• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.513-517
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• 2013

This study focused on the synthesis of $Nb_xSrTi_{1-x}O_3$ photocatalysts which partially inserted Nb ions with excellent ability of fluorescence into the perovskite structured $SrTiO_3$ frameworks and their photocatalytic hydrogen productions from methanol/water splitting corresponding to the molar ratios of Ti and Nb. The characteristics of the synthesized $SrTiO_3$ and $Nb_xSrTi_{1-x}O_3$ powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and UV-Visible spectrometer. The hydrogen evolution from methanol/water photo-splitting was enhanced over $Nb_{0.05}SrTi_{0.95}O_3$ compared to those over $SrTiO_3$ and another $Nb_xSrTi_{1-x}O_3$; 4.9 mL of hydrogen gases was collected after 8 h when 0.5g of $Nb_{0.05}SrTi_{0.95}O_3$ catalyst was used in pH 10.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.19D no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

The main purpose of this paper is to propose the direction of financial IT development in macro-perspective. And it also shows a theoretical basis on the financial IT system that will be progressed with regard to an empirical model on the basis of the transformation process of the domestic financial IT environment for the future. In the process, this research produces and analyzes the meaningful patterns that have a significant influence on the financial IT development for 40 years, and attempts to backtrack the life-cycle of the core-banking model. This paper can be summarized as follows: Firstly, I analyzed the life-cycle of financial IT system in Korea per 10years. Secondly. The life-cycle of core-banking model is analyzed by 11years on the average and the one of the long term model by 33years. Thirdly, from the earlier days, the models of a long-term survival core-banking have been designed and developed through the objective analysis and bench-marketing. Lastly, the financial IT field should be developed into the integrated industry, and systematization of core-banking model studies and more professionals need to be extended. This research has contributed to provide the new frameworks through the analysis of the core-banking model that has not studied obviously for a long time. The paper involves two related sections, the first section deals with the significance of backtracking in core-banking model and also focuses on the key components from the perspective of financial IT management strategies. Based on the process, the second section figures out the life-cycles of actual core-banking model.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.251-256
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• 2007

The crystal structure of fully dehydrated partially Cs+-exchanged zeolite X, [Cs52Na40Si100Al92O384], a = 24.9765(10) A, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21 °C. The crystal was prepared by flow method for 5 days using exchange solution in which mole ratio of CsOH and CsNO3 was 1 : 1 with total concentration of 0.05 M. The crystal was then dehydrated at 400 °C and 2 × 10-6 Torr for 2 days. The structure was refined to the final error indices, R1 = 0.051 and wR2 (based on F2) = 0.094 with 247 reflections for which Fo > 4σ (Fo). In this structure, about fifty-two Cs+ ions per unit cell are located at six different crystallographic sites with special selectivity; about one Cs+ ion is located at site I, at the centers of double oxygen-rings (D6Rs), two Cs+ ions are located at site I', and six Cs+ ions are found at site II'. This is contrary to common view that Cs+ ions cannot pass sodalite cavities nor D6Rs because six-ring entrances are too small. Ring-opening by the formation of ?OH groups and ring-flexing make Cs+ ions at sites I, I', and II' enter six-oxygen rings. The defects of zeolite frameworks also give enough mobility to Cs+ ions to enter sodalite cavities and D6Rs. Another six Cs+ ions are found at site II, thirty-six are located at site III, and one is located at site III' in the supercage, respectively. Forty Na+ ions per unit cell are located at two different crystallographic sites; about fourteen are located at site I, the centers of D6Rs and twenty-six are also located at site II in the supercage. Cs+ ions and Na+ ions at site II are recessed ca. 0.34(1) A and 1.91(1) A into the supercage, respectively. In this work, the highest exchange level of Cs+ ions per unit cell was achieved in zeolite X by conventional aqueous solution methods and it was also shown that Cs+ ion could pass through the sixoxygen rings.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.297-321
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• 2011

Under the UN Security Council Resolution 1540/1810 in 2004 to restrict the proliferation of WMD (weapons of mass destruction) and their means of delivery, many countries have taken great efforts to, control the export of strategic items, thereby preventing the transfer of ABCM (atomic, biological, chemical weapons, missiles) and technologies and goods related to conventional weapons or dual-use items, Compliance Program (CP) in Korea or Internal Compliance Program(ICP) in Japan refers to a company's internal system or rules to comply with the export control laws and regulations, and is to prevent the unintentional illegal export of strategic items. This paper analyzes the Compliance Program (CP) of strategic export control system between Korea and Japan. Both countries have very similar legal frameworks under the guiding principles of multilateral export control regimes. However, there are some differences in actual procedures, classification service, supporting system, export license, sanctions for illegal exporters, etc. Korea should take more active and customer-oriented measures to promote the Compliance Program (CP) into Korean export companies for better awareness and positive attitude, practical information and education, smoothy government-firm communication, closer cooperation between Korea and Japan, etc.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-41
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• 1996

In the situation of rapid industrialization based on the lopsided development of economy since 1960, Korean rural society has faced a crisis of disruption. As a result, the civilian government has tried a few actions to change the circumstance. However, it is said that the coral polices were not satisfactory. Those who were concerned with the rural problems of these days argue that it is necessary to adopt new policies and further to change the policymakers` philosophies concerning the matter. The arguments are certainly based on the beliefs that the sound policies come from the sound philosophies. This study aims to analyze the existing rural polices and their policymakers` philosophies and to design of a new paradigm. For the purpose, this study was set there specific objectives: First, to overview the moor points of Quantitative Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and the Social Justice Theory of John Rawls, the contrasting frameworks of the moral philosophies; Second, to trace the major or trade of the rural policies since 1960s in Korea; Third, to analyze the policymakers` philosophies reflected on the rural policies; Fourth, to design a new paradigm of the rural policies. This study mainly adopted descriptive method based on the various source of government and non-government statistics, white papers and other researches. The major findings of this study may be summarized as follows: 1. The historical epochs of the rural policies in Korea was divided into the periods: (1) An organizational and institutional establishment for self-reliance of main crops and the New Village Movement $(1969{\sim}70)$; (2) An initiation of `open-door` policies to the foreign farm products $(1970{\sim}80)$; (3) Completion of the UR meetings and the recommendations of the Rural and Fishery Development Commission (1980-present). 2. It was found that the philosophical foundations of coral policies were directly reflected from the utilitarianism of the national development. Under the philosophy it was the modem sector of economy that was to spearhead the national development, and the rural sector was situated to the peripheral position and hardly in the spot-light. Therefore, it may be said that the present situation of the rural society was largely rooted in the model of economic development. 3. As a new direction of the coral policies, many studies were focussing on the NTC (non-trade concerns) functions of agriculture for the present and future society. The researchers argue that the cost of protecting and supporting agriculture and rural society may be higher than that of the burden which the nation should be bear in the case of failure of agriculture. Although it tray be true, however, it should be noted that the argument is another type of utilitarianism which prevailed in the past. As a philosophy of rural policies, utilitarianism is straight forward and persuasive, however, it has also limitations in terms of relativism in broad sense or social justice in specific manna. 4. This study suggests to set the philosophical foundations of rural policies on the basis of Rawl`s Theory of Justice mentioned earlier. It emphasizes the inviolability of social justice which was neglected for the national benefits timing the period of development dictatorship in 1960s and 1970s. The principles of social justice for coral people were identified as twofold; (1) The principle of the t equal liberty; (2) (a) Difference principle, (b) The principle of fair equality of opportunity.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2007

Under ubiquitous environment, applications can gather and utilize various sensing information. There are many issues such as energy management, protocol standardization, independency on sensor fields, and security to be resolved for the complete ubiquitous computing. Especially, the independent information access in the sensor field is one of the most important issues to maximize the usability of sensors in various sensor fields. However, existing frameworks are not suitable for the ubiquitous computing environment because of data heterogeneity between data elements in sensor fields. Existing applications are dependent to sensor fields and sensors in the existing ubiquitous computing on environment is dependent to the application in the sensor field. In other word, an application can utilize just information from a specific sensor field. To overcome this restriction, many issues from a hardware or software view must be resolved. In this paper, we provide the design and implementation of the Metadata Registry-based framework (UbiMDR) of the Ubiquitous environment. This framework can provides the semantic interoperability among ubiquitous applications or various sensor fields. In addition, we describe comparison evaluation between conventional Ubiquitous computing framework and UbiMDR framework with data accuracy of interoperability.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2009

In order to analyze the consciousness of the general public toward wetland conservation issues, three hundred people, chosen to reflect a representative sample of the issues, including the general public and stakeholders of wetlands in Korea, were questioned for a one month period from September 5th, 2007. With regard to a question about the current level of wetland conservation in Korea, only 9.7 percent of the survey group answered that it has been adequately conserved. This suggests that there is a strong need to reform existing policies and management frameworks pertaining to wetland conservation. While the stakeholders recognized the public values derived from wetlands very well, 58.8 percent of the general public did not understand the values at all. This suggests that increased and systematic education and public relations programs for wetlands and their public values should be launched, especially for the general public. With regard to the effects brought about by levels of wetland conservation, 83.2 percent of the survey group answered that wetland conservation was very important for both the natural environment and development of Korea, while 63.5 percent of the group answered that it was very important for themselves and their family. Surprisingly, 85.1 percent of the survey group said a wetland should be conserved, even though there are no direct economic benefits from doing so. With all these survey results, the general public in Korea thinks that wetlands are an important and precious public asset which should be passed to the next generation.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.89-120
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• 2010

In this paper, we analyse empirically the relations between ownership structure and cash holdings of firms listed on Korea Securities Market and Kosdaq Market of Korea Exchange. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. Cash holdings increase as large shareholder's equity holdings increase. Cash holdings increase as the difference between first largest shareholder's and second largest shareholder's equity holdings increase, and cash holdings increase as the ownership concentration increase. Managerial ownership exert a non-linear effects on cash holdings. So to speak, at lower level of managerial ownership, managers hold more cash to pursue their own interests at the expense of minority shareholders, but at higher level of managerial ownership, the interests of managers and shareholders are aligned, and also at highest level of managerial ownership, managers hold more cash to pursue their own interests at the expense of minority shareholders. Cash holdings increase larger in owner-controlled firm than in management-controlled firm. These results support the expropriation of minority shareholders hypothesis that large shareholders can extract private benefits from corporate resources under their control at the expense of minority shareholders. This paper contributes to defining information value of large shareholder's equity holdings on cash holdings for a firms' other stakeholders such as investors and creditors, and to strengthening a legal and institutional safeguard for external minority shareholders. Ownership concentration might have negatively affected the evolution of the legal and institutional frameworks for corporate governance and the manner in which economic activity is conducted. It could be a formidable barrier to future policy reform.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.127-135
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• 2010

As logistics facilities have a high ceiling height, simple structure, and the need for a quick return on investment, it is usually essential to advance the construction schedule of such facilities. Accordingly, PC structures, which require less labor, cost and schedule, can be more competitive than RC structures. However, most construction companies in Korea are familiar with RC structure design, have negative perceptions regarding PC structures, and do not sufficiently adopt new construction techniques. The structure that this research features has 110 columns that are 14 m high and are built to the same specification, and applying an RC design to the structure will lead to issues related to constructibility, economic viability, project duration and safety. Therefore, this study intends to feature PC design as an alternative to the RC warehouse design, and perform a comparative analysis of the reduction in labor, cost and construction schedule to highlight benefits. The research outcomes herein will provide inputs to subsequent studies on new construction strategies to advance the construction schedule, improve quality and constructibility, enhance safety and save costs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.124-134
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• 2006

Statement of problem: Streptococcus produces energy and forms extracellular polysaccharides by metabolizing sucrose. Insoluble glucan, a kind of extracellular polysaccharide, is the important material of dental plaque. Fructose affects the metabolism of sucrose. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fructose on the metabolism of sucrose in Streptococcus mutans. Materials and methods: To determine the effect of fructose on the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt, S. mutans and fructose were placed in beakers containing M17 broth and sucrose. The wires were hung on frameworks inserted into cork stoppers, and then immersed in each of the beakers. After the incubation with gentle shaking, each wire was weighed. To analyze the effect of fructose on the sucrose metabolism by S. mutans or glucosyltransferase, S. mutans and fructose were placed in M17 broth containing sucrose. After the incubation. the remaining sucrose and polymers were analysed by thin layer chromatography. Results: The following results were obtained; 1. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media containing 3% sucrose for 8 hours, the mean weight of formed artificial plaque on the wires was $124.3{\pm}3.0mg$, whereas being reduced to $20.7{\pm}10.2mg$ in the media added with 3% sucrose and 4% fructose(p<0.05) 2. When the control containing glucose was added with sucrose, the optical density of Streptococcus mutans solution cultured for 24 hours was not increased compared with the control, while being increased by adding with fructose. 3. When Streptococcus mutans was incubated in the media added with sucrose and fructose for 8 hours, the number of viable cells was increased compared with the media added with sucrose. 4. The amount of remained sucrose was increased in Streptococcus mutans culture supernatant of media added with sucrose and fructose than with sucrose only. but the amount of produced insoluble glucan was decreased. 5. The amounts of remained sucrose and produced soluble glucan were increased in the culture of glucosyltransferase-contained media added with sucrose and fructose than with sucrose only, but the amount of produced insoluble glucan was decreased . Conclusion: These results indicated that the sucrose metabolism and the production of insoluble glucan were inhibited in Streptococcus mutans by adding fructose in the media containing sucrose.