• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Caused by cultural environment, the fruit skin stain results in serious damages to pear fruit. Particularly susceptible to this damage, 'Niitaka' pear accounts for 82% of pear cultivation in Korea and many farmers growing the pear trees have suffered economic losses due to fruit skin stain. This study investigated the effect of different treatments of 'Niitaka' pear during growing period on the occurrence of fruit skin stain. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments in the field included gibberellin (GA) paste, spraying with amino acid tree fertilizer, functional bagging, and coating of the inner paper bag with agents. The relationships between tree vigor, mineral nutrition concentration and fruit skin stain occurrence were also investigated. The fruit skin stain symptoms occurred from young fruit (May 25) until harvest. There was no exposed fruit flesh. The occurrence of fruit skin stain was significantly reduced in normal tree (shoot length 110 cm), as well as using GA paste treatment, and bagging in calcium and lime sulfur coated bags. However, spraying with amino acid tree fertilizer made no difference in comparison to control. In addition, bags in which the inner paper was coated with lime sulfur and soybean oil resulted in chemical injury to the fruit skin caused by bagging. The K concentration of shoot wood and fruit skin were higher than those of the control. Also, there were lower T-N, K concentration of leaf. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that occurrence of fruit skin stain in 'Niitaka' pear fruits during the growing period can be reduced by GA paste and bagging in calcium and lime sulfur coated bags. The symptoms of chemical injury to the fruit skin caused by bagging in lime sulfur and soybean oil coated inner paper were different compared to skin stain occurring in fruit during the growing period.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.52-63
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• 2019

Agrocybe spp. belongs to the Agaricales order, Bolbitiaceae family, and Agrocybe genus. In Korea, so far, it has been cultivated through bottle cultivation; therefore, this study was conducted for the development of a new cultivar using the bag cultivation method for quantitative improvement. Thirty-three gene resources of Agrocybe spp. were collected and their quantity and characteristics of bag cultivation were examined. Next, 5 kinds of crossing parents were selected based on the cultivation period and shape of the fruit body. Seven strains were selected through 3 cross combinations. The 7 selected strains and the comparative cultivar 'Cham' were cultivated in a bag. As a result, the cultivation period was 49 days for 'JBAC15-1' and 50 days for 'JBAC15-6' which are 4 days and 3 days less than the cultivation period of the comparative cultivar 'Cham'(53 days), respectively. Cultivation periods of other strains except for 'JBAC15-1' and 'JBAC15-1' were longer than that of the comparative cultivar'Cham'. The best ratio of primordia formation among the selected strains was found to be that of 'JBAC15-1' with 96.1% followed by 'JBAC15-6' with 94.5%. These rates were 3.1% and 1.5% higher than the ratio of primordia formation of the comparative cultivar 'Cham', which is found to be 93.0%. The quantity was maximum in the 'JBAC15-1' cultivar with 176.8 g per bag followed by 'JBAC15-6' with 168.7 g per bag. The quantities were 10% and 5% more than the comparative cultivar 'Cham' with 160.7 g per bag. Based on these results, 'JBAC15-1' and 'JBAC15-6', which had shorter cultivation periods and more quantities than the comparative cultivar 'Cham' were finally selected. For the selected strains of 'JBAC15-1' and 'JBAC15-6', mycelial growth was observed to be optimal on PDA medium and the optimum temperature was $27.5^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH was pH 5 for 'JBAC15-1' and pH 6 for 'JBAC15-6'. The color of the pileus of the fruit body was dark brown in 'JBAC15-1' and 'Cham' and light brown in 'JBAC15-6'. The pileus was hemispherical in shape in both 'JBAC15-1' and 'Cham'. However, the colors of the stem were different - light brown in 'JBAC15-1', white in 'JBAC15-6', and ivory in the comparative cultivar 'Cham'.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.216-219
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• 2014

Studies were made to optimize the media composition in bag culture and conducted to determine the possibility of artificial cultivation of Auricularia auricula. Sawdust spawn of media composition for optimal growth were found to be oak-sawdust 80%combination of 20% popla-sawdust were the best of the optimal combination. And optimal substrate combination were found to be cotton-seed meal combination of 10% wheat bran 5% mixed were the best of combination. The duration of spawn run period and primordial formation period on bag(1.2 kg) were 50 days and 7 days, respectively. The weight of fruiting body and the yield(100ea, 1.2 kg) of fresh fruit-body were 24 g and 45,000 g, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Agrocybe cylindracea was cultured in a bag, in which sawdust culture medium (1 kg) is put in a plastic bag (PE), with poplar sawdust, rice bran, wheat bran, and dried bean curd refuse in the ratio of 70:10:10:10 (v/v). 2% of the culture medium was inoculated with the liquid starter of Agrocybe cylindracea, and this was incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. After incubation, the A. cylindracea was further cultured by cutting the top vinyl portion of the bag down to the level of the culture medium surface of the first inoculation part. The cut culture medium was placed in a growth room at $25^{\circ}C$, and pin-heading was induced under light irradiation at 99% humidity and 1,000 ppm $CO_$ level for 3days. When the grow the environment was controlled at 95% humidity and $21^{\circ}C$, the bending of the stem was less as compared to that when the cap of the bag had been removed. The number of effective fruiting bodies per bag increased by 140% (28.8), the quantity per bag increased by 29.5%, and 148.5 g A. cylindracea could be potentially harvested.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.171-174
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• 2011

This study was carried out to elucidate suitable supplementary nutrition for Neolentinus lepideus cultivation. The main substrate for cultivation was douglas fir sawdust, and supplementary materials for experiment were corn meal, corn hull, corncob, beet pulp, and potato starch. The higher amount of total nitrogen source was showed in corn meal (0.45%) than any other nutritive materials. Incubation ratio and cultivation period showed the best 97% and the shortest 43 days on medium with corn meal substrate. The fruit body yield and biological efficiency on medium with 10% corn meal were highest 122 g/1 kg and 35%, respectively. Factor analyses concerning fruiting yield showed total nitrogen source (r = 0.95) and crude fat (r = 0.65). These results are recommended that N. lepideus cultivation is corn meal material as the source of the supplementary nutrition and total nitrogen source as the factor of fruiting body yield on the Douglas fir sawdust medium.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2018

Sparassis latifolia is called "Cauliflower Mushroom" and is known as an edible mushroom that has high content of ${\beta}$-glucan. Recently, artificial cultivation of S. latifolia has been done by bottle, plastic bag and wood cultivation in Korea. However it is not widely used because there are low incubation ratio and yield. For the high efficiency of production, we aim to find the superior strains and media for better mycelial and fruit body growth. First, we analyzed the genetic relationship among 31 strains and divided five groups with three kinds of URP primers. And then ten strains were selected from five groups based on the experiment of mycelial growth. The suitability of media for mycelial growth was different according to media type. The suitable solid and liquid media for mycelial growth of S. latifolia isolates were PDA and M2, respectively. In addition, with regard to C/N ratio, the mycelial growth increased even until C/N 160. Second, we investigated the production of fruitbody of the strains by plastic bag cultivation. The substrate was mixed with larch sawdust, corn flour, and wheat flour (8:1:1, v/v). Moisture content of substrate was controlled by about 60% with 10% molasses solution. Out of 31 strains, 19 strains formed primordia. The eight strains produced more than 140g/1kg in fresh weight. Third, molasses culture media was selected for the mycelial growth. And molasses suitable sugar content and input aeration were around 8Brix% and 0.3~0.6vvm, respectively. The longer the incubation period is, the more dried weight of mycelia increased, but medium volume decreased. Therefore, the best incubation period was 9 to 11 days depending on strains. In the future, research project entitled development of culture system and new variety for stable production of S. latifolia will be considered as a new item.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-68
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diurnal alternation of nutrient solution salinity on growth and fruit quality of tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum cv. 'House momotaro') hydroponically grown in root intercept bag-NFT (RIB-NFT) system. Plant height was the lowest in the high concentration during daytime (6/1 $dS\;m^{-1}$, day/night). Yield was very high in the concentration of 1/1 $dS\;m^{-1}$, it decreased with increasing the concentration of nutrient Yield was higher at low concentration (4/1 $dS\;m^{-1}$) at nighttime compared to the same concentration (4/4 $dS m^{-1}$) at daytime and nighttime, and the reverse (1/4 $dS\;m^{-1}$) was similar to the control (perlite culture). Yield was greatly reduced by higher concentration at daytime than nighttime, and the decrease was alleviated by lower concentration at nighttime. With increasing the concentration of nutrient solution during daytime, sugar content of tomato fruit was increased, but yield was decreased. In the other experiment, tomato plants were hydropoically cultured in NFT system diurnally alternated between Aichi's solution and $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution. $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution was supplied for 4 hours from 10:00 to 14:00 at daytime and from 22:00 to 2:00 at nighttime, respectively, and Aichi's solution was supplied for the time except the 4 hours. Ca content of leaves and sugar content of fruit were increased by supplying $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution at daytime compared to nighttime, but plant growth was greatly suppressed by supplying $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution with the concentration of 4 $dS\;m^{-1}(4/4^{Ca}\;dS\;m^{-1})$ at nighttime.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 2001

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki. cv. Fuyu) fruits were packaged under different conditions, and then stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for 21 weeks. The tried packages were heat-sealed bag of one fruit, heat-sealed bag of five fruits, and tie-sealed bag of five fruits, which used films of three different thickness (0.03 ㎜, 0.05 ㎜ and 0.06 ㎜). Throughout the storage, package free volume, package atmosphere and quality were measured. Package free volume decreased with time with higher rate for heat-sealed bags, in which close contact between fruit and the film was eventually reached in longer storage. However, tie-sealed bags maintained the levels of stabilized free volume. The rate of free volume decrease was faster with thinner film and larger bag size for the packs sealed by the same method. Package atmosphere covered $O_2$ concentration of $1.1{\sim}17.1%$ and $CO_2$ concentration of $1.1{\sim}8.3%$, $O_2$ concentration decreased during storage, whereas $CO_2$ increased. Thinner film package created the internal atmosphere of higher $O_2$ and lower $CO_2$ concentrations. Tie-sealed bags of 5 fruits in the films of 0.05 mm and 0.06 mm thickness maintained the equilibrated package atmosphere of $1.1{\sim}3.0%\;O_2$ and $4.0{\sim}5.5%\;CO_2$, which preserved the fruits best in terms of firmness and less physiological changes of flesh browning and peel browning. At five fruit heat-sealed bag in the films of 0.06 mm thickness with $CO_2\;8.3%$, flesh browning occurred at a high rate, whereas all treatments in the film of 0.03 mm thickness with high $O_2$ and relatively low $CO_2$ contents, flesh and peel browning rates were high.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2021

This study was carried out to breed new variety of Pleurotus nebrodensis. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and abroad since 2015. The varieties of P. nebrodensis from China are grown by farmers, but those have been unstable fruiting and are weak against bacterial diseases. To solve this problem, we bred the unique domestic variety 'Uram' of P. nebrodensis and the results of the characteristic test for the new 'Uram' are as follows. The proper temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~29℃ and fruit body growth temperature was 15~18℃. It was similar to the control variety KME65035 of P. nebrodensis in the pileus form of a flat and white color. The number of days required for initial fruting was 5 days for bottle cultivation and 6 days for bag cultivation which was 2-4 days shorter than that of the control variety. The pileus diameter was 32.6-37.0 mm which was smaller but the fruit body length was 130.4 mm, which was longer than those of the control variety. The effective number of fruit bodies was 1.8 in bottle cultivation and 2.9 in bag cultivation, which was more than those of the control variety. The yield rate was 93.3-100%, which was more stable than those of the control variety. In bottle cultivation and bag cultivation, the yield was 173.1 g/bottle (1100 cc) and 283.4 g/bag (1.2 kg), respectively, which was 25-44% higher than those of the control variety 138.0 g/bottle (1100 cc) and 197.4 g bag (1.2 kg). When incubating the parent and control varieties of 'Uram', the replacement line was clear and as a result of mycelial DNA RAPD-PCR reaction, the band pattern was different from that of the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.561-566
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• 2010

The effects of calcium concentrations of coating bag treatment to reduce berry cracking were investigated through the changes of pericarp structure and berry cracking rate in 'Kyoho' grape. The soluble solids and anthocyanin contents in harvested grapes were highest at $18.1^{\circ}Brix$ and $2.56{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ in non bagging group compared with those of calcium coating bag treatments. The firmness of pericarp was lowest in non bagging group ($1.18kg{\cdot}5mm^{-1}{\O}$) compared with bagging treatments (1.23, 1.24, 1.27, $1.35kg{\cdot}5mm^{-1}{\O}$) which increased effectively in proportion to calcium concentration. As a result of histological observation of the fruit skin, the bagging with higher calcium concentration developed thicker epidermal and sub-epidermal layer of cell wall than that of non bagging. Moreover, the strengthened berry skin of calcium treatments effectively decreased berry cracking rate under critical turgor pressure. However, the 9% calcium coating bag treatment which was the most effective for cracking reduction seriously decreased marketability of harvested grape with white color staining on berry skin caused by eluted calcium from the coated paper bag. Based on our results, we recommend that 6% calcium coating bag be available for berry cracking reduction and higher quality production.