• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.439-455
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• 2023

Free surface fluid oscillation in prolate spheroidal tanks has been investigated analytically in this study. This paper aims is to investigate the sloshing frequencies in spheroidal prolate tanks and compare them with conventional cylindrical and spherical containers to select the best tank geometry for use in space launch vehicles in which the volume of fuel is very high. Based on this, the analytical method (Fourier series expansion) and potential fluid theory in the spheroidal coordinate system are used to extract and analyze the governing differential equations of motion. Then, according to different aspect ratios and other parameters such as filling levels, the fluid sloshing frequencies in the spheroidal prolate tank are determined and evaluated based on various parameters. The natural frequencies obtained for a particular tank are compared with other literature and show a good agreement with these results. In addition, spheroidal prolate tank frequencies have been compared with sloshing frequencies in cylindrical and spherical containers in different modes. Results show that when the prolate spheroidal tank is nearly full and in the worst case when the tank is half full and the free fluid surface is the highest, the prolate spheroidal natural frequencies are higher than of spherical and cylindrical tanks. Therefore, the use of spheroidal tanks in heavy space launch vehicles, in addition to the optimal use of placement space, significantly reduces the destructive effects of sloshing.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1993

본 연구는 정수면으로 부터 얕게 잠겨 항주하는 3차원 수중익에 의한 비선형 조파현상의 특성규명을 위한 기초연구로서 수중익이 예인수조안에서 일정속도로 항주할 때 자유표면에 발생하는 비선형 파형의 특성과 수중익에 작용하는 유체력을 계산하기 위한 수치해법의 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 수치해법으로는 변분원리에 기초한 유한요소법올 사용하였으며 수중익 근처에서는 비선형 자유표면조건을 엄밀하게 만족시켰고 수중익으로 부터 충분히 떨어진 영역에서는 종래의 선형화된 자유표면 경계조건을 만족시켰다. 수치해법의 계산효율을 높이기 위하여 비선형영역과 선형영역 사이에 인위적인 비선형-선형 완충영역을 도입하여 계산영역을 크게 줄였다. 수중익을 간단한 직사각형 보오텍스계로 표현하여 유속과 몰수길이, 보오텍스의 세기 및 분포의 변화에 따른 비선형 파형의 특성을 조사하였으며 특히 자유 보오텍스선이 비선형 파형에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 파동에 의하며 수중익에 유기되는 속도성분들의 크기 및 분포, 양력 및 유기항력에 대한 계산을 수행하여 자유표면의 비선형성에 의한 영향을 규명하였다.

• Selected Papers of The Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-46
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• 1994

In this paper, the effect of a skirt deformation on the responses of an Air Cushion Vehicle in waves is investigated. The air in the bag and plenum chamber is assumed to be compressible and to have a uniform pressure distribution in each volume. The free surface deformation is determined in the framework of a linear potential theory by replacing the cushion pressure with the pressure patch which is oscillating and translating uniformly. And the bag-finger skirt assumed to be deformed due to the pressure disturbance while its surface area remained constant. The restoring force and moment due to the deformation of bag-finger skirt from equilibrium shape is incorporated with the equations of heave and pitch motions. The numerical results of motion responses due to various ratios of the bag and cushion pressure or bag-to-finger depth ratios are shown.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2000
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• pp.81-88
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• 2000

The elastic wave equation is solved using the finite-difference method in 3D space to simulate the seismic wave propagation. It is based on the velocity-stress formulation of the equation of motion on a staggered grid. The nonreflecting boundary conditions are used to attenuate the wave field close to the numerical boundary. To satisfy the stress-free conditions at the free-surface boundary, a new formulation combining the zero-stress formalism with the vacuum one is applied. The effective media parameters are employed to satisfy the traction continuity condition across the media interface. With use of the moment-tensor components, the wide range of source mechanism parameters can be specified. The numerical experiments are carried out in order to test the applicability and accuracy of this scheme and to understand the fundamental features of the wave propagation under the generalized elastic media structure. Computational results show that the scheme is sufficiently accurate for modeling wave propagation in 3D elastic media and generates all the possible phases appropriately in under the given heterogeneous velocity structure. Also the characteristics of the ground motion in an sedimentary basin such as the amplification, trapping, and focusing of the elastic wave energy are well represented. These results demonstrate the use of this simulation method will be helpful for modeling the ground motion of seismological and engineering purpose like earthquake hazard assessment, seismic design, city planning, and etc..

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.467-479
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• 2013

In this paper, a new first-order shear deformation beam theory based on neutral surface position is developed for bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams. The proposed theory is based on assumption that the in-plane and transverse displacements consist of bending and shear components, in which the bending components do not contribute toward shear forces and, likewise, the shear components do not contribute toward bending moments. The neutral surface position for a functionally graded beam which its material properties vary in the thickness direction is determined. Based on the present new first-order shear deformation beam theory and the neutral surface concept together with Hamilton's principle, the motion equations are derived. To examine accuracy of the present formulation, several comparison studies are investigated. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters of the beam on the bending and free vibration responses of functionally graded beam are discussed.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2012

Although the motion of the three-phase contact line on a solid substrate has been extensively studied thus far, the understanding of the dynamics of the contact line of liquid/liquid/gas phases is far from complete. Here we deposit a drop of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on water and HFE-7100 whose free surfaces are exposed to air to observe the flow field around the contact line. By combining the shadowgraph and high-speed imaging techniques, we find that vortices are spontaneously generated at the contact line, which grow in size with time. The flow is attributed to the Marangoni stress that pulls a liquid of lower-surface tension toward a liquid surface having a higher surface tension. However, it is not still clear why the entrained lower-surface-tension liquid should whirl rapidly beneath the contact line. We also visualize the flow by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) to find out that the rotational velocity reaches the order of 1 mm/s near the free surface.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2017

This paper uses the four-variable refined plate theory for the free vibration analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) rectangular plates. The plate properties are assumed to be varied through the thickness following a simple power law distribution in terms of volume fraction of material constituents. The theory presented is variationally consistent, does not require shear correction factor, and gives rise to transverse shear stress variation such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness satisfying shear stress free surface conditions. Equations of motion are derived from the Hamilton's principle. The closed-form solutions of functionally graded plates are obtained using Navier solution. Numerical results of the refined plate theory are presented to show the effect of the material distribution, the aspect and side-to-thickness ratio on the fundamental frequencies. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the free vibration behavior of functionally graded plates.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.219-236
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• 2013

The accurate prediction of motion in waves of a marine vehicle is essential to assess the maximum sea state vs. operational requirements. This is particularly true for small crafts, such as Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASV). Two different numerical methods to predict motions of a SWATH-ASV are considered: an inviscid strip theory initially developed at MIT for catamarans and then adapted for SWATHs and new a hybrid strip theory, based on the numerical solution of the radiation forces by an unsteady viscous, non-linear free surface flow solver. Motion predictions obtained by the viscous flow method are critically discussed against those obtained by potential flow strip theory. Effects of viscosity are analyzed by comparison of sectional added mass and damping calculated at different frequencies and for different sections, RAOs and motions response in irregular waves at zero speed. Some relevant conclusions can be drawn from this study: influence of viscosity is definitely non negligible for SWATH vessels like the one presented: amplitude of the pitch and heave motions predicted at the resonance frequency differ of 20% respectively and 50%; in this respect, the hybrid method with fully non-linear, viscous free surface calculation of the radiation forces turns out to be a very valuable tool to improve the accuracy of traditional strip theories, without the burden of long computational times requested by fully viscous time domain three dimensional simulations.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.104-117
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• 1991

자유표면을 가지는 유체에서 물체가 운동을 하게되면 물체와 자유표면의 교차점 주위에서 유제유동이 매우 급격해진다. 이 유동현상은 부유체의 운동에 따르는 유체유동, 탱크내에서의 슬로싱, 조파기 문제, 물체의 입수등 여러문제에서 발생된다. 이 유동은 교차점 주위에서 특이성을 가진다고 알려져 있었으나 Roberts(1987)는 물체의 운동이 충격운동이 아닐 경우에는 특이성이 존재하지 않는다는 것을 밝혔다. 본 논문에서는 표면장력을 고려하여 물체의 운동이 충격운동인 경우에도 특이성을 가지지 않는 해석해를 구하였고, 해의 특성을 조사하여 진동현상에 대한 임계치를 구하여 교차점에서 떨어진 거리가 이 임계치보다 작은 곳에서는 진동현상이 존재하지 않는다는 것을 밝혔다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1991년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.49-56
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• 1991

Seismic analysis of liquid storage structures is carried out by utilizing 2-dimensional fluid elements of a general purpose structural analysis computer program(ADINA), The present analysis focuses on the effects of the wall flexibility and the sloshing of the free water surface. Due considerations are given to the facts that the fluid has no shear resistance and the free surface motion is subjected to the gravity effect. To validate the present method using 2-dimensional fluid elements, the results of several example cases are compared with those by the Housner's approach for rigid wall case, and with those by the Eulerian formulation for flexible wall case.