DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Hepatoprotective Effect of Bacillus subtilis-fermented Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Extract on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Rats

고초균 발효누에 추출물이 비알코올성 지방간 유발 흰쥐에 미치는 간 기능 개선 효과

  • Received : 2017.07.26
  • Accepted : 2017.09.13
  • Published : 2017.09.30

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of extracts from silkworm Bombyx mori L. fermented with Bacillus subtilis KACC 91157 at levels of 5%(v/w) and 10%(v/w) in Sprague-Dawley rats intoxicated with 1%(w/w) orotic acid (OA) for 10 days. The rats were divided into a normal group (N), a control group (C: OA), and treatment groups (SP10: OA + 10% extracts from B. mori L.; BSP5: OA + 5% extracts from B. mori L. fermented with B. subtilis KACC 91157; BSP10: OA + 10% extracts from B. mori L. fermented with B. subtilis KACC 91157). Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased following OA feeding, but the rise was slightly reduced by administration of BSP10. The total lipid, free fatty acid, phospholipid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride contents in serum were significantly lower in the OA treatment groups than in the N group. However, the contents slightly increased following the administration of BSP10. Glutathione concentrations in liver and serum were reduced in the OA-induced fatty liver, but they increased following the administration of BSP10. Hepatocytes in the OA-induced fatty liver contained numerous large droplets. However, SP10, BSP5, and BSP10 feeding prevented OA-induced lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes. Accordingly, extracts from silkworm powder fermented with B. subtilis could be an ideal material as a dietary supplement in healthy functional foods to improve the effects of fatty liver.

누에 분말에 단백질 분해력이 뛰어난 Bacillus subtilis KACC 91157 균주를 이용하여 Orotic acid-유발 지방간의 개선 효과를 알아보기 위해 발효누에 추출물을 식이에 5%, 10% 수준으로 각각 첨가하였다. 발효누에 추출물은 orotic acid 지방간 유발 흰쥐의 간 기능 생화학적 지표로 이용되는 AST, ALT, ALP 및 LDH 활성을 감소시켜주고, 혈청 지질농도를 정상 수준으로 회복시켜주어 지방간 개선에 도움을 주었다. 또한 지방간 유발로 저하된 glutathione 농도를 증가시켜주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 간 조직의 병리학적 관찰 결과 SP10 투여군과 BSP5 투여군에 비해 BSP10 투여군에서 간 소엽을 구성하는 간 세포들이 전반적으로 균일하게 배열되어 정상군의 간 소견과 비슷한 양상을 보여 지방간 개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 보였다. 이러한 결과 보아 고초균 발효누에 추출물은 지방간 개선효과를 가지는 건강기능식품 소재로서 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료되어 진다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, H. Y., Cha, J. Y., Park, K. R., Kim, Y. R. and Cho, Y. S. 2013. Improvement effect of fermented silkworm (Bombyx mori L) powder against orotic acid-induced fatty liver rats. J. Life. Sci. 23, 789-795. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.6.789
  2. Arog, C. K. and Caldwell, S. H. 2009. Epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin. Liver Dis. 13, 511-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2009.07.005
  3. Baldi, E., Burra, P., Plebani, M. and Salvagnini, M. 1993. Serum malondialdehyde and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase activity as markers of chronic alcohol intake and alcoholic liver disease. Ital. J. Gastroenterol. 25, 429-432.
  4. Beutler, E., Duron, O. and Kelly, B. M. 1963. Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J. Lab Clin. Med. 61, 882-888.
  5. Cha, J. Y., Kim, Y. S., Ahn, H. Y., Eom, K. E., Park, B. K. and Cho, Y. S. 2009. Biological activity of fermented silkworm powder. J. Life. Sci. 19, 1468-1477. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2009.19.10.1468
  6. Cha, J. Y., Kim, Y. S., Ahn, H. Y., Kang, M. J., Heo, S. J. and Cho, Y. S. 2011. Biological activity and biochemical properties of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) powder fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus kawachii. J. Life Sci. 21, 81-88. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.1.81
  7. Cha, J. Y., Kim, Y. S., Kang, P. D., Ahn, H. Y., Eom, K. E. and Cho, Y. S. 2010. Biological activity and chemical characteristics of fermented silkworm powder by mold. J. Life. Sci. 20, 237-244. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.2.237
  8. Cha, J. Y., Maeda, Y., Oogami, K., Yamamoto, K. and Yanagita, T. 1998. Association between hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation induced by administering orotic acid and enhanced phospatidate phosphohydrase activity in rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62, 508-513. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.62.508
  9. Cha, J. Y., Jun, B. S. and Cho, Y. S. 2004. Prevention of orotic acid-induced fatty liver in rats by capsaicin. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 13, 597-602.
  10. Cha, J. Y., Kim, H. S., Kang, S. C. and Cho, Y. S. 2009. Alcoholic hepatotoxicity suppression in alcohol fed rats by glutathione-enriched yeast FF-8 strain. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 18, 1411-1416.
  11. Cha, J. Y., Heo, J. S. and Cho, Y. S. 2008. Effect of zinc-enriched yeast FF-10 strain on the alcoholic hepatotoxicity in alcohol feeding rats. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 17, 1207-1213.
  12. Cha, J. Y., Cho, Y. S., Kim, I., Anno, T., Rahman, S. M. and Yanagita, T. 2001. Effect of hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, on the liver triacylglycerol content and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in orotic acid-fed rats. Plant Foods Human Nutr. 56, 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011884200848
  13. Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J. E., Diehl, A. M., Brunt, E. M., Charlton, M. and Sanyal, A. J. 2012. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. practice guideline by the American Gastroenterological Association, American Association for the Study of Liver Disease, and American College of Gastroenterology. Gastroenterology 142, 1592-1609. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.001
  14. Duncan, D. B. 1957. Multiple range test for correlated and heteroscedastic means. Biometrics 13, 164-176. https://doi.org/10.2307/2527799
  15. Hwang, E. H., Kang, B. G., Kim, B. R. and Lee, H. J. 2001. Protein quality evaluation and effect of plasma lipid contents of acid hydrolysates of cocoon in rats fed by high cholesterol, high triglyceride and high sucrose diet. J. Kor. Soc Food Sci. Nutr. 30, 1004-1009.
  16. Lee, J. H., Kim, N. K., Lee, D. Y. and Lee, C. H. 1999. Protective effect of selected aminio acids and food extracts on ethanoltoxicity determent in rat liver. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 31, 802-808.
  17. Jeong, E. H., Jun, D. W., Cho, Y. K., Choe, Y. G., Rye, S. H. Lee, S. M. and Jang, E. C. 2013. Regional prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Korea Clin. Mol. Hepatol. 19, 266-272. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2013.19.3.266
  18. Kang, P. D., Kim, J. W., Jung, I. Y., Kim, K. Y., Kang, S. W., Kim, M. J. and Ryu, K. S. 2006. Study on the unsaturated fatty acids in the pupae of silkworm, Bombyx mori. Kor. J. Seric. Sci. 48, 21-24.
  19. Kang, P. D., Kim, J. W., Sohn, B. H., Kim, K. Y., Jung, I. Y., Kim, M. J. and Ryu, K. S. 2000. Accumulating pattern of ${\alpha}$-glycosidase inhibitor in various silkworm varities. Kor. J. Seric. Sci. 48, 25-27.
  20. Kim, N. H. 2013. The analysis of non-pharmacological intervention study for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: intervention types and measurement parameters. J. Kor. Biol. Nurs. Sci. 15, 43-53. https://doi.org/10.7586/jkbns.2013.15.2.43
  21. Lee, S. H., Park, D. S., Yang, G. E., Bae, D. K., Yang, Y. H., Kim, T. K., Kim, D. J., Kyung, J. B., Yeon, S. H., Koo, K. C., Lee, J. Y., Hwang, S. Y., Joo, S. S. and Kim, Y. B. 2012. Silk and silkworm pupa peptides suppress adipogenesis in preadipocytes and fat accumulation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Eur. J. Nutr. 51, 1011-1019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-011-0280-6
  22. Li, Y. G., Ji, D. F., Chen, S. and Hu, G. Y. 2008. Protective effects of sericin protein on alcohol-mediated liver damage in mice. Alcohol Alcohol. 43, 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agm164
  23. Yin, M., Ikejima, K., Arteel, G. E., Seabra, V., Bradford, B. U., Kono, H. and Rusyn, I. and Thurman, R. G. 1998. Glycine accelerates recovery from alcohol-induced liver injury. J. Pharacol. Exp. Ther. 286, 1014-1019.
  24. Matteoni, C. A., Younossi, Z. M., Gramlich, T., Boparai, N., Liu, Y. C. and McCullough, A. J. 1999. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity. Gastroenterology 116, 1413-1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70506-8
  25. Park, Y. M., Lim, J. H., Lee, J. E. and Seo, E. W. 2015. Protective effect of semisulcospira libertine extract on induced hepatitis in rats. J. Life Sci. 25, 539-547. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.5.539
  26. Pottenger, L. A. and Getz, G. S. 1971. Serum lipoprotein accumulation in the livers of orotic acid fed rats. J. Lipid Res. 12, 450.
  27. Rumpold, B. A. and Schluter, O. K. 2013. Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 57, 802-803. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200735
  28. Ryu, K. S., Lee H. S and Kim, S. Y. 1999. Effects of Bombyx mori larvae extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J. Life. Sci. 9, 375-381.
  29. Ryu, K. S., Lee, H. S., Chung, S. H. and Kang, P. D. 1997. An activity of lowering blood-glucose levels according to preparative condition of silkworm powder. Kor J. Seric. Sci. 39, 79-85.
  30. Sumi, H., Hamada, H., Tsushima, H., Mihara, H. and Muraki, H. 1978. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (Nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto:a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. Experimentia 43, 1110-1111.
  31. Tsukahara, M., Shinzato, N., Tamaki, Y., Namihira, T. and Matsui, T. 2009. Red yeast rice fermentation by selected Monascus sp. With deep-red color, lovastatin production but no citrinin, and effect of temperature-shift cultivation on lovastatin production. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 158, 476-482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8553-8
  32. Yang, S. J., Kim, C. Y., Lee, J. B., Kang, S. S. and Lee, J. J. 2013. The effects of the mulberry and silkworm intake on androgen receptor mRNA and myogenic regulatory factors expression of rats muscle for resistance exercise. J. Seric. Entomol. Sci. 51, 99-106.
  33. Yoon, J. W., Lee, S. G. and Lee, K. B. 2005. Effects of silkworm extract powder on plasma lipids and glucose in rat. Kor. J. Food Nurt. 18, 140-145.