decreases from 5.2 kW to 1.6 kW. In addition, a natural circulation startup process is described in this paper. Finally, flashing natural circulation instability has been observed in this thimble-type heat transfer element.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of impact conditions on the acoustic characteristics of a watermelon. The study was crucial to develop a device for nondestructive internal quality evaluation of a watermelon by an acoustic impulse response method. An impact device was constructed with a pendulum to hit the watermelon, a microphone to detect the acoustic impulse responses, and a digital oscilloscope and computer to store and analyze the data. The selected samples were Guemcheon cultivar watermelons(Citrulus Vulgaris Schrad) harvested on Oct. 20,1998. Sixty watermelons were tested on flour different types of sample holders, with four kinds of ball made of different materials, at four bevels of the angular position of the pendulum and distance from the watermelon to the microphone. Since the magnitudes of frequencies obtained by hitting with the steel and rubber ball were relatively small at the bandwidths of above 500 Hz, it was shown that the steel and rubber ball were not suitable far a hitting ball in the pendulum to get informations on internal quality of the watermelon. In case of using broth of the wood and acryl ball, almost the same and good acoustic responses were shown on the wide range of frequency bandwidth. Therefore, it seemed that the acryl ball was more suitable to the test than the wood ball in considering its mechanical properties. The acoustic characteristics of the watermelon were not shown a significant difference between the types of sample holder. The amplitudes of the acoustic signals and the magnitudes of frequencies from the whole samples increased with increase of the angular position of pendulum and with decrease of the distance from the watermelon to the microphone. However, the resonance resonance of the sample were almost the same regardless of the angular positions and the distances.