• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2013

본 실험은 중부지방에서 벼 재배 시 유기 우분의 연용과 화학비료 시용이 유기 벼의 생산성, 볏짚의 사료가치 및 가축사육능력에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 유기 벼의 생초수량, 건물수량, 식물 1개체 당 낱알의 건물 중 및 개수는 1, 2년차에는 화학비료 시용구가 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.05), 3년차에는 각 시험구 간 유의차는 없었다. 또한 수확지수는 3년 모두 화학비료 시용구가 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 해가 거듭할수록 각 시험구 간의 차이가 약간 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 또한 단위면적당 가축사육능력은 $K_{CP}$와 $K_{TDN}$의 평균값으로 비교해 보았을 때, 화학비료 시용구가 높은 값을 보였고, 각 시험구 간의 차이는 점점 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 특히 $K_{ME}$의 경우 3년차에 우분 시용구가 유의한 차이는 없었지만 높은 값을 보이기도 하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 중부 지방에서 유기 벼 재배 시 우분을 연용 했을 경우, 처음 1, 2년은 화학비료를 시용했을 때 보다는 수량이 낮았지만 3년차부터는 화학비료를 시용했을 때와의 격차가 줄어들기 시작하였으며, 추후 우분을 연용한다면 그 격차는 더욱 줄어들 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2015

본 연구는 충남 천안 국립축산과학원 식용벼 재배지에서 2012년부터 2013년까지 정상적으로 벼 재배가 이루어지고 수확이 완료된 볏짚을 이용하여 수행하였다. 젖산균 접종 유무에 따라 볏짚사일리지의 사료가치 변화는 나타나지 않았으나 클로렐라 처리구는 대조구에 비해 현저하게 조단백질 함량이 증가하였다(p<0.05). 그리고 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 조단백질 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다 (p<0.05). 모든 처리구에서 섬유소와 TDN 함량 및 in vitro 소화율은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 젖산균 접종 유무에 따라 볏짚사일리지의 pH 및 유기산 함량 변화는 나타나지 않았으며 클로렐라 처리구도 무처리구에 비해 pH 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 클로렐라 처리구에서 젖산함량은 무처리구에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 젖산함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 젖산균 단독접종구의 젖산균 수는 무처리구에 비해 현저하게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 그러나 효모와 곰팡이 수는 비슷한 수준을 나타냈다. 그러므로 볏짚사일리지의 사료가치와 품질은 클로렐라 첨가에 의해서 향상될 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2010

The effects of four types of tropical protein-rich trees on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion and blood metabolites in four Thai Brahman cattle (290${\pm}$2.5 kg) were studied. The animals were fed twice daily, with each feeding consisting of 1 kg (fresh weight) rice straw and one of the four dietary supplements: i) 1.98 kg oven-dried rain tree pods (RTP) and 20 g premix (RTPP), ii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried leucaena leaves and 20 g premix (LLRT), iii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried cassia leaves and 20 g premix (CLRT) and iv) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried mulberry leaves and 20 g premix (MLRT). The apparent dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT supplement than in those fed the other supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT and MLRT supplements than in those fed the other supplements. The N-balance of cattle fed LLRT and CLRT supplements was higher (p<0.05) than in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of N was highest (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement, compared to the other supplements. Allantoin and PD excretion in the urine, and the ratios of allantoin/DOMI and PD/DOMI were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT than for those fed LLRT and CLRT supplements. Plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxy butyrate (${\beta}$-HBA) and insulin concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement than in those fed the other supplements. The study demonstrated the value of using local multipurpose trees (MPTs) to improve Brahman cattle feeding systems in the tropics.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1977

볏짚을 이용(理容)한 느타리버섯[Pleurotus ostreaus (Fr.) $Quacute{e}l.$] 재배(栽培)에 있어서 배지량(培地量) 및 종균재식량(種菌裁植量)이 자실체(字實體) 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 보고자 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)한 결과, 볏짚량(量)을 $90kg/3.3m^2$까지 증가(增加)시켰을 때 자실체(字實體) 수량(收量)은 $102kg/3.3m^2$으로 가장 높았고, 종균(種菌)을 표면(表面) 재식(裁植)할 경우(境遇) 종균량(種菌量)은 $8kg/3.3m^2$까지 증가(增加)시키므로서 증수(增收)되었으며 균사생장(菌絲生長) 기간(期間)도 단축(短縮)되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1736-1744
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• 2008

Two experiments were conducted in central Vietnam to test the hypothesis that supplementation with a concentrate, comprising rice bran (45% fresh basis), maize (49%), fish meal (3%), urea (2%) and salt (1%), up to 2% of live weight (LW)/d (dry matter (DM) basis) would linearly increase digestible organic matter intake and LW gain of yellow cattle. In both experiments, there were five treatments, namely a basal diet of fresh grass fed at 1.25% of LW (experiment 1, elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum; experiment 2, native grass) and rice straw (Oryza sativa) fed ad libitum or this diet supplemented with concentrate at about 0.3, 0.7, 1.3 or 2.0% LW. There were 4 male growing cattle per treatment in experiment 1 and 3 in experiment 2. Diets were fed for 44 (experiment 1) or 49 (experiment 2) days, with feed intake recorded daily, LW measured about weekly and digestibility measurements made over 7 days commencing on day 24 (experiment 1) or day 10 (experiment 2). The elephant grass and native grass had neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentrations of 82 and 73% DM, and nitrogen concentrations of 1.3 and 1.8% DM, respectively. The rice straw used had a NDF concentration of 79-84% DM and nitrogen concentration of 0.8% DM. The concentrate had NDF and nitrogen concentrations of 33 and 2.8% DM. In both experiments, DM intake increased (p<0.001) linearly as the amount of concentrate consumed increased. Rice straw intake declined (p<0.001) (experiment 1: 1.24 to 0.48 kg DM/d; experiment 2: 0.95 to 0.50 kg DM/d) as concentrate intake increased. Grass intake was not significantly affected by concentrate intake in either experiment. The lowest amount of concentrate supplement increased forage intake, after which substitution rate increased as the amount of concentrate consumed increased. However, substitution rates at the highest amount of concentrate consumed were modest at 0.3 to 0.5 kg DM reduction in forage intake/kg DM supplement consumed. In both experiments, digestible organic matter intake increased linearly (p<0.001) (experiment 1: 1.16 to 2.38 kg/d; experiment 2: 1.30 to 2.49 kg/d) as the amount of supplement consumed increased, as did LW gain (experiment 1: 0.15 to 0.81 kg/d; experiment 2: 0.15 to 0.77 kg/d). This was associated with significant (p<0.01) linear increases in organic matter intake and apparent organic matter digestibility. Neutral detergent fibre digestibility declined as concentrate intake increased, but the effect was not significant (p = 0.051) in experiment 2. These results are discussed in relation to existing literature and potential to improve the profitability of cattle fattening in central Vietnam.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 1999

상수원 보호지역내 하성충적토의 사력질 벼 재배 논에서 표준시비 농가관행시비, 우분, 우분퇴비, 볏짚퇴비+화학비료감비, 볏짚환원+표준시비 그리고 무비구의 7처리를 하여 벼 재배 과정동안 시비관리방법에 따른 수량과 양분수지 특성을 조사하여 환경친화적 영농방법 설정을 시도하였다. 시비방법에 따른 정조수량은 추천시비구(100)와 우분구(100)에서 가장 우수하였으며, 화학비료 감비구(98) 볏짚환원구(98), 우분퇴비(94), 농가관행구(94) 순으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 처리간 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 질소수지는 농가관행구에서 $+39kg\;ha^{-1}$였으며. 유기물 처리구는 $+44{\sim}76kg\;ha^{-1}$로서 동일 포장조건에서 유기물 처리량이 증가할수록 양분수지의 +값이 커, 질소의 지하용탈량이 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 무기태 질소의 지하용탈량은 화학비료만 시용한 추천시비구($58kg\;ha^{-1}$)와 농가관행구($63kg\;ha^{-1}$)에서 가장 높았으며, 퇴비+화학비료 감비처리나 우분이나 우분퇴비로서 화학비료를 대체한 처리는($23{\sim}27kg\;ha^{-1}$) 화학비료 전용구(R. CF)의 절반 이하 수준($25kg\;ha^{-1}$)까지 줄일 수 있었다. 벼 재배기간중 인산의 지하용탈은 거의 없었다. 우분퇴비구(CMC)의 인산의 수지는 $+30kg\;ha^{-1}$으로 장기 연용에 따라 토양내 인산 축적이 가능성이 있을것으로 예측되며, 다른 처리의 인산 수지는 거의 0에 가까워 벼농사에서의 인산의 시비균형은 비교적 잘 이루어졌다. 칼리의 양분수지는 모든 처리에서 음(-)의 값을 보여 토양내 칼리가 용출되어 작물에 의해 흡수, 이용되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 기존의 화학비료 위주의 추천시비 방식과 양평군 지역에서 주로 이용되고 있는 관행적 시비방법을 우분과 같은 유기질 비료로 적절히 대체 시용하거나, 볏짚퇴비의 환원 등을 통해 화학비료 사용량을 줄임으로써 벼의 수량을 높이면서 오염물질의 지하 유출을 크게 줄일 수 있었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1968

Organic matter in rice-paddy soils exercises two antagonistic effects on the rice plant under water-logged conditions in growing season in the course of its decomposition: It liberates mineral nutrients and promotes soil fertility. On the other hand, however, it demands oxygen for its decay and therefore competes with rice roots for this element, when applied in large quantity of fresh status. For the practical end of rice culture, it is most desirable that these two effects should not contend with each other. To determine the proper content of organic materials to be applied, the influences of varied amounts of a homogeneous mixture of dried green manure, ranging from 0 to 20g/pot (1/20,000 tanbo), upon hte growth of rice was investigated in a sand culture. Labeled phosphorus fertilizer was also used in the form of KH232PO4 to evaluate the availability of this nutrient in the soil. Under the present experimental conditions, green mature seems to have influenced little on the growth of rice, except on number of grains produced and grains/straw ratio. Moreover, no sympton of growth inhibition is obsrvable even by the largest amount of its application. The available phosphorus, as estimated by A-value, appears to have increased, as the amount of organic materials applied increases. In view of the fact that pure sand instead of a paddy soil is used in this culture, the present results would not be directly applicable to practical rice farming. Besides, the estimated A-value is in need of further study, since it varies according to method of application, as suggested by Nishigki et. al. (1958).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-3
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the effects on rice growth, yields and soil improvement under the different nitrogen levels in machine-transplanted rice after plowing at the fruiting stage of milk vetch. The fresh weight of milk vetch at plowing time was 20.95 ton/ha. In dry weight, T-N and C/N were 1.58%, 21.8%, respectively. Organic matter, total nitrogen and exchangeable calcium of soil after the experiment in the plot of milk vetch were higher than those before the experiment. Leaf area and dry weight of rice plants at heading date increased as nitrogen level increased. The number of panicle and spikelets per $\textrm{m}^2$were not different except for the 110 kg/ha nitrogen level plot with milk vetch. Brown rice yield ranged from 5.45 to 6.08 ton/ha, in creasing with increased nitrogen level. So the yield increased by 1% at 77 kg/ha nitrogen level, 7% at 110 kg/ha nitrogen level plot with milk vetch compared with conventional level (rice straw 5.4 ton/ha and nitrogen 110 kg/ha).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.936-941
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• 2004

Four rumen-cannulated cows (330 kg average weight at 4 years) were used to evaluate the supplement of ensiled cassava tops (ECT) (variety KM 94, 39% DM) on rumen functions, thyroid hormones and liver enzymes. The treatments, arranged in a 4 $\times$4 Latin square design, were ECT at 0, 50, 100 and 150 g CP 100 kg$^{-1}$ body weight (BW), and a basal diet of urea-treated fresh rice straw (UFRS) ad libitum and 1.1 kg dry matter (DM) cassava root meal (CRM) in each 30 day study period. The results showed a continuous decrease in dry matter intake (DMI) of UFRS with increasing level of ECT supplement (p<0.001). The highest total DMI was observed for treatment ECT$_{150}$ (2.68 kg DM 100 kg$^{-1}$ BW day$^{-1}$) followed by treatments ECT$_{100}$, ECT$_{50}$ and ECT$_{0}$, with 2.47, 2.24 and 2.06 kg DM 100 kg$^{-1}$ BW⋅day$^{-1}$, respectively. Increasing levels of ECT supplement increased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (p<0.05) and ammonia nitrogen (p<0.05) and resulted in a decrease in pH (p<0.05). Overall average plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations were 0.80, 0.82, 0.85 and 0.69 ng ml$^{-1}$ (p>0.05), and 50.9, 49.5, 50.7 and 42.4 ng ml-1 (p>0.05) for treatments ECT$_{0}$, ECT$_{50}$, ECT$_{100}$ and ECT$_{150}$, respectively. There were non-significant differences in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among treatments. It is concluded that ECT is a valuable protein-rich feed supplement to cattle, and the highest level of on average 2.48 kg DM ECT per cow and day (28% of total DMI) did not significantly affect thyroid gland hormones and liver enzymes in cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.619-624
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• 2000

Low-quality roughages [banana wastes (B), wheat straw (WS) and dried broiler litter (BL)] were ensiled using either sweet whey (W) or diluted molasses (M) as rehydration media to study their effects on milk yield, milk composition and some parameters of blood plasma. The feeding trial involved 25 lactating buffaloes in five groups (five animals each). Buffaloes as control animals received diets of concentrate feed mixture, rice straw and wastelages (70:30:00). In the other 4 treatments, the wastelages replaced 50% of rice straw in the control diets. The wastelages were BL:B:M(3:2:10) (T1), BL:WS:M (3:2:10) (T2), BL:B:W (3:2:10) (T3) and BL:WS:W (3:2:10) (T4) on a fresh matter basis, during the 1st 17 weeks of lactation period. Results indicated that feeding lactating buffaloes on wastelages resulted in slightly higher (p>0.05) milk yield, 4% fat-corrected-milk yield and feed efficiency, and slightly lowered (p>0.05) contents of milk total solids, fat and protein. Wastelages, especially BL-B-M, increased (p<0.05) milk non-protein-nitrogen and ash contents and plasma urea, GOT and GPT. The results demonstrate that banana plant wastes with some additives in silage form may be good untraditional roughage for lactating buffaloes without any adverse effect on milk production.