• 공업화학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.627-638
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• 1992

분자량과 관능기수가 각각 다른 4가지의 polypropylene glycol(PPG)과 toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate(2, 4-TDI)를 이용하여 polyurethane prepolymer(NCO terminated)를 합성한 후 NCO기 말단에 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(2-HEMA)를 반응시켜 PPG계 polyurethane methacrylates 수지를, PPG대신에 bisphenol A(BPA)를 이용하여 BPA계 polyurethane dimethacrylate 수지를 합성하였다. 합성된 PPG계 polyurethane dimethacrylate 수지에 반응성희석제인 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate(TEGDMA), 중합개시제인 cumene hydroperoxide(CHP) 중합금지제인 hydroquinone(HQ)를 첨가하였을 때, 첨가량변화에 따른 토오크강도의 변화를 고찰하였고, BPA계 polyurethane dimethacrylate 수지와 블렌드하였을때의 조성비에 따른 토오크강도의 변화를 고찰하였다. 토오크 측정결과, TEGDMA 40wt%, cumene hydroperoxide 4wt%, hydroquinone 200 ppm이 첨가되었을 때, 가장 큰 토오크강도를 나타내었으며, PPG계와 BPA계를 블렌딩하였을 때는 PPG/BPA가 4/6일 때 가장 큰 토오크강도를 나타내었다. 반응성희석제인 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate(TEGDMA), 중합개시제인 cume hydroperoxide(CHP), 중합금지제인 hydroquinone(HQ)를 동일하게 첨가한 후, 분자량과 관능기수가 다른 PPG계 polyurethane dimethacrylate 수지들의 열경화시의 토오크강도를 측정한 결과, 관능기수가 같은 수지들(PD750, PD1000, PD2000)의 경우에는 분자량이 적은 수지(PD750)일수록 큰 토오크강도를 나타내었고, 관능기수가 많을수록(PT 700) 큰 토오크강도를 나타내었다. 개시제만을 첨가한 후, 열경화를 통해서 얻어진 PPG계 수지들의 겔들을 DSC분석을 통해서 Tg변화를 측정하여 본 결과, 경화시 분자량이 가장 적고, 관능기수가 가장 많은 PT 700이 가장 큰 폭의 Tg증가를 나타내었으며, 분자량이 가장 큰 수지인 PD 2000이 가장 적은 폭의 Tg증가를 나타내었다. 그리고, Tg를 통해서 가교점간 분자량 Mc를 측정한 결과, 가장 큰 폭의 Tg를 보인 PT 700가 가장 적은 Mc를 가지고 있었다. 따라서, PT 700이 경화시 가장 조밀한 망목구조를 형성한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2022

Waterborne polyurethane-acrylate(WPUA) dispersions were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization in a two-step process. In the first step, polytetrahydrofuran, isophorone diisocyanate, dimethylol proponic acid, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were used to synthesize a vinyl-terminated polyurethane prepolymer. In the second step, styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and different multi-functional crosslinkers were copolymerized. 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate were used as the crosslinkers, and their effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of WPUA was investigated. Overall, as the number of functional groups of the cross-linker increased, the gel fraction improved to 79.26%, the particle size increased from 75.9 nm to 148.7 nm, and the tensile strength was improved from 5.86 MPa to 12.40 MPa. In thermal properties, the glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature increased by 9.9℃ and 18℃, respectively. The chemical structures of the WPUA dispersions were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized WPUA has high potential for applications such as coatings, leather coatings, adhesives, and wood finishing.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.400-409
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• 2002

기능성 오일 (citronella oil)을 함유하는 폴리우레탄 마이크로 캡슐을 계면중합을 이용하여 tolulene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)와 ethylene glycol (EG)로부터 제조하였으며 제조된 마이크로캡슐을 적외선분광분석, 자외선분광분석, 입도분석기, 열중량측정기, 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 분석하였다. 마이크로캡슐의 제조시 이용된 분산제의 농도 및 교반속도와 같은 변수가 제조된 마이크로캡슐의 입자크기 및 분포에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한, 적외선분광분석을 통해 citronella 오일이 성공적으로 캡슐화되었음을 알 수 있었고 열중량측정으로 마이크로캡슐은 약 $220^{\circ}C$ 정도까지 안정함을 알 수 있었다. 마이크로캡슐을 메탄올 용매에 넣어 캡슐 속의 citronella 오일의 방출거동을 자외선분광분석을 통해 조사하였다. Citronella 오일의 방출양은 캡슐 제조 시 적용된 교반속도 및 분산제의 농도를 증가시킴에 따라 증가하였다. Citronella 오일을 함유하는 마이크로캡슐은 우수한 방충효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2004

The polyester fabrics were treated with the chitosan with various solubility in optimized treatment condition. The treatment method was discussed to be a high functional finishing for the polyester fabric to obtain the high moisture absorption and anti-microorganism property by evaluating the effect of the chitosan purification method on the yield and anti-microorganism property of the chitosan. On the other hand, soluble polyurethane was added to the chitosan treatment solution and/or plasma pretreatment was done. The addition of soluble polyurethane give a high add-on ratio as well as a linen like effect of treated polyester fabric. The results were as follows: 1. In the treatment of polyester fabric by the chitosan solution, a soluble PU resin and low temperature plasma treatment were done to obtain high binding force between the fabrics and the chitosan. The add-on rate and the moisture absorption ratio of the fabrics treated with the chitosan-PU after treated with the plasma slightly increased more than those of the fabrics treated with the chitosan only. 2. Anti-static property of the fabrics treated with the chitosan decreased rapidly with increasing of the chitosan concentration. The washing fastness of the fabrics treated with the chitosan-PU after treated with the plasma was better than those of the fabrics treated with chitosan only. The wrinkle resistance of the treated fabrics decreased constantly with the concentration of the chitosan. The bending rigidity of the treated fabrics increased greatly. On the treatment of polyester fabric under optimum condition, the microorganism reduction rate kept above 90％ after 10times launderings. 3. As the polyester fabrics which has flat yam was used as a weft yams were treated with the chitosan-PU as give a functional finishing effects such as durability, moisture absorption, anti-static and anti- microorganism property. Treated polyester fabric showed a good functional finishing effect and a linen like property.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.528-532
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• 2009

The size and shape of free volume (FV) holes available in membrane materials control the rate of gas diffusion and its permeability. Based on this principle, a segmented, thermo-sensitive polyurethane (TSPU) membrane with functional gate, i.e., the ability to sense and respond to external thermo-stimuli, was synthesized. This smart membrane exhibited close-open characteristics to the size of the FV hole and water vapor permeation and thus can be used as smart food packaging materials. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), positron annihilation lifetimes (PAL) and water vapor permeability (WVP) were used to evaluate how the morphological structure of TSPU and the temperature influence the FV holes size. In DSC and DMA studies, TSPU with a crystalline transition reversible phase showed an obvious phase-separated structure and a phase transition temperature at $53^{\circ}C$ (defined as the switch temperature and used as a functional gate). Moreover, the switch temperature ($T_s$) and the thermal-sensitivity of TSPU remained available after two or three thermal cyclic processes. The PAL study indicated that the FV hole size of TSPU is closely related to the $T_s$. When the temperature varied cyclically from $T_s-10{\circ}C$ to $T_s+10^{\circ}C$, the average radius (R) of the FV holes of the TSPU membrane also shifted cyclically from 0.23 to 0.467 nm, exhibiting an "open-close" feature. As a result, the WVP of the TSPU membrane also shifted cyclically from 4.30 to $8.58\;kg/m^2{\cdot}d$, which produced an "increase-decrease" response to the thermo-stimuli. This phase transition accompanying significant changes in the FV hole size and WVP can be used to develop "smart materials" with functional gates and controllable water vapor permeation, which support the possible applications of TSPU for food packaging.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1993

Polyurethane resin was especially mixed with polybutadiene rubbers which had each other different molecular structures and functional groups. Liquid and cure properties were tested experimentally for mixtures. Viscosity of mixtures and drying time were influenced by solubility of thinner and reactivity of rubber. Adhesive strength represented maxium at rubber content $15{\times}22%$ (Wt. % ), and rapidly decreased over 25%. DBTDL(di-n-butyltindilaurate) showed the longest stroage stability.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2003

각기 다른 온도에서 불소화 표면처리에 의한 실리카의 표면특성을 X-선 광전 분광법 그리고 접촉각을 통해 관찰하였으며, 복합재료의 기계적 계면물성과 열안정성에 미치는 영향은 인열 에너지와 분해 활성화 에너지를 통해 고찰하였다. 실리카 표면 자유 에너지의 London 비극성 요소와 불소작용기는 불소화 처리 온도에 따라 증가하였으며, 결과적으로 실리카/폴리우레탄 복합재료의 인열 에너지를 향상시켰다. 또한 복합재료의 열안정성은 불소화 함량에 따라 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 실리카 표면에 도입된 불소작용기가 본 실험의 복합재료 시스템 내에서 실리카와 폴리우레탄 계면 사이의 분자간 상호작용을 향상시키는 주요한 인자로 작용한 것으로 사료된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.348-352
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 펜던트 타입의 고분자인 폴리우레탄에 스틸벤 유도체를 가진 다양한 발색단을 곁가지로 도입하고, 이를 연결하는 방식으로 분자를 디자인하고 합성하였다. 모노머 분자인 N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-cyanostilbene, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino-4'-methoxy stilbene, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-acetylstilbene, N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino stilbene은 Wittig 반응을 이용하여 합성하였고, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-nitrostilbene는 Knoevenagel 축합반응을 이용하여 합성하였다. 합성된 물질의 흡수 및 형광 스펙트럼의 측정으로부터, 치환기로 전자 끌게 작용기를 도입한 경우 그 정도에 따라 스펙트럼이 장파장으로 이동하며, 반대로 전자 주게 작용기가 도입된 경우는 단파장 이동하는 것을 확인 하였다. 반면, $NO_2$가 치환된 경우 그 자체가 빛을 소멸시키는 쾐쳐로 작용하여 PL이 관측되지 않았다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2013

In-mold coating is a reactive fluid designed to improve the surface quality of injection molded thermoplastic substrate in functional and cosmetic properties. In this study, a mixing head for in-mold coating was designed, and mixing characteristics of two-component polyurethane flowing through runner were investigated based on flow simulations. In order to achieve uniform mixing of two components injected through straight mixing head, an impingement aftermixer was used in runner design. Semi-circular cross-section was better than circular one for runners for uniform mixing. With increasing runner length and flow rate, mixing became more uniform. In addition, the degree of mixing was more improved with decreasing viscosity of isocyanate.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2009

Purpose: Various techniques have been attempted for design of the flaps. However, there are some disadvantages. They have thin, pliable, and two dimensional methods. The aim of this study is to report usefulness of polyurethane foam dressing materials for three dimensional design of the digital island flap. Methods: From June of 2007 to september of 2008, 10 patients received digital island flap surgery for soft tissue defect of the finger. After minimal debridement of the wound, size and shape of the defect were measured using polyurethane foam. We used Medifoam-$5^{(R)}$ And then, designed this inset the wound. The flap was designed on the donor site with a arterial pedicle as the central axis according to size and shape. A full thickness skin graft from the groin is applied on the flap donor defect and secured with a tieover bolster dressing. Results: Reviewing sizes of the flaps, the length and width of flaps ranged from 1.5 to 3.3 cm and 1.0 to 2.5 cm. The PACS(Picture Archiving Communication System) program allows identification of the donor depth of finger. The distance for the soft tissue ranged from 4.3 mm to 6.7 mm. Mean depth of donor site was 5.3${\pm}$0.6 mm. Also, the thickness of Medifoam-$5^{(R)}$ ranged nearly 5 mm. On flap insetting, full-thickness skin graft was necessary. We did not experience any problems in the recipient site size either, regardless of the extended flaps. Conclusion: Polyurethane foam has many advantages over the more conventional templates. Refinements in flap design and surgical technique resulted in favorable functional and cosmetic results. Especially, for beginner, Polyurethane foam dressing material is a simple and safe tool and therefore is an excellent choice for design of the island flap.