• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1646-1655
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• 2015

Korean government has issued the ratings standard for disease control of aquaculture farms according to the Aquatic Life Disease Control Act in 2008. There are five rating criteria within the enforcement regulations; period of disease free, performance of disinfection, environmental and hygienic management, keeping record of trade and sales, completion of education for disease control. There are no application has been applied on the basis of the rating criteria so far because detailed subcriteria and scoring indicators has not established for assessment process. In order to apply the ratings standard for disease control, we set up the subcriteria and new scoring for rating disease control level based on legal criteria in this study. This study was conducted on 90 targeted olive flounder farms in Jeju. The result of disease control level assessment on olive flounder aquaculture farms show the overall average of Jeju-do was 72.9 points and differed depending on the district; 74.7 in Jeju-si and 71.1 in Seogwipo-si, respectively. The Spearman correlation of each evaluation index show the disease control level score was correlated highly with the performance of disinfection(R=0.715, p<0.01), and environmental and hygienic management(R=0.661, p<0.01). The result of correlation analysis show that there is the highest correlation between the aquaculture farm status and the total mortality(R= -0.618, p<0.01). The reliability of the results are considered to be accurate in the Cronbach's alpha value of 0.727.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.526-532
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• 2010

Changes in the nutritional components of Daebong-gam (astringent persimmon) fruit were studied during ripening. The pH rose during ripening and total acidity level fell, from pH 5.36 to pH 5.96 and 0.13% to 0.06%, respectively. Total soluble content did not significantly change. Lightness, redness, and yellowness values, as well as ascorbic acid content, decreased during ripening. The levels of moisture, crude protein, and crude fat also decreased, but nitrogen-free content and crude ash level increased. Daebong-gam was rich in K (96.31~239.47 mg/100 g), P (49.10~55.93 mg/100 g), and Na (15.96~18.13 mg/100 g). Fructose and glucose levels were initially high and increased further during ripening. The glucose content was 4.82% in Daebong-gam, 6.73% in Ban-si, and 7.10% Yeon-Si, respectively. Proline, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid were present at high levels in Daebong-gam. The most common fatty acids were palmitic acid and linolenic acid. Succinic acid was the principal organic acid present.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2003

RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 Ar과 $O_2$의 유량을 25sccm씩 흘리면서 $SiO_2$/Si기판 위에 Sn $O_2$ 박막을 증착하였다. 증착된 박막은 columnar 구조로 성장하였으며 많은 입자들이 뭉쳐서 형성된 양배추꽃(cauliflower) 형태의 뭉친 입자(agglomerates)를 가지는 표면형상이 관찰되었다. 분위기에 따른 어닐링 효과를 확인하기 위하여 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 공기와 질소 분위기하에서 열처리하였다. 열처리한 후 표면거칠기가 개선되었으며, 표면형상의 변화가 발생하였다. 특히 50$0^{\circ}C$, 질소분위기에서 어닐링한 경우는 양배추꽃 형태의 표면형상이 소수의 작은 입자가 뭉친 형태로 분리되면서 입도분포가 개선되었다. 이러한 결과는 어닐링 과정에서 발생되는 응력을 완화시키기 위하여 표면형상의 변화가 발생하는 것으로 판단된다. XPS 측정 결과, 질소 분위기에서 어닐링한 후에 OIs와 Sn5/3d 피크가 낮은 결합에너지에 위치하고 있어 산소공공의 농도가 어닐링 전에 비하여 증가하였음을 확인할 수 있다. 어닐링 전후에 Sn $O_2$ 박막의 면저항 측정 값은 XPS 결과와는 달리 질소 분위기 어닐링한 후에 오히려 면저항값이 크게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 질소 분위기 어닐링한 후 표면형상의 변화에 기인하여 입자간의 연결성이 저하되어 면저항값이 증가한 것으로 추정된다. 산소분위기에서 어닐링한 후에 전체적으로 전기적 특성의 재현성이 개선되었으며 Sensitivity( $R_{air}$/ $R_{gas}$)가 향상되었음을 확인하였다.하였다.석을 통하여 La의 분포를 확인하였으며, HRTEM 분석을 통하여 미세구조분석을 실시하였다.2463eV였다. 10K에서 광발광 봉우리의 919.8nm (1.3479eV)는 free exciton(Ex), 954.5nm (1.2989eV)는 donor-bound exciton 인 I2(DO,X)와 959.5nm (1.2921eV)는 acceptor-bound exciton 인 I1(AO,X) 이고, 964.6nm(1.2853eV)는 donor-acceptor pair(DAP) 발광, 1341.9nm (0.9239eV)는 self activated(SA)에 기인하는 광발광 봉우리로 고찰되었다.가 높을수록 방출전류가 시간에 따라 급격히 감소하였다. 각 duty비에서 방출전류의 양이 1/2로 감소하는 시점을 에미터의 수명으로 볼 때 duty비 대 에미터 수명관계를 구해 높은 duty비에서 전계방출을 시킴으로써 실제의 구동조건인 낮은 duty비에서의 수명을 단시간에 예측할 수 있었다. 단속적으로 일어난 것으로 생각된다.리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고,

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.377-382
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• 1998

Atomic layer deposition(ALD) of amorphous TiN films on $SiO_2$ between 17$0^{\circ}C$ and 21O$^{\circ}C$ has been investigated by alternate supply of reactant sources, Ti[N($C_2,H_5,CH_3)_2]_4$ [tetrakis(ethylmethylamminoltitanium: TEMAT] and $NH_3$. Reactant sources were injected into the reactor in the order of TEMAT vapor pulse, Ar gas pulse, $NH_3$. gas pulse and Ar gas pulse. Film thickness per cycle was saturated at around 1.6 monolayer(MU per cycle with sufficient pulse times of reactant sources at 20$0^{\circ}C$. The results suggest that film thickness per cycle could be beyond 1 MLicycie in ALD, which were explained by rechemisorption mechanisms of reactant sources. The ideal linear relationship be¬tween number of cycles and film thickness is confirmed. As a results of surface limited reactions of ALD, step cover¬age was excellent. Particles caused by the gas phase reactions between TEMAT and NH3 were almost free because TEMAT was seperated from $NH_3$ by the Ar pulse. In spite of relatively low substrate temperature, carbon impurity was incorporated below 4 at%.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.255-268
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• 2016

At present, Ganghwa County and Ongjin County of Incheon Metropolitan City are under the application of a different land use regulation like military regulations, etc. due to distinct characteristics of a border area; moreover, these two Counties have degenerated into the deepening area of economic backwardness and decline with the overlapping application of various land use regulations on the ground that these areas belong to a metropolitan area in view of an administrative district. In addition, different support is also implemented for border areas, such as 'the Special Act on Border Area Support' for the border areas, and development projects for special situation areas, etc.; however, realities are that the border areas are not free from regulations as yet due to the problems of unreality of support projects, and hierarchy of ordinances, etc. Accordingly, this study implemented this research under the judgment that it's about time to mitigate overlapping regulations on regional characteristics of the border areas of Incheon Metropolitan City, i.e. different land use regulation as a border area. It is required that general land use regulations should be mitigated through f lexible deregulation & management of the military regulation on the border areas of Incheon-si, mitigation of regulations under the Metropolitan Area Readjustment Planning Act, and relaxation of the preservation area of cultural properties; particularly, it's necessary to minimize the damage to border areas of Incheon-si caused by overlapping regulations on the areas by exempting the areas from the range of a metropolitan area through acknowledgment of the difference between the distinct characteristics of the border areas and regional, cultural conditions of a metropolitan area.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2009

A 440MHz wireless and passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) based chemical sensor was developed on a $41^{\circ}YX\;LiNbO_3$ piezoelectric substrate for simultaneous measurement of $CO_2$ gas and relative humidity (RH) using a reflective delay line pattern as the sensor element. The reflective delay line is composed of an interdigital transducer (IDT) and several shorted grating reflectors. A Teflon AF 2400 and a hydrophilic $SiO_2$ layer were used as $CO_2$ and water vapor sensitive films. The coupling of mode (COM) modeling was conducted to determine optimal device parameters prior to fabrication. According to simulation results, the device was fabricated and then wirelessly measured using the network analyzer. The measured reflective coefficient $S_{11}$ in the time domain showed high signal/noise (S/N) ratio, small signal attenuation, and few spurious peaks. In the $CO_2$ and humidity testing, high sensitivity ($2^{\circ}/ppm$ for $CO_2$ detection and $7.45^{\circ}/%$RH for humidity sensing), good linearity and repeatability were observed in the $CO_2$ concentration ranges of $75{\sim}375ppm$ and humidity levels of $20{\sim}80%$RH. Temperature and humidity compensations were also investigated during the sensitivity evaluation process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.839-843
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• 2011

ZnO nanostructures were developed on a Si (100) substrate from powder mixture of ZnO and 5 mol% Pd (ZP-5) as reactants by ${\times}$ sccm oxygen pressures(x= 0, 10, 20, 40). DTA (differential thermal analysis) result shows the Pd(5 mol%)+ZnO mixtured powder(PZ-5) is easily evaporated than pure ZnO powder. The PZ-5 mixtured powder was characterized by DTA to determine the thermal decomposition which was found to be at $800^{\circ}C$, $1,100^{\circ}C$. Weight loss(%) and ICP (inductively coupled plasma) analysis reveal that Zn vaporization is decreased by increased oxygen pressures from the PZ-5 at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 30 mins. Needle-like ZnO nanostructures array developed from 10 sccm oxygen pressure, was well aligned vertically on the Si substrate at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 30 mins. The lengths of the Needle-like ZnO nanostructures is about 2 ${\mu}m$ with diameters of about 65 nm. The developed ZnO nanostructures exhibited growth direction along [001] with defect-free high crystallinity. It is considered that Zn vaporization is responsible for the growth of Needle-like ZnO nanostructures by controlling the oxygen pressures. The photoluminescence spectra of ZnO nanostructures exhibited stronger 376.7 nm NBE (near band-edge emission) peak and 529.3 nm DLE (deep level energy) peak.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.825-830
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• 2014

$[(Co_{1-x}Cu_x)_{0.2}(Ni_{0.3}Mn_{0.7})_{0.8}]_3O_4$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}1$) thin films prepared by metal organic decomposition process were fabricated on SiN/Si substrate for infrared sensor application. Their structural and electrical properties were investigated with variation of Cu dopant. The $[(Co_{1-x}Cu_x)_{0.2}(Ni_{0.3}Mn_{0.7})_{0.8}]_3O_4$ (CCNMO) film annealed at $500^{\circ}C$ exhibited a dense microstructure and a homogeneous crystal structure with a cubic spinel phase. Their crystallinity was further enhanced with increasing doped Cu amount. The 120 nm-thick CCNMO (x=0.6) thin film had a low resistivity of $53{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ at room temperature while the Co-free film (x=1) showed a significantly decreased resistivity of $5.9{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$. Furthermore, the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) characteristics were lower than $-2%/^{\circ}C$ for all the specimens with $x{\geq}0.6$. These results imply that the CCNMO ($x{\geq}0.6$) thin films are a good candidate material for infrared sensor application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2000

Recently, the surface electronic states have attracted much attention since their standing wave patterns created around steps, defects, and adsorbates on noble metal surfaces such as Au(111), Ag(110), and Cu(111) were observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). As a typical example, a striking circular pattern of "Quantum corral" observed by Crommie, Lutz, and Eigler, covers a number of text books of quantum mechanics, demonstrating a wavy nature of electrons. After the discoveries, similar standing waves patterns have been observed on other metal and demiconductor surfaces and even on a side polane of nano-tubes. With an expectation that the surface states could be utilized as one of ideal cases for studying two dimensionakl (sD) electronic system, various properties, such as mean free path / life time of the electronic states, have been characterized based on an analysis of standing wave patterns, . for the 2D electron system, electron density is one of the most importnat parameters which determines the properties on it. One advantage of conventional 2D electron system, such as the ones realized at AlGaAs/GaAs and SiO2/Si interfaces, is their controllability of the electrondensity. It can be changed and controlled by a factor of orders through an application of voltage on the gate electrode. On the other hand, changing the leectron density of the surface-state 2D electron system is not simple. On ewqy to change the electron density of the surface-state 2D electron system is not simple. One way to change the electron density is to deposit other elements on the system. it has been known that Pd(111) surface has unoccupied surface states whose energy level is just above Fermi level. Recently, we found that by depositing Pd on Cu(111) surface, occupied surface states of Cu(111) is lifted up, crossing at Fermi level around 2ML, and approaches to the intrinsic Pd surface states with a increase in thickness. Electron density occupied in the states is thus gradually reduced by Pd deposition. Park et al. also observed a change in Fermi wave number of the surface states of Cu(111) by deposition of Xe layer on it, which suggests another possible way of changing electron density. In this talk, after a brief review of recent progress in a study of standing weaves by STM, I will discuss about how the electron density can be changed and controlled and feasibility of using the surface states for a study of 2D electron system. One of the most important advantage of the surface-state 2D electron system is that one can directly and easily access to the system with a high spatial resolution by STM/AFM.y STM/AFM.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compatibility of universal adhesives with two dual-cured resin cements. Eighty human molars were divided into eight groups. Tooth was embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and sectioned horizontally to exposure dentine surface. After polishing with 600-grit SiC paper, adhesives were applied. All-Bond Universal (Bisco), G-premio bond (GC), Scotch-bond universal (3M ESPE), Scotch-bond Multipurpose (3M ESPE) were used in this study. Calibra (Dentsply) as a conventional dual-curing resin cement and RelyX Ultimate (3M ESPE) as an amine free resin cement were used. The adhesives and the cements were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Final specimens were cylinder (diameter 2mm, height 3mm) shape. After storing in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 7 days the shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between the adhesives when RelyX Ultimate was used (p>0.05). However, when Calibra used with Scotch-bond Multipurpose and All-Bond Universal were used, statistically higher SBS was observed, as compared to the groups which Calibra cements with G-premio bond and Scotch-bond universal adhesive (p<0.05) were used. Within the limitations of this study, RelyX Ultimate resin cement was compatible with universal adhesives of various pH. All-Bond Universal adhesive was compatible with a resin cement containing the tertiary amine.