• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 1978

In this study, concept centered approach and process centered approach in developing integrated science curriculum were compared and compromised between two approaches. It seems that two approaches are in antagonistic relations. The superficial conflictions getween two approaches are not because they are antagonistic in their nature, but because their interesting points are different. The concept centered approahc is interest in fundamental scientific concepts and the process centered approach is interested in scientific enquiry. If science is the composition of enquiry processes and concepts produced by enquiry processes, scientific enquiry process and scientific concept must not be inconsistant. Although concepts are not unchangeable, new concepts and advanced concepts are based on the old concepts. Enquiry activity which is not based on concepts also cannot be significant enquiry. Although fundamental concepts in science is very important, in order to apply concepts to varios phenomena, and to understand concepts more deeply the student should understand concept through the process by which the concepts are derived. As we have discussed above, only the concept centered approach or the process centered approach itself is not complete. Comparing these two uncomplete approaches to integrated science curriculum, we can find out that two approaches are in complementary relations. Because integrated science is based on the idea that natural phenomena should not be understood in fragments, but should be understood as mutually related system' the integrated science curriculum includes both the fundamental scientific concepts and scientific enquiry processes.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.207-239
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• 2013

This research is a study on student's understanding fundamental concepts of mathematical curriculum, especially in geometry domain. The goal of researching is to analyze student's concepts about that domain and get the mathematical teaching methods. We developed various questions of descriptive assessment. Then we set up the term, procedure of research for the understanding student's knowledge of geometric figures. And we analyze the student's understanding extent through investigating questions of descriptive assessment. In this research, we concluded that most of students are having difficulty with defining the fundamental concepts of mathematics, especially in geometry. Almost all the students defined the fundamental conceptions of mathematics obscurely and sometimes even missed indispensable properties. And they can't distinguish between concept definition and concept image. Prior to this study, we couldn't identify this problem. Here are some suggestions. First, take time to reflect on your previous mathematics method. And then compile some well-selected questions of descriptive assessment that tell us more about student's understanding in geometric concepts.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.230-241
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• 2010

In the present paper we introduce and study fundamental concepts in the framework of L-fuzzifying topology(so called(2,L)-fuzzy topology)as L-concepts where L is a complete residuated lattice. The concepts of (2,L)-derived, (2,L)-closure, (2,L)-interior, (2,L)-exterior and (2,L)-boundary operators are studied and some results on above concepts are obtained. Also, the concepts of an L-convergence of nets and an L-convergence of filters are introduced and some important results are obtained. Furthermore, we introduce and study bases and subbases in (2,L)-topology. As applications of our work the corresponding results(see[10-11]) are generalized and new consequences are obtained.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2008

Digital signal processing (DSP) is the process of taking a signal and performing an algorithm on it to analyze, modify, or better identify that signal.[1] To take advantage of DSP advances, one must have at least a basic understanding of DSP theory along with an understanding of the hardware architecture designed to support these new advances. There are several programming techniques that maximize the efficiency of the DSP hardware, as well as a few fundamental concepts used to implement DSP software. This article introduced some of these underlying functions that are the building blocks of complex signal processing functions, and It will touch on the fundamental concepts of DSP theory and algorithms and also provide an overview of the implementation and optimization of DSP software, and discuss the development of DSP.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 싱가포르 과학교육과정의 주제(theme)와 캐나다 온타리오 주의 과학과 기술 교육과정에 제시되어 있는 본질적 개념(fundamental concepts), 미국의 과학교육내용표준(NGSS, Next Generation Science Standards)에 제시되어 있는 학문 간 교차개념(crosscutting concepts)을 살펴보고, 통합개념과 관련된 각 국의 성취목표에 어떤 과학 내용 요소들이 포함되어 있으며, 학년 별로 어떻게 구성되어 있는지 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 각 국에서 제시하고 있는 통합개념은 그 나라 교육과정의 특성을 반영하며, 통합개념의 특성에 따라 통합개념에 포함되는 과학 내용 요소들은 달라질 수 있다는 것과 학년 별로 제시되는 통합개념에는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 통합개념을 중심으로 통합교육과정을 설계할 때 고려해야 하는 몇 가지 사항을 다음과 같이 제안할 수 있다. 주요 과학 내용을 포함해야 하는 통합개념의 수는 적정하게 선정되어야 하며, 통합개념이 의미하는 바를 명확히 규정하고 해당 통합개념에 어떤 분과적인 내용 요소들이 포함될 수 있는지 신중하게 검토하면서 통합개념을 선정하는 과정이 필요하다. 또한 모든 통합개념이 모든 학년에서 고르게 다루어지는 것이 바람직한지, 또는 특정 통합개념이 특정 학년에서 집중적으로 다루어지는 것이 필요한지 등을 숙고하여 내용을 선정하고 조직하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to propose the developmental direction of study related to nursing practice education by grasping the trend of study in fundamental and clinical practice. Method: A total of 48 research articles which were published on nursing practice education in Korea from 2002 to 2009 were analyzed with structured analysis forms. Result: Most research was related to clinical practice (n=40). A high percentage of non-experimental research design was related to fundamental practice (75%) and clinical practice (65%). Qualitative research was only used in clinical practice (n=8). Nursing students were predominantly selected as an object of research in fundamental practice (n=6) and clinical practice (n=32). In addition, many of the areas in clinical practice were a general clinical setting without any classification of the specific area. The concepts of research in fundamental practice were related to competency in basic nursing skill and most concepts of research in clinical practice were associated with satisfaction, stress, experience, critical thinking and problem solving ability of the nursing student. Conclusion: There's something to be desired in nursing research related to instructor methods, teaching-learning methods and nursing education programs. Therefore, more specific and continuous research focused on these topics to improve clinical nursing competence of the nursing student is needed.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제16권 제1호
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• pp.3-6
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• 2006

Methods for risk engineering is a bundle of engineering tools including fundamental concepts and approaches of soft computing with application to real issues of risk management. In this talk fundamental concepts and soft computing approaches of risk engineering will be introduced. As the term of risk implies both advantageous and hazardous uncertainty in its origins, a fundamental theory to describe uncertainties is introduced that includes traditional probability and statistical models, fuzzy systems, as well as less popular modal logic. In particular, modal logic capabilities to express various kinds of uncertainties are emphasized and relations with rough sets and evidence theory are described. Another topic is data mining related to problems in risk management. Some risk mining techniques including fuzzy clustering are introduced and a recently developed algorithm is overviewed. A numerical example is shown.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 과학과 교육과정의 핵심 개념을 국가별로 비교하여 우리나라의 핵심 개념 제시 방안을 탐색하였다. 최근 개정된 미국, 캐나다, 호주, 영국의 교과별 교육과정 문서를 살펴보면 Key ideas, Big ideas, Key concepts, Disciplinary core ideas, Fundamental concepts 등과 같은 용어를 새롭게 도입하면서 해당 개념의 의미, 역할 등을 상세히 기술하며 이를 다양한 방식으로 사용하여 과학교과의 내용을 구조화하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 분석 대상국의 핵심 개념을 다루는 용어의 의미와 위상, 역할을 용례를 통해 분석하여 이를 통해 우리나라의 핵심 개념 제시 방안을 검토해보았다. 비교 대상국의 과학과 핵심 개념의 의미를 비교해본 결과 4개국 모두 교과의 내용을 다루는 개념뿐 아니라 간학문적 통합 개념을 설정하여 사용하고 있었고, 분석 대상 국가 모두에서 해당 개념들이 상당한 위상을 가지고 교육과정 문서에 사용되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 분석 대상 국가인 미국, 캐나다, 호주, 영국에서 핵심개념은 그 내용과 의미가 유사한 경우에도 국가에 따라 역할로서 중시하는 면에는 차이가 있었으며, 과학과 교육과정을 구조화하는 방식은 다양하지만 이 구조화에서 핵심개념이 중요한 역할을 수행하는 공통점을 가지고 있었다. 핵심개념은 학문 및 학년을 연결하는 역할을 할 수도 있으며, 과학 지식 획득의 틀(framework)로 작용하기도 한다. 또한, 핵심 개념이 미국처럼 성취 기준을 제시하는 방식으로 구조화될 수도 있으며, 캐나다 온타리오의 경우와 같이 단원마다의 목표로 구조화될 수도 있다. 이를 통해 볼 때 우리 나라 또한 우리 과학교육의 맥락에 맞는 간학문적 통합 개념을 핵심 개념으로 지정하여 과학 교육과정에서 제시할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 핵심개념은 단순히 과학 교과의 지식 내용뿐 아니라 기능, 가치 등의 요소를 포함할 수 있으며, 표현 방식 또한 단어, 문장, 도식 등 다양한 방식으로 제시될 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 우리 교육 목표에 맞는 핵심 개념의 내용을 선정하고 적절한 방식으로 핵심 개념을 제시하는 방안을 채택하기 위한 논의가 필요하다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2010

This study proposes a thesis of architectural concepts and visual dimension systems, and the comparison between steps of spatial formation and dimensional alteration. The second chapter, to form the basis of this study, explains the dimensional alterations and changes of fundamental notion of space. In the third chapter, history of space, architectural formations, and changes of the viewpoint are analyzed as objects of study. The forth chapter presents the interrelation between dimensional alteration and the transition in fundamental notion of space, demonstrating that modern architecture has been born from these cultural movements. Lastly, the fifth chapter suggests possibilities on further studies and the following conclusions: First, architectural spaces have been changed, in accordance with the changes of culture, art and the tools that regulate architectural design. Proportional regulations by two-dimensional tools and depth through three-dimensional drawings are created. Second, architectural spaces gained depth by recognizing movement and time that have induced formations to change, creating various aesthetic backgrounds and attempts. Third, the aesthetic background and cosmologic spatial concept have led the visualization and changes of architectural experience. It created the design tools and shapes originated in dynamism and vitality. Forth, diversification of fundamental spatial concepts has become palimpsest and complex, and been divided into four dimensions; expressional two-dimensional space, perspective three-dimensional space, forth-dimensional space of time and experience, and imagery space formed by body movement. Fifth, architecture has been influenced by the elevated viewpoint that understands the whole world as a space. It has evolved from the two-dimensional proportion principle, change of depth and vanishing point to multidimensional space of movement and time. Sixth, changes of fundamental notion of space have arisen from changes of visual dimensions in times. In other words, space has been developed from two-dimensional space to multidimensional space by accepting visual dimension, grasping distance, direction, depth, height, velocity, movement, gravity, power and structure.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2005

Purpose: This paper is a basic study aiming the establishment of Health theory according to korean culture. Especially planned to reveal the types of recognition on concepts of health in korean elderly. Methods: This study is using the Q-method, to collect rightly the concepts of objects in health. Results: This analysis shows us the 4 independent types of recognition about concepts of health in korean elderly as follows. Type Ⅰ: traditional & accommodational type, They positively agree to the concepts of health immanent in Shamanism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and folk customs. Type Ⅱ: modern & depedent type, They not only interpret concepts of health scientifically and modernly, but also positively accept the concepts of health in oriental medicine. Type Ⅲ: western medical & self-leading type, They interpret concepts of health scientifically and western-medically. Type Ⅳ: naturalistic & self-reliance type. They consider positively searching for well-being as health rather than simply situation devoid of diseases. Conclusions: All 4 types we can see that the fundamental concepts of health in korean elderly are complicated not only with mere western-medical concept of health, but also with concepts of health in oriental medicine, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Shamanism which represent the oriental view of world.