• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.190-203
• /
• 2021

Water quality, benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and other factors were investigated to explore the effects of the effluent discharge from a sewage treatment plant into Jwagwang stream in Busan in 2019. During the study period, the flow rate of this stream was in the range of 10,400 m³/day to 52,200 m³/day except for the discharge of about 24,000 m³/day of the effluent. After discharge, the flow velocity increased by about 65% and the water depth increased by about 40%. At sites downstream of the discharge point, BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P, and other water quality values were worse than those of the upstream sites. The periphytic algal chlorophyll-a concentrations in the natural substrata were higher than those of the upstream sites, especially in May and August. However, at sites downstream of the discharge point, the individual numbers of Annelida were decreased and individual numbers of the insecta of arthropoda were increased. Also, species numbers and the diversity and dominance indexes were improved in the sites downstream of the discharge point. The functional feeding groups (FFGs) of collector-filterers were increased and the habitat orientation groups (HOGs) of sprawlers, burrowers, and clingers were especially increased at the sites with additional reclaimed wastewater effluent flow. Regardless of the effluent discharge, BMI, an indicator of ecological stream health using benthic macroinvertebrate species, did not show large gaps between the study points. Although the water quality of the sites downstream of the discharge point was much worse than those upstream, their ecosystem soundness was better than those of the upstream sites from an ecological perspective.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.46-59
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (AY) has remarkable bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer activities. On the other hand, the effects of AY against obesity-induced insulin resistance have not been reported. Therefore, this study examined the potential of AY against obesity-associated insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: An obesity model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice a 60% HFD for 16 weeks. The C57BL6/When ethyl acetate fraction from AY (EFAY) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally to mice fed a HFD for the last 4 weeks. Normal and control groups were administered water orally. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. Dietary intake was measured every other day. After dissection, blood and tissues were collected from the mice. RESULTS: The administration of EFAY reduced body and organ weights significantly compared to HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY-administered groups also improved the serum lipid profile by decreasing the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein compared to the control group. In addition, EFAY ameliorated the insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunctions, including the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level, compared to the HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY inhibited lipid synthesis and insulin resistance by down-regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthase and up-regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. EFAY also reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver, indicating that EFAY protected hepatic injury induced by obesity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that EFAY improved obesity-associated insulin resistance by regulating the lipid and glucose metabolism, suggesting that AY could be used as a functional food to prevent obesity and insulin resistance.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2024

This study evaluated the utilization of a low fish meal (LFM) diet and black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens meal and oil as a fish meal (FM) substitute or functional additive for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus at the Jeju fish farm. Two experimental diets replaced FM using animal (tankage, poultry byproduct and tuna byproduct meal) and plant (wheat gluten and soy protein concentrate) protein sources, containing 45% (FM45) and 35% (FM35) of FM, respectively. One experimental diet replaced FM with animal, plant, and BSF meal, fish oil using insect meal and oil (FM35+). After the feeding trial ended, no differences in growth performance, feed utilization, survival and biological indices were observed among all experimental groups. Aspartate aminotransferase and cholesterol levels in the FM35 and FM35+ groups were significantly higher than that in the FM70 group. The linoleic acid level in the muscle was significantly higher in the fish fed with the FM70 diet than in those fed with the FM45, FM35, and FM35+ diets. Thus, the LFM diet is suitable for juvenile olive flounder farming during six months.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권9호
• /
• pp.1031-1039
• /
• 2017

누에 분말에 단백질 분해력이 뛰어난 Bacillus subtilis KACC 91157 균주를 이용하여 Orotic acid-유발 지방간의 개선 효과를 알아보기 위해 발효누에 추출물을 식이에 5%, 10% 수준으로 각각 첨가하였다. 발효누에 추출물은 orotic acid 지방간 유발 흰쥐의 간 기능 생화학적 지표로 이용되는 AST, ALT, ALP 및 LDH 활성을 감소시켜주고, 혈청 지질농도를 정상 수준으로 회복시켜주어 지방간 개선에 도움을 주었다. 또한 지방간 유발로 저하된 glutathione 농도를 증가시켜주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 간 조직의 병리학적 관찰 결과 SP10 투여군과 BSP5 투여군에 비해 BSP10 투여군에서 간 소엽을 구성하는 간 세포들이 전반적으로 균일하게 배열되어 정상군의 간 소견과 비슷한 양상을 보여 지방간 개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 보였다. 이러한 결과 보아 고초균 발효누에 추출물은 지방간 개선효과를 가지는 건강기능식품 소재로서 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료되어 진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권12호
• /
• pp.1529-1536
• /
• 2007

동결건조된 김치분말을 주성분으로 하여 부형제로 glucose, 고춧가루, 식이섬유소 등을 혼합하여 제조된 김치 타블렛 제조용 조성물(KTC)의 항비만 효과를 알아보기 위하여 4주령의 SD계 수컷 흰쥐를 식이에 따라 정상대조군, 고지방식이군, 고지방 식이에 KTC 5%와 10% 첨가군의 4군으로 나누어 8주간 사육하고 체중, 피하지방, 혈당, 혈 중 지질 농도, 간조직의 지질 농도와 HMG-CoA reductase 활성, 분변으로의 지질 배설능 등을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 고지방 식이에 KTC 첨가량이 늘어날수록 흰쥐의 혈중 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤치를 농도 의존적으로 감소시켜 혈액내 지방의 축적을 저해하였고, 복부 피하지방의 양은 KTC 5%, 10% 첨가군이 고지방군에 비해 13.6%, 21.3% 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 또한 간과 심장, 고환의 중성지방, 콜레스테롤 농도는 KTC 첨가군이 고지방식이군에 비해 농도 의존적으로 감소하였고(p<0.05), HMG-CoA reductase 활성 및 혈당 농도를 고지방식이군에 비해 유의적으로 감소시켜 KTC가 흰쥐의 비만을 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.698-702
• /
• 2013

본 실험은 일반미보다 GABA 함량이 많은 흑찰거대배아미(밀양263호) 및 거대배아미와 일반미를 C57BL/6 생쥐에게 16일 동안 자유 섭취시키면서 2시간 알코올 섭취량, 22시간 물 섭취량 및 체중의 변화 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과 흑찰거대배아미 및 거대배아미와 일반미 3군과 2시간 알코올 섭취량의 일변화에 대해 repeated measure ANOVA를 실시하였을 때, 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다(df=16, F=3.109, p=0.004). 일별 2시간 알코올 섭취량에 대하여 흑찰거대배아미군과 일반미군의 양군간 비교시 일반미군에 비하여 흑찰거대배아미군에서 자유 섭취 후 2일째부터 16일째까지 지속적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 흑찰거대배아미군과 일반미군 2군을 각각 군내 비교를 하였을 때, 일반미 섭취군의 경우에는 섭취전과 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 흑찰거대배아미 군에서는 섭취 전에 비하여 섭취 후 4일째부터 16일째까지 유의하게 감소하였다. 한편 22시간 물 섭취량의 일변화와 체중의 일변화에 대해서 repeated measure ANOVA를 실시하였을 때에도 유의한 교차가 없었다. 그러나 쌀 섭취량의 일변화에 대한 repeated measure ANOVA를 실시하였을 때에 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다(df=16, F=7.145, p=0.001). 이러한 2시간 알코올 섭취량의 변화의 결과는 일반미와의 성분비교에서 흑찰거대배아미에 많이 함유되어 있는 GABA 등에 의한 것으로 추정할 수 있다.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.105-117
• /
• 2019

동강 지류인 기화천의 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집 특성을 알아보기 위해 6지점을 대상으로 2013년 4월과 11월 조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 저서성 대형무척추동물은 총 4문 5강 12목 29과 63종이었다. 출현 종수는 4월 조사에서 총 48종으로 지점별로 11~28종, 11월 조사에서 총 44종으로 지점별로 13~24종이 출현하였다. 계절별 출현 개체수는 4월 조사에서 $560{\sim}2,290inds.\;m^{-2}$, 11월 조사에서 $806{\sim}3,674inds.\;m^{-2}$로 다소 증가하였다. 종조성을 살펴보면 우점종으로는 깔따구류가 4월 조사에서 가장 많이 출현하였으며, 11월 조사에서 연날개수염치레각날도래가 가장 우점하였다. 섭식기능군은 4월의 경우 전체 지점에서 GC가 우세하였으나, 11월은 FC가 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 날도래목의 증가로 St.1, St.5, St.6의 EPT는 4월보다 11월에 증가하였으며, 양식장 주변에 위치한 St.2, St.3, St.4는 전체적으로 EPT가 낮게 나왔으나, 깔따구류의 감소로 BMI는 4월보다 11월에 더 좋아지는 것으로 나타났다. 조사지점의 환경요인은 St.1을 제외하고 비슷한 경향을 나타냈으며, 전기전도도, 염분농도, 수폭은 계절적 차이를 보였다. 환경요인과 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집을 다변량분석으로 살펴본 결과 조사시기에 따라 두 그룹으로 나누어졌으며, 이들 그룹은 전기전도도, 염도, 하상구성 특성과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.412-420
• /
• 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect and potential of tyramine derivatives from Lycii Cortex Radicis (LCR), the root bark of lycium (Lycium chenese Miller) in reducing lipid peroxidation. The activities of enzymes, hepatic 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and LDL oxidation were measured in vitro and animal experiments were also performed by feeding LCR extracts to rats. The test compounds employed for in vitro study were trans-N-p-coumaroyltyramine (CT) and trans-N-feruloyltyramine (FT), LCR components, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) from safflower seeds, ferulic acid (FA) and 10-gingerol. It was observed that FT and FS at the concentration of 1.2 mg/mL inhibited liver microsomal HMG CoA reductase activity by ~40%, but no inhibition of activity was seen in the cases of CT, CS, FA and 10-gingerol. Whereas, ACAT activity was inhibited ~50% by FT and CT, 34-43% by FS and CS and ~80% by 10-gingerol at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. A significant delay in LDL oxidation was induced by CT, FT, and 10-gingerol. For the animal experiment, five groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed high fat diets containing no test material (HF-control), 1 and 2% of LCR ethanol extract (LCR1 and LCR2), and 1% of extracts from safflower seed (Sat) and ginger (Gin). The results indicated that total cholesterol level was significantly lower in Saf, LCR2 and Gin groups, and HDL cholesterol level was lower only in Gin group when compared with HF-control group; while there was no difference in the serum triglyceride levels among the five experimental groups. The level of liver cholesterol was significantly lower in LCR1 and LCR2 groups than HF-control Serum levels of TBARS were significantly lower only in LCR2 group when compared with HF-control group. From the observed results, we concluded that LCR can be utilized as a hypocholesterolemic ingredient in combination with ginger, especially for functional foods.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.745-752
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 닭고기의 감마지방산 축적에 관한 서로 다른 수준의 달맞이꽃 종자유 급여효과를 조사하였다. 로스(Ross)종 1일령 broiler 수컷 600수를 6처리구${\times}$4반복으로 완전임의 배치하였다. 브로일러는 포화지방산 급원으로서 우지를 함유하는 대조구, 감마지방산 급원으로서 달맞이꽃 종자유(EPO, evening primrose oil) 0.5%, EPO 혼합유(EPO 70:대두유 30) 0.7%, EPO 1.5%, EPO 3.0% 및 EPO 4.0% 첨가사료를 브로일러 후기 2주 동안 섭취하였다. 체중은 0.5% EPO 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조구와 처리구간 통계적유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 도체중에 대한 다리살과 가슴살의 무게비율은 다리살에서 0.5% EPO 첨가구 및 가슴살에서 0.5% EPO 첨가구와 4.0% EPO 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조구와 처리구간 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). EPO 첨가사료를 섭취한 닭고기 피부와 가슴살 지질의 포화지방산 조성은 대조구에 비해서 유의적으로 낮아졌으나 불포화지방산 조성은 대조구와 비교할 때 EPO 첨가구가 높았다(p<0.05). 특히, 닭고기 부위별 지질의 감마지방산(GLA, gamma-linolenicacid, 18:3n-6) 조성은 대조구와 비교할 때 EPO 첨가구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 이 결과는 육계사료 내 달맞이꽃 종자유를 첨가.급여함으로써 감마지방산이 강화된 새로운 기능성 닭고기를 생산할 수 있음을 시사해 준다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the functionality of fermented black garlic extracts under various conditions. Black garlic powder was prepared by aging for 0~72 hours at 80℃ depending on relative humidity (RH). It showed the highest antioxidant effects among the samples; the total antioxidant activity of black garlic powders at RH 75%, 84%, and 90% for 72 hours was increased 31.9 times, 28.2 times, and 22.6 times compared with that of the fresh garlic powder, respectively. Also, the alliin content was gradually decreased. S-ally-L-cysteine and S-ethyl-cysteine levels were increased; the highest values were 495.9 ㎍/g and 1,769.7 ㎍/g after aging for 72 hours at RH 75%. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were increased following high fat diet feeding, but the rise was obviously reduced by administration of black garlic extract. The total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride contents in serum were significantly lower in methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet treatment groups than in the positive control group. The concentration was increased following the intake of black garlic and fermented black garlic extracts. Therefore, black garlic extracts could be an ideal material as a dietary supplement in healthy functional foods to improve the effects on fatty liver.