• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

This study analyzes the characteristics of the urban landscape changes as a result of the introduction of private parks among the long-term uncollected urban planning facilities and enables the analysis of the characteristics of the urban landscape changes as a result of the introduction of private parks, and applied to the private park projects. The DSM with its building was established for the quantitative landscape analysis to examine the view ratio using the stacked visible analysis. The analysis showed that Jikdong Park had a high frequency of view from downtown to green due to its location, and that the development project of a private park on park and town boundaries significantly lowered the view ratio. This implies a large degree of damage to the landscape by development projects provided protection of the view as a natural landscape is of value. Chudong Park also saw its view ratio of views from downtown to the hills green area of Chudong Park was much lower than that of Jikdong Park. And it was confirmed that the ratio of view changes due to development projects was small compared to that of Jikdong Park. In other words, although Jikdong Park and Chu-dong Park were developed in a similar scale in terms of the ratio of views, they were subject to significant damage due to their location characteristics. It is also meaningful to note that the degree of change in the landscape resulting from development projects that could not be found in the assessment or review of the existing Landscape Impact. As private parks are introduced in the urban green belt, apartment development is being pushed for at the edge of the green belt. This study is meaningful in that it is derived based on the calculation that the survey results are derived based on the changes in the views on green areas that urban residents may experience as the private park project is carried out, and it should be introduced based on the calculation of the private parks.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2010

The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel and lesios by post-orthodontic decalcification has been reported with increasing frequency. Even though there have been increasing interests and clinical challenges in esthetic improvement of these lesions, few of studies were reported for using non-invasive approach which is a very significant matter for child and young adults. This study was conducted to assess clinical effect on the improvement in color of these lesions via resin infiltration method developed as minimum invasive technique for white spot. For the 38 maxillary anterior teeth with calcification problem, the changes in color between before- and after- infiltration treatment, were evaluated and summarized as following. 1. A week after infiltration, 25% of developmental defects and 61% of decalcification lesions were improved in color as the value of ${\Delta}E $ below 3.7. 2. 40% of the developmental defects and 6% of decalcification lesions showed no significant change. 3. The developmental defects showed more remarkable changes in color 1 week after infiltration rather than immediately after the treatment. From our study results, it is considered that the amount of color improvement depended on the depth of lesion. In other words, for the lesion having more depth than the depth infiltrant resin can penetrate into, infiltration treatment showed no significant effect. Therefore, for clinical indication of resin infiltration treatment, further research on precise measurement technique of lesion depth is strongly required.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2012

Objective : This research investigated the intervention effects, protocol of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods : For the key words of a database search, "Cerebral Palsy", "Hemiplegia", "Constraint Induced Movement Therapy", "modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy" were used. We examined papers published in journals from January 2001, when the modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy was first suggested, to May 2011, using PubMed, Medline. Ovid. Results : A total of 10 papers were analyzed and results of modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy were an effective therapeutic method to improve motor function, quality of movement and that they also increased the frequency of functional use of the affected hands of hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Conclusion : This paper conducted a systematic review of the research literature reporting on the effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Analysis of the fewer number of papers, there was limitation that we consider studies at all levels of evidence. However the restraint methods should be decided according to the characteristics of the individually and apply a variety of therapeutic activities, there is positive support for the use of modified constraint-induced movement therapy to improve the recovery of the paretic upper extremity with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.92-116
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was a predicative survey to provide home care clients with indwelling urinary catheters for furnishing basic educational material to their families by analyzing the family members' knowledge, educational needs and educational experience about indwelling catheter management. Method : The subjects consisted of 108 family members who cared for home care clients with indwelling catheters. Data were collected by home care nurses in nine hospitals in Pusan, who directly interviewed with them through questionnaires from Sep. 6th to 30th in 2004. The questionnaires for data collection were developed through pre-survey and reference review. The collected data was analyzed by using frequency, percentile, mean, variation, t-test, ANOVA on SPSS 10.1 package. Results : There were characters of home care clients with indwelling catheters: women(67.6%) were more than men; the average age of them was $69.60{\pm}14.99$ years old; neurogenic and cerebrovascular diseases(80.0%) were the most common disease group; 81.5% of them were totally dependent on others in terms of level of activity. Home care clients' families had these characters: women(76.9%) were more than men; the average age was $54.5{\pm}13.70$ years old; 46.3% of them were parents or sons or daughters in terms of relation with patient; tl1e average care period was $39.8{pm}34.20$ months. Level of knowledge about indwelling catheter management of the family members were 69.8% and its mean were $20.24{\pm}4.53$. Educational needs were 90.9% and its mean were $14.55{\pm}3.56$. Educational experience were 53.3% and its mean were $8.53{\pm}4.30$. 'Complications in using an indwelling catheter', 'Symptoms to call for a home care nurse' and 'Method to attach an indwelling catheter' were high ranked in both educational needs and educational experience. 'Anatomy of urinary tract', 'Functions of urinary tract' and 'Catheter placement' were low ranked in both educational needs and educational experience Level of knowledge about indwelling catheter management of the families showed a significant difference according to their age(F=5.35, p=0.01). Educational needs showed a significant difference according to care period(F=3.06, p=0.04). Conclusion: the family members' level of knowledge and educational experience about indwelling catheter management and their educational were not sufficient while their educational needs were high. In other words although the family members were acknowledged education needs, but the care for the patients with indwelling catheter weren't performed well because of their lack of related knowledge. Therefore systematic educational programs about indwelling catheter management for home care clients and their families should be made on the base of this study.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.74-92
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the types of health documents for nurses, the content of informations in the documents, and writing behaviors of occupational health nurses. Health documents were collected from 7 nurses who were working in 7 group occupational health agencies (GOHA) located at Seoul and Inchon area in Korea. The collected health documents written in January to June 1999 were analyzed, and revealed the following results. 1) The occupational health nurses were using 9 to 18 different types of health documents. The contents of the documents were considered quite similar to each other with slightly different headings and items to record. Among different types of health documents. Health Management Card for Workplace', Nursing performance sheet and Workplace environmental checklist were in common among nurses and were used for content analysis. 2) The 'Health Management Card for Workplace' was the only formal sheet of small-scale-enterprises (SSE) for health management, in which health and safety related information was recorded. The information on nursing services were recorded on the Nursing performance sheet, which has slightly different names on each type with similar contents. The Workplace environment checklist was for the information on general work environment management and mainly status of workplace hygiene. This checklist is to be used by or with nurses among the 3 types health professional team such as doctor, hygienist, and nurse, but it seemed not being used frequently by nurses. 3) Analysis on recording tendencies of nurses revealed that the writing styles of occupational health nurses were associated with 'memo' using a few number of words and short sentences. The amount of information by this kind of recording style was considered not enough for health management situation. The possible reasons for nurses to use this writing style might be insufficient time for recording and improper designed format of health documents. Because nurses working in SSE spend more time on the roads to visit workplaces, nurses may not found enough time for recording properly within their working time. In addition, the health records were designed to focus on the frequency of nurse's performance in certain types of work rather than on the method they used to deal with health problems. In conclusion, this study suggests that some steps are necessary to develop health documents and recording system which is appropriate to occupational health nurses. The educational need for nurses on appropriate recording behavior is also recommended.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.607-623
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• 2021

This study presents projections of future extreme climate over the Korean Peninsula (KP), using bias-corrected data from multiple regional climate model (RCM) simulations in CORDEX-EA Phase 2 project. In order to confirm difference according to degree of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, high GHG path of SSP5-8.5 and low GHG path of SSP1-2.6 scenario are used. Under SSP5-8.5 scenario, mean temperature and precipitation over KP are projected to increase by 6.38℃ and 20.56%, respectively, in 2081~2100 years compared to 1995~2014 years. Projected changes in extreme climate suggest that intensity indices of extreme temperatures would increase by 6.41℃ to 8.18℃ and precipitation by 24.75% to 33.74%, being bigger increase than their mean values. Both of frequency indices of the extreme climate and consecutive indices of extreme precipitation are also projected to increase. But the projected changes in extreme indices vary regionally. Under SSP1-2.6 scenario, the extreme climate indices would increase less than SSP5-8.5 scenario. In other words, temperature (precipitation) intensity indices would increase 2.63℃ to 3.12℃ (14.09% to 16.07%). And there is expected to be relationship between mean precipitation and warming, which mean precipitation would increase as warming with bigger relationship in northern KP (4.08% ℃^-1) than southern KP (3.53% ℃^-1) under SSP5-8.5 scenario. The projected relationship, however, is not significant for extreme precipitation. It seems because of complex characteristics of extreme precipitation from summer monsoon and typhoon over KP.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.85-105
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• 1998

This article examined the trend of 125 empirical researches which were published in Jr. of Korean Social Welfare from the first issue to no. 33. in terms of theoretical and methodological orientations. The content analysis was employed for the purpose of the study. Since 1979, the number of empirical researches was in the trend of increasing. The findings from this research were as follows. 1) Among 166 authors, 96.4% were majored in social welfare. Also 6.0% were practitioners and the rest of them were in the position of professors or researchers. The outcome of lack of interdisciplinary co-work and researcher-practitioner co-work led the article to conclude that the nature of applied social science of social welfare was not so actively pursued in Korea. 2) It was almost impossible to find researches which studied same theme or employed same analytical framework. This meant that the work of re-verifying and proving the contray could not be done although it was essential for theory-building. In other words, the disciplinary of social welfare was far behind in the process of theory-building. 3) The methodology upon which most of researches were relied was quantitative methodology(92.8%). The article concluded 'paradigm shift' was not begun in the disciplinary of social welfare yet. 4) The study concluded that the particularity of empirical researches of social welfare in Korea was descriptive-configurative study. Whereas 65.5% of 125 empirical studies were descriptive-configurative, 25% were hypothesis - model test and only 6% causal analysis. 5) The most applied statistic models through the period from 1979 to 1997 were descriptive statistics such as frequency, chi square test, Pearson's r. More advanced statistics such as logit regression, probit regression, path analysis, covariance structure analysis were shown since 1990.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.65-76
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to investigate the types of name spectrum and their characteristics of domestic fashion brand names focusing on women' wear and bisex wear, and also studied the differences based on the sex of brand target. 224 of women's wear brands and 99 of bisex wear brands were selected from ‘2002 Korea Fashion Yearbook’ under the criterion that their brand names were made in Korea and they should engage in business in 2002. The data analysis quatitatively evaluate the frequency and qualitatively evalute the image of brand product and the meaning of brand name. The result as follows; 1.The domestic fashion brands for women's and bisex wear appeared to have to three types of name spectrum ; the descriptive name was the most frequently used one, then followed by the arbitrary, and the suggestive name. There were only one coined brand name and no generic brand name. 2. The characteristics of descriptive brand name was that, in most cases, it used the name of designer. For the suggestive brand name, it implied the features or the image of its products. For the arbitrary brand name, some bear the ideology or the foundation belief of company itself. 3. For women's wear, the discriptive name appeared most, and followed by arbitrary, and the suggestive name. For bisex wear, the suggestive brand name appeared most, and followed by arbitrary name, and the discriptive name. 4. For descriptive brand name, the names of designer were used most in women's wear brands. Otherwise, the brand names that directly described the image or the characteristics of products were used most in bisex wear brands. For suggestive brand name, soft and feminine images were prevailed in women's wear brand names but comfotable and casual images were dominent in bisexsual brand names. For arbitrary brand name, as the various types of languages were combined and the various meanings and words were mixed, and imply the various meanings in both cases, it was hard to classify the characteristics into some categories.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.341-366
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• 2012

'Headline Database of Newspaper Articles' is a database which contains about 141,500 newspaper articles from 1949 to March, 2009. They are collected from two perspectives; 'language' and 'language life' by KOKKEN. There were 3312 newspaper articles (about 2.34%) which included the word ONNA at 'Headline Database of Newspaper Articles'. The number of newspaper articles related to ONNA started to increase in 1975 but they decreased afterwards. They increased rapidly in 1980 and maintained the condition. However, they started to decrease rapidly in 1990 and maintained the decreased condition. They increased rapidly again in 2004 and 2007. The main causes of rapid increase were the commercial message of instant noodles "I am the one who is making. I am the one who is eating." in 1975, newspaper articles related to "Starting of full-scale studies on female language" in 1980, comments of "active women" and "men's crime" related to a murder case of an elementary school student in Sasebo City and mixed attendance books in 2004, a comment of "Women are machines which give birth to babies" in 2007. Those six causes of rapid increase suggested that the perception of gender such as 'Men need to work outside and Women need to do housework and take care of child' which was fixed until then was changing and becoming a stereotype of virtual reality rather than reality. The vocabulary related to ONNA appeared 3411 times among 3312 newspaper articles which included ONNA. Typical forms of the vocabulary related to ONNA were and . They appeared 2390 times and occupied 70% of the whole data. (3411 times) The form of ONNANOKO among the vocabulary related to ONNA appeared 113 times and occupied a high rate. ONNANOKO(113) and other words such as SHOJO(115), JOJI(28), YOJO(9) (152 in total) implied that appearing of young women at newspaper articles were increasing. Also, the vocabulary related to 'female language' such as ONNAKOTOBA(28) ONNANOKOTOBA(10) and a woman's heart such as ONNAGOKORO(35) and ONNANOKIMOCHI(34) appeared frequently. The vocabulary related to JOSEI were divided into <$JOSEI^{**}$> and <$^{**}JOSEI$>. <$JOSEI^{**}$> were mainly related to an occupation. <$^{**}JOSEI$> were mainly used to express women by regional groups such as or combined with modifiers to express women such as . In case with modifiers, WAKAIJOSEI appeared 35 times and showed the highest frequency. It had negative evaluations in many cases. The vocabulary related to JOSI appeared on the form of <$JOSI^{**}$> and mainly associated with 'a girl's school' and 'a female student'.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the landscape characteristics of Youngnam-Lu by performing text analysis of related Korean poems over 600 years. A total of 354 poems were quantitatively analyzed for keywords and terms in particular categories such as nature. As a subsidiary analysis, topographic map was examined using CAD along with analysis of antique maps. Of the 354 poems reviewed, keywords frequently used are: 'Scenic sites'- 56 times, 'Long river' (長江) and 'Long stretched forest'(長林) - 39 times each, 'Superb scenery'- 31 times, 'Large field scenery'- 19 times, and 'Thousand-layered mountain view' - 14 times. In total, these keywords occurred 159 times in 44.9 % of these poems.1) The words used frequently in these poems, especially for those fall under category of nature, can be scored into different subcategories such as natural phenomena and geographical features. Occurrences of terms in each subcategory were main criteria for the analysis and the following is a list of subcategories with frequency in descending order: Natural phenomena (44%), geographical features (33%), plants (14%), and animals (9%). Among natural phenomena, phenomena related to sky were most frequent, 41 times, which might be due to superb sky view from Youngnam-Lu. Also geographical features of Youngnam-Lu were reflected in these poems, and the most prominent features were 'flow of the river' and 'Sand island' located in the Milyang River. These poems contained fairly large number of terms related to musical instruments (8%) which suggest that Young-Nam-Lu as a place where various musical instruments performances were held.