• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2019

Where is a better place to live? In the coming era, this should be more than simply a livable place. It should be an adaptable place that has a flexible system adaptable to any new situation in terms of diversity. Customization and real-time operation are needed in order to realize this technologically. We expect a smart city to have a flexible system that applies technologies of self-monitoring and self-response, thereby being a promising city model towards being a better place to live. Energy demand and supply is a crucial issue concerning our expectations for the flexible system of a smart city because it is indispensable to comfortable living, especially city living. Although it may seem that energy diversification, such as the energy mix of a country, is a matter of overriding concern, the central point is the scale of place to build grids for realizing sustainable urban energy systems. A traditional hard energy path supported by huge centralized energy systems based on fossil and nuclear fuels on a national scale has already faced difficult problems, particularly in terms of energy flexibility/resilience. On the other hand, an alternative soft energy path consisting of small diversified energy systems based on renewable energy sources on a local scale has limitations regarding stability, variability, and supply potential despite the relatively light economic/technological burden that must be assumed to realize it. As another alternative, we can adopt a holonic path incorporating an alternative soft energy path with a traditional hard energy path complimentarily based on load management. This has a high affinity with the flexible system of a smart city. At a system level, the purpose of all of the paths mentioned above is not energy itself but the service it provides. If the expected energy service is fixed, the conclusive factor in choosing a more appropriate system is accessibility to the energy service. Accessibility refers to reliability and affordability; the former encompasses the level of energy self-sufficiency, and the latter encompasses the extent of energy saving. From this point of view, it seems that the small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path have a clear advantage over the huge centralized energy systems of a hard energy path. However, some insuperable limitations still remain, so it is reasonable to consider both energy systems continuing to coexist in a multiplexing energy system employing a holonic path to create and maintain reliable and affordable access to energy services that cover households'/enterprises' basic energy needs. If this is embodied in a smart city concept, this is nothing else but smart energy inclusion. In Japan, following the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, a trend towards small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path intensified in order to realize a nuclear-free society. As a result, the Government of Japan proclaimed in its Fifth Strategic Energy Plan that renewable energy must be the main source of power in Japan by 2050. Accordingly, Sony vowed that all the energy it uses would come from renewable sources by 2040. In this situation, it is expected that smart energy inclusion will be achieved by the Japanese version of a smart grid based on the concept of a minimum cost scheme and demand response.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.242-257
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• 2019

The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) stretches two kilometers north and south from the Military Demarcation Line (MDL) of South and North Korea. This area was established as a weapons-free buffer zone when an armistice agreement was signed in 1953. However, there have been several very high-tension military standoffss over the past 65 years. On the South Korean side, civilian access to the Civilian Control Line (CCL) and beyond to the north has been restricted, and natural heritage has been well maintained. Natural heritage is defined as living things, their habitat and non-living things of the ecosystem which deserve to be protected. Research shows that a variety of flora and fauna, their habitat, marshes and geographical structures are found across the DMZ region. Although the DMZ region has not been such a good place for habitat conservation, we can say that this area may be the best location for restoration in terms of its variety of ecosystems and considerable land size. Restoration of course depends on future plans and management policies. This area, including the DMZ and the well-protected north of the CCL, will be the best habitat for endangered species of wild fauna and flora if we classify the various habitat types and create a habitat map. In doing this project, we need to include the estuary of the Han River and the lagoon (brackish water lake) of the East Sea coast. In addition, we must establish long-term plans for conservation and sustainable use and do international scientific research across the DMZ region in collaboration with scientists of South and North Korea and international experts. Mutual cooperation between the two Koreas for investigation and conservation efforts is paramount.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.112-120
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore educational methods for elementary, middle and high schools using school forests via IT convergence. To this aim, we reviewed the previous literature on education using school forests to identify the problems with the existing education using school forests, and conducted interviews with experts to analyze the demands. we proposed an educational method that can utilize the school forests via IT convergence, and explored its validity through content reviews conducted by experts. The findings of this study are as follows. First, we proposed the IT convergence instruction focused on hands-on activities on top of the existing educational contents. Second, we proposed IT convergence instruction that incorporates diverse materials, physical computing tools, and programming tools. Third, we presented methods for utilizing such IT convergence instruction in connection with various elements of the 2015 Revised Curriculum as well as with various other activities such as middle school free semester activities and after-school activities. The school forest is a crucial learning space for the areas related to agriculture and biotechnology. Thus, we anticipate that the IT convergence instruction proposed in this study will lead to the re-discovery and re-evaluation of a value of school forests as an educational space that contributes to fulfilling the objective of the 2015 Revised Curriculum to nurture creative convergent talent.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2018

Objectives: We investigated about the microbial properties and changes in the efficacy of the Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) by natural fermentation. Methods: CL was fermented for four weeks in a well-ventilated place with 2.5% salt. pH, total sugar, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid were measured to determine fermentation characteristics according to fermentation period and salt treatment. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction were carried out for microbial analysis during fermentation. In addition, HepG2 cell was cultured to check the lipid accumulation through oil red O staining and the glucose uptake was analyzed by measuring the 2-NBDG at C2C12 cell. Results: The pH level and the total sugar decreased with the CL fermentation. Total polyphenol and flavonoid increased after CL fermentation. It was confirmed that Leuconostoc mesenteroides were maintained continuously during fermentation. In the salt treatment CL, there was a sharp increase in Rahnella aquatilis. Lactobacillus plantarum matrix was observed in fermented CL. In addition, Lactococcus lactis, Weissella koreensis, R. aquatilis, L. plantarum, Leu. mesenteroides have been added to the salt treatment. Glucose uptake were significantly increased after fermentation with salt for four weeks. Lipid accumulation in the HepG2 cells was observed that there was difference (P<0.01) between free fatty acid group (100%) and decreased 4 weeks after fermentation (90.38%) at $800{\mu}g/mL$. Conclusions: Total polyphenol and flavonoid were increased after CL fermentation. Especially, percentage of the glucose uptake and lipid accumulation inhibition increased in CL fermentation with salt. It is expected that fermentation of salt treated CL will be more effective in diabetes and fatty liver.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is widely used as a food material. Although various physiological activities of rosemary have been reported, there have been no studies on the physiological activity of solvent extracts with different polarities. Rosemary extracts were obtained by extraction of dried powder using 0%, 25%, 50%, 70%, and 95% ethanol (EtOH) in distilled water, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. As these ratios of EtOH are generally chosen by default and scarcely optimized, we investigated the impact of the composition of EtOH in distilled water on extract-related characteristics, such as DPPH free radical scavenging and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition, on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and inhibition of tyrosinase. Adipogenesis inhibition was highest at 70% EtOH. DPPH scavenging activity and inhibition of tyrosinase activity were reduced with 50% EtOH in water. However, inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was higher in 50% EtOH in water. The best solvents in terms of DPPH scavenging activity, inhibition of tyrosinase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, and differentiation of adipocytes obtained with different concentrations of EtOH, although a lower similar activities were found with 50% ethanol. Considering the extraction solvents, a ratio of EtOH in water gives different content and constituents of compounds. These differences will give activities inhibition of adipogenesis, tyrosinase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity, and DPPH scavenging activity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.287-293
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• 2018

The Korean peninsula has been known as an area that is free of volcanic disasters. However, recent observations and research results of volcanoes in Far East Asia, including Baedu Mountain and Japanese volcanoes, show that the Korean peninsula is no longer a safe area from volcanic disasters. Since 2012, the Korean government has been developing an IT-based construction technology, VDRS (Volcanic Disaster Response System), for effective volcanic disaster response system. The main users of VDRS are public officers in central or local governments. However, most of them have little experience and knowledge about volcanic disasters. Therefore, it is essential to develop education contents and implement training on volcanic disaster response for effective response in a real disaster situation. In this paper, we deal with the development of a mobile application based on virtual reality (VR) for realistic volcanic disaster response training. The objectives of training are the delivery of knowledge and experience for volcanic disasters. First, VR contents were generated based on spatial information. A 3D model was constructed based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and visualization models for meterological effects and various volcanic disaster diffusion effects were implemented for the VR contents. Second, the mobile application for the volcanic disaster response training was implemented. A 12-step story board is proposed for volcanic disaster experience. The application was developed with the Unity3D engine based on the proposed story board to deliver knowledge of various volcanic disasters (volcanic ash, pyroclastic flows, volcanic mudflow etc.). The results of this paper will be used for volcanic disaster response and prevention training and for more realistic training linked with augmented reality technology in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1302-1313
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• 2021

In this study, Gami-Sumiwon (GS; Cynanchi wilfordii R., Angelica gigantis R., Lycium chinense M., Betula platyphylla S., Cryptotympana atrata F. and Carthamus tinctorius L.) and/or Sinomenium acutum R. (SC) was extracted with 70% ethanol or water. And We investigated the antioxidant activity effect of GS±SC. The following experimental techniques were used to evaluate the antioxidant efficacy of GS±SC. HPLC chromatogram, heavy metal content, ABTS/DPPH radical scavenging analysis, SOD-like activity assay, FACS, and NO assay. As a result of the experiment, the sinomenine content was found to be higher in DW extracts, and decursin was found to be higher in 80% ethanol extracts. And, the amount of heavy metals in all extracts was below the standard value. ABTS, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was identified that GS±SC(EtOH) was found to have a higher scavenging activity than GS±SC(DW). But, SOD showed the opposite result. No cytotoxicity of GS was observed on Raw 264.7 cells at concentration of 1~100 ㎍/㎖. The ROS production was significantly decreased that GS±SC(DW) was found to have a higher scavenging activity than GS±SC(EtOH). However, NO production showed the opposite result. Looking at the results of SOD and ROS analysis, SC does not seem to have a function of prevention. SC is thought to have an effect on the removal of free radicals generated after oxidative stress. This result objectively confirmed the antioxidant effect of GS±SCs. We will continue to conduct in-depth research. Therefore, it is believed that the possibility of using GS±SCs as a functional material can be established. The more diverse the objectives, the higher the value of GS utilization is thought to be.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.261-285
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• 2017

In this study, we examined the direction of the elderly education to improve the quality of life in the intelligence information society on the basis of the wisdom shown in the "Pan-jo wu-chih lun" of Seng-Zhao. The characteristics of the elderly in the intelligence information society are four-fold. First, the elderly show no deterioration in wisdom. Second, they have a lot of leisure time. Third, they are likely not to adapt in a rapidly changing society. Fourth, they are exposed to an economically vulnerable environment. But in the intelligence information society, the elderly cannot avoid death, and it is difficult for them to have insight into their existence due to the egotism, they take the attitude of attaching themselves only to exiting things. The direction of the Elderly Education to solve the problem is as follows: First, "Learning to know that Life-and-Death-and-suffering is temporary" is to make the elderly aware that the coming mind and the disappearing mind for a specific object are temporary and S?nya. Second, "Learning to be while eliminating the egotism" is set them free from the dogmatism that there is the attan. Third, "Learning to do to break the attachment" is to disabuse them of the idea that things will turn out according to their expectation through an awakening and to transforming their behavior.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.153-172
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• 2016

This study aims at comparing and analyzing early childhood education systems in both South and North Koreas and suggesting educational alternatives for integrating in various aspects based on it, in order to build directions of early childhood education system in the preparation of Unification. A comparative study on the early childhood education system in South and North Korea was done in terms of early childhood education, public education of early childhood. As a result, there were differences rather than similarities in many areas due to the differences of political ideology between the South and the North. First, early childhood is not compulsory, but becomes public in South, while it is partially compulsory and has an overall public system in North in terms of its compulsory education and Pulic education. Second, as a result of comparing operating systems depending on early childhood education institutions in the South and North, there were differences in various areas such as subjects of foundation, classification of age, operating types, etc. Third, looking at its administrative support system, two Koreas has a similarity of a overall dual system, but showed a specific difference. Fourth, its public support had a similarity that early childhood education is done free of charge in two Koreas. In light of the results of comparing the early childhood education system in South and North Korea, this study suggests the following implications. First, as part of an effort to restore similarities of the early childhood education system between two Koreas, a challenge that must be addressed with priority is to integrate early childhood education-nursery in the early childhood education for age 3-5. Second, we'll take an effort to include the early childhood education for age 3-5 in the basic disciplines with 'Making early childhood education public' being currently focused. In addition, we should an attitude to recover a similarity through mutual exchange and to have advantages of the early childhood education in two Koreas as a challenge of taking an effort to integrate the early childhood education in the South and the North various studies and debates, discussions will be made for the meaning of the early childhood education and the integration.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.63
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• pp.195-219
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• 2016

This study aims to examine what Sword martial arts was enforced to military in Hullyeon dogam, Geumweyeong, and Eoyeong-cheong through Siye in chapter gunjeong of Mangiyoram.. The conclusions are as in the following. First, the typical type of siye performed to military were jungsun and gwanmujae. magun and bogun were performed separately with chosi as their center and the basic forms of test have wongi and byeolgi in common. Second, there was a special restriction of application in jungsun. applicants in waegeomgyojeonsu must not apply yedo and hyeopdo in duplicate and applicants in yedo and hyeopdo must not do in the same manner. this was a considerate system to the military because they could be a professional through a systematic training of only one kind of Sword martial arts. Third, one of the special features in gwanmujae was bogun byeolgi. waegeomgyojeon, yedo, hyeopdo, eonwoldo, jedokgeom, bongukgeom, deungpae were designated and performed. 7gi except Sword martial arts in muyedobotongji. Sword martial arts was actually supplied and very helpful to the military. Forth, Siye made the military practice skills and improve martial art ability of their own free will and it was a great reward system to an excellent military at the same time. through this study we can understand the concrete meaning of Sword martial arts at the central military camp in late Joseon dynasty.