• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

A method was developed to separate, detect and qualify aldicarb, bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methomyl, methiocarb, propoxur in meats and fruits. Experimental beef and fork samples were fortified with 0.05mg/kg of carbamate pesticides for analysis. Carbamate-detected pear by HPLC fluorescence detector(HPLC/FLS) are extracted with acetonitril and refined by solid phase extraction(SPE) filled with aminopropyl-bonded silca, In the following step, the injected materials into LC/MS are analyzed to result in the fact that bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methomyl, methiocarb, propoxur presents several sorts of fraction ions following with; [M+H]$^{+}$, [M+Na]$^{+}$,［M-CONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$, [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$. In addition, ethiofencarb presents [M-SCH$_2$$CH_3$]$^{+}$ ion distinctive and aldicarb presents [M+Na]$^{+}$ and [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ ion which is the most decisive fraction ion for pesticides such as bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methiocarb, methomyl, propoxur excluding [M+H]$^{+}$ ion. However, [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ and [M-OCONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ fraction ion charactering carbamate pesticides are detected most efficiently with fragment voltage 50ev. As a result, for rluantitative analysis, [M+Na]$^{+}$ ion is the most decisive ion for detection of aldicarb and [M+H]$^{+}$ ion is the most decisive fraction ion for Pesticides such as bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethiofencarb, methiocarb, methomyl, propoxur. Carbaryl-detected pear by HPLC/FLS are analyzed by L/MS and the result shows that [M+H]$^{+}$ and [M-CONH$CH_3$]$^{+}$ ions charactering carbaryl are detected.ering carbaryl are detected.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 1987

To investigate ginseng oligopeptides with biological activities, the water extract was purified by ultra-filtration, gel filtration, ion-exchange and thin layer chromatography. Ultra-filtered water extract exhibited antilipolytic activity, inhibiting epinephrine-induced lipolysis in the isolated fat cells of rat epididymal adipose tissue. The filtrate was separated into 3 fractions by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration. Peptides were found only in the first fraction(S-FI). Saponine and sugars were also detected in tie fraction. S-FI fraction resolved further into 6 fractions by Dowex 50 ion-exchange chromatography. The sugar and saponine depleted fraction(P-F2) from the second chromatography showed antilipolytic activity. The P-F2 fraction revealed 6 spots on TLC. The 6 spots were isolated by TLC and identified as peptides.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2002

The water fraction exhibiting anticancer activity was prepared from 70% methanol extract of Artemisis argyi by stepwise solvent partioning. This water fraction(5 $\mu$g/ml concentration) showed a considerable cytotoxicity against leukemic L1210 cells with a maximal value of 92% for 3 days culture. Contrastingly to such substantial anticancer activities the identical fraction showed far low toxicity against normal lymphocytes than chloroform fraction of Artemisia argyi mitomycine and 5-fluorouracil at every concentration ranging 0.01$\mu$g/ml~10.00$\mu$g/ml. The cytotoxicity displayed against L1210 cells by the water fraction of Artemisia was found to be proportinal to the decrease of viability of L1210 cells. On the other hand, $O_2$ion generation in L1210 cells appeared to be elevated in accordance to cytotoxicity by the water fraction with concurrent increases of superoxide dismuatse (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) which are responsible for the conversion of $O_2$ ion and $H_2O$$_2$ respectively These findings taken together indicate that the death of L1210 cells by the water fraction of Auemisia atgyi, may be induced at least in part by the detrimental action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including $O_2$- in spite of substantial extorts of SOD and GPx to overcome the attack of ROS.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.421-435
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• 2010

This paper utilizes the modified Davis model and the mode coupling theory, as parts of the electrolyte solution theory, to investigate the diffusivity of the ion in concrete. Firstly, a computational model of the ion diffusion coefficient, which is associated with ion species, pore solution concentration, concrete mix parameters including water-cement ratio and cement volume fraction, and microstructure parameters such as the porosity and tortuosity, is proposed in the saturated concrete. Secondly, the experiments, on which the chloride diffusion coefficient is measured by the rapid chloride penetration test, have been carried out to investigate the validity of the proposed model. The results indicate that the chloride diffusion coefficient obtained by the proposed model is in agreement with the experimental result. Finally, numerical simulation has been completed to investigate the effects of the porosity, tortuosity, water-cement ratio, cement volume fraction and ion concentration in the pore solution on the ion diffusion coefficients. The results show that the ion diffusion coefficient in concrete increases with the porosity, water-cement ratio and cement volume fraction, while we see a decrease with the increasing of tortuosity. Meanwhile, the ion concentration produces more obvious effects on the diffusivity itself, but has almost no effects on the other ions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.174-176
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• 2002

A total of 134 patients with stage 1 of non-small cell lung cancer treated by carbon ion beam of HIMAC NIRS were investigated for control rate and delivered dose. The delivered dose of every patient was converted to biological effective dose (BED) of LQ model using fraction number, dose per fraction and alpha beta ratio which shows the maximum correlation between BED and tumor control. The BED of every patient was classified to establish a BED response curve for control. Assuming fraction numbers, dose response curves were introduced from BED response curve. The total doses to realize several control rates were obtained for the treatment of small fraction number.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.578-583
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• 2005

Cell-free culture broth of marine halophilic bacterium, Kordia algicida was shown to possess specific algicidal ability against red tide organism, Cochlodinium polykrikides. Physiochemical characteristics of algicidal material originated in the bacterial culture broth were analyzed that its molecular weight was estimated to a 3,000 dalton and it was stable in heat and pH treatment. The algicidal fraction against C. polykrikoides obtained from gel permeable chromatography contained high concentration of ammonium ion as analyzed by ICP/Mass spectrum. C. polykrikoides by the fraction was quickly lysed within 1 min. It was shown that the effective concentration for algicide against C. polykrikoides was over 1mM of ammonium chloride. On the other hand, other metal ions presented in the algicidal fraction showed no algicidal effect against C. polykrikoides. In additon, ammonium ion exhibited species-specific killing spectrum for two species of red tide organisms, C. polykrikoides and Gymnodinium sanguieum. Therefore, further researches on the killing mechanism against C. polykrikoides exerted by ammonium ion, and subsequent development of replaceable algicidal materials will perform to provide useful tools for the control of red tide.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2014

This study was performed to identify the optimum fractionation method and conditions to obtain exopeptidase-active fractions from octopus hepatopancreas (HP) crude extracts (CEs) using four techniques: solid ammonium sulfate fractionation, polyethylene glycol (PEG) fractionation, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The fractions with the highest total activity toward L-leucine-p-nitroanilide (Leu-pNA) were fraction IV from the ammonium sulfate and PEG fractionation, and fraction II in ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The total exoprotease activity of these fractions was highest in fraction IV (4,050.20 U) of ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by fraction II (3,600.28 U) from gel filtration chromatography, fraction IV (2,861.30 U) from PEG fractionation, and fraction II (2,576.28 U) from ion exchange chromatography. These results suggest that ammonium sulfate fractionation using 60-80% ammonium sulfate was the most efficient method for separating the exoprotease active fractions from CEs of octopus HP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.368-368
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• 2008

Ion implantation has been widely developed during the past decades to become a standard industrial tool. To comply with the growing needs in ion implantation, innovative technology for the control of ion beam parameters is required. Beam current, beam profile, ion fractions are of great interest when uniformity of the implant is an issue. Especially, it is important to measure the spatial distribution of beam power and also the energy distribution of accelerated ions. This energy distribution is influenced by the proportion of mass for ion in the plasma generator(ion source) and by charge exchange and dissociation within the accelerator structure and also by possible collective effects in the neutralizer which may affect the energy and divergence of ions. Hydrogen atom has been the object of a good study to investigate the energy distribution. Hydrogen ion sources typically produce multi-momentum beams consisting of atomic ion ($H^+$) and molecular ion ($H_2^+$ and $H_3^+$). In the beam injector, the molecular ions pass through a charge-exchanges gas cell and break up into atomic with one-half (from $H_2^+$) or one-third (from $H_3^+$) according to their accelerated energy. Burrell et al. have observed the Doppler shifted lines from incident $H^+$, $H_2^+$, and $H_3^+$ using a Doppler shift spectroscopy. Several authors have measured the proportion of mass for hydrogen ion and deuterium using an ion source equipped with a magnetic dipole filter. We developed an ion implanter with 50-KeV and 20-mA ion source and 100-keV accelerator tube, aiming at commercial uses. In order to measure the proportion of mass for ions, we designed a filter system which can be used to measure the ion fraction in any type of ion source. The hydrogen and helium ion species compositions are used a filter system with the two magnets configurations.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2021

Background: The article presents the results of studies performed in order to develop a new method of airborne potassium bromate(V) determination at workplaces. Methods: The method is based on a collection of the inhalable fraction of potassium bromate(V) using the IOM Sampler, then extraction of bromates with deionized water and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The analysis was performed using ion chromatography with conductometric detection. The tests were performed on a Dionex IonPac®AS22 analytic column (250 × 4 mm, 6 ㎛) with AG22 precolumn (50 × 4 mm 11 ㎛). Results: The method provides for potassium bromate(V) determination within the concentration range of 0.043 ÷ 0.88 mg/m³ for an air sample of 0.72 m³ in volume, i.e., 0.1-2 times the exposure limit value as proposed in Poland. The method was validated in accordance with PN-EN 482. The obtained validation data are as follows: measuring range: 3.1-63.4 ㎍/mL, limit of detection (LOD) = 0.018 ㎍/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) = 0.053 ㎍/mL. The developed method has been tested in the work environment, on laboratory employees having contact with potassium bromate(V). Conclusion: The analytical method allowed the determination of the inhalable fraction of airborne potassium bromate(V) at workplaces and can be used to assess occupational exposure.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.903-907
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• 2010

We isolated a calcium-binding substance from Smilacis rhizoma hot-water extract using ion exchange, normal phase HPLC, and gel filtration chromatography; fractions were analyzed for calcium-binding activity. Fractions (F6) with the highest calcium-binding activity from the resource Q coulmn were pooled and further purified on an $NH_2$ column. Two major peaks were separated and the fraction (F61) with the higher calcium-binding activity was then loaded onto a $Superdex^{TM}$ column. A single peak (F611) with calcium-binding activity was finally obtained. These results suggest that the isolated calcium-binding fraction could be used as a functional food additive, similar to a calcium supplement, in the food industry.