• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2006

To determine the amount of phytate in rice grains from various cultivars, two methods were employed and compared in respect of the accuracy and conveniency. Phytate in rice samples was extracted with HCl, and then the extracts were subjected to an anion-exchange column. Finally, the phytate in eluate was quantitated using two methods: one method is based on the complex formation between ferric ion and sulfosalicylic acid in the presence of phytate, and the other is the prior acid digestion of phytate sample, followed by the colorimetric determination of liberated phosphorus. Although two methods showed similar values of phytate in rice samples, the former method is simpler and more precise than the latter. Moreover, the former is more reliable for the samples with lower phytate levels. Especially, the dilution condition of rice sample before anion exchange column separation was important for the recovery of phytate in rice samples. Based on the former method, the amount of phytate in rice of various cultivars was estimated to range from 7.3 mg/g to 12.4 mg/g rice. This method would be useful for the determination of phytate in crop samples with a lower level of phytate, one of anti-nutrients in some agricultural plants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4421-4426
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• 2016

Background: Smoking is recognized as a main leading preventable cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is responsible for a considerable financial burden both on the health system and in society. This study aimed to examine the effect of smoking on cost of hospitalization and length of stay (LoS) among patients with lung cancer in Iran in 2014. Materials and Methods: A total of 415 patients were included in the study. Data on age, sex, insurance status, type of hospitals, type of insurance, geographic local, length of stay and cost of hospitalization was extracted by medical records and smoking status was obtained from a telephone survey. To compare cost of hospitalization and LoS for different smoking groups, current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers, a gamma regression model and zero-truncated poisson regression were used, respectively. Results: Compared with never smokers, current and former smokers showed a 48% and 35% increase in hospitalization costs, respectively. Also, hospital LoS for current and former smokers was 72% and 31% higher than for never smokers, respectively. Conclusions: Our study indicated that cigarette smoking imposes a significant financial burden on hospitals in Iran. It is, however, recommended that more research should be done to implement and evaluate hospital based smoking cessation interventions to better increase cessation rates in these settings.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose ATM switch architecture including ALL type 2 switch which can efficiently transmit low-bit rate data, even if the network has many endpoints. We simulate the architecture of ATM switch fabric that is modeled in computer program and analyze the performance according to offered loads. ATM switch proposed in this paper can support cell switching for all types of m cells which consist of ALL type 1. ALL type 2, ALL type 3/4 and ALL type 5 cells. We propose two switch fabric methods; One supports the ALL type 2 cell processing per input port, the other global ALL type 2 cell processing for every input port. The simulation results show that the latter is superior to the former. But the former has a merit for easy implementation and extensibility. In this paper, the AAL Type 2 switch module which adapts the former method is designed using VHDL language and implemented in FPGA chip. The designed AAL Type 2 switch module operates at 52MHz. The proposed ATM switch fabric is widely applicable to mobile communication, narrow band services over ATM network and wireless ATM as well as general ATM switching fabric.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.159-175
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• 2011

"Hwangjenaegyeong-taeso(黃帝內經太素)" is a classic work of Yang Sang-seon(楊上善), which comprises original articles of "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" along with "Somun(素問)", "Yeongchu(靈樞)", and "gapeul(甲乙)", as a one of the oldest annotated publications. Therefore, its significance lies in that "Hwangjenaegyeong-taeso(黃帝內經太素)" is a valuable work to reconstruct the original text of "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" and comprehend its fundamental ideas. The only printed edition of "Hwangjenaegyeong-taeso(黃帝內經太素)" was photocopied in 1981, and is currently known as 'Orient Edition'. While 'Orient Edition' was referred to as the draft for the latest revised edition, volume 21 and 27 were photocopied from hand-copied edition, not the original. The original publications of 'Orient Edition' have been stocked at 'Haengwuseook(杏雨書屋)' of Japan and were recently published. Hence, a comparative study between the two original volumes and the former ones has been conducted. Although the most of the differences were trivial, some may have led to distorted interpretation of the text. The errors of the former revised edition fall into a few specific categories, and the most significant ones were errors that were made during the hand-copying procedure. Moreover, there were errors that were made due to the low resolution of the former draft, and simple errors during the publishing. In this work, examples of such cases were presented, and the results were collected.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.9 s.102
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• pp.1100-1107
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• 2005

The failure of blades frequently happened in the 300 MW LP(low pressure) turbine until now and they are maintaining the blades periodically during outage. So the blade-disk system is analysed by FEM in order to identify the main cause of failure of blade row. It is found that the stress of root's hole is highest in comparison with other parts from the result of the steady stress analysis. Also, the two dangerous frequencies which is related to the resonance condition are found in the interference diagram. One is 1,316 Hz. The other is 2,981 Hz which is related to the 1 nozzle passing frequency. The dynamic stress analysis is performed to identify more accurate root cause for failure of blade row It is confirmed that the dynamic stress of the former is higher than one of the latter From these results, it is concluded that the former has deeply something to do with the failure of blades more than the tatter. Based on versatile investigation and deliberation, the change of blade's grouping is determined to avoid the resonance condition with the operating speed. After the blade grouping is changed, the former frequency vanish completely but the latter is still in existence in the interference diagram. Fortunately, It is confirmed that the dynamic stress of the new blade grouping is lower than one of the old blade grouping. 2 years has passed since modification and the LP turbine is operated well without failure so far.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

In 2001, as a subject of this study, the first grade 165 kids in Yomju elementary school had been guided in pit and fissure sealant, fluoride rinse, group tooth brushing, and Dental health education as a part of oral disease preventive program. From the data, this author has estimated incremental dental health care program in school dental clinic in order to make it more effective and enlarge it. For that purpose, the program has been continued at six month intervals for two years. The retention condition of pit and fissure sealant in first molar and DMF rate had been investigated. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Full and partial retention of pit and fissure sealant was measured as 80.69% in maxillary right first molar, 83.20% in maxillary left first molar, and 86.72% in mandibular right first molar, and 86.28% in mandibular left first molar. 2. Retention of pit and fissure sealant in first molar was measured as 76.55% in maxillary right first molar, 81.03% in maxillary left first molar, 80.65% in mandibular left first molar, and 82.03% in mandibular right first molar. 3. Among Yomju elementary school students, DMF rate was measured as 8.7%, and DMFT index as 1.03. However, in Yangdong elementary school students the former was measured as 13.8% and the latter as 1.76. When the DMF rate difference between Yomju and Yangdong elementary school kids was considered, the oral health condition of the former was much better than that of the latter because the former had received incremental dental health care program for two years and on the other hand, the latter had not. So it is necessary that we should enlarge school dental clinic, improve and keep students' oral health.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.497-504
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• 2008

In a study of the optimum operational condition for a melting decontamination, the effects of the basicity, slag type and slag composition on the distribution of depleted uranium were investigated for radioactively contaminated metallic wastes of iron-based metals such as stainless steel (SUS 304L) in a direct current graphite arc furnace. Most of the depleted uranium was easily moved into the slag from the radioactive metal waste. The partitioning ratio of the depleted uranium was influenced by the amount of added slag former and the slag basicity. The composition of the slag former used to capture contaminants such as depleted uranium during the melt decontamination process generally consists of silica ($SiO_2$), calcium oxide (CaO) and aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$). Furthermore, calcium fluoride ($CaF_2$), magnesium oxide (MgO), and ferric oxide ($Fe_2O_3$) were added to increase the slag fluidity and oxidative potential. The partitioning ratio of the depleted uranium was increased as the amount of slag former was increased. Up to 97% of the depleted uranium was captured between the ingot phase and the slag phase. The partitioning ratio of the uranium was considerably dependent on the basicity and composition of the slag. The optimum condition for the removal of the depleted uranium was a basicity level of about 1.5. The partitioning ratio of uranium was high, exceeding $5.5{\times}10^3$. The slag formers containing calcium fluoride ($CaF_2$) and a high amount of silica proved to be more effective for a melt decontamination of stainless steel wastes contaminated with depleted uranium.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2001

Low molecular weight polybutadiene (liquid BR) improves the filler dispersion in a silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compound. In the present work, influence of molecular weight or the liquid BR on properties of a silica-filled SBR compound was studied. Minimum and maximum torques in the rheocurve for the compound containing the liquid BR with higher molecular weight (HLBR) are lower than those for the compound containing the liquid BR with lower one (LLBR) while the delta torques are nearly the same. Mooney scorch time of the compound containing HLBR is faster than that of the compound containing LLBR. Modulus or the compound containing HLBR is lower than that of the compound containing LLBR while tensile strength of the former is higher than that of the latter. The elongation at break of the former is also longer than that of the latter. Stability for the thermal aging at $90^{\circ}C$ for 3 days is less favorable for the former than for the latter.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.539-544
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• 1998

Thermoformed appliance, which has been recently introduced for dental usage, is an appliance made of thermoformed sheets and formed with positive or negative pressure under heat. Thermoplastic material is a kind of plastics and can be repeatedly softened by heat. It is classified into hard elastic foil, hard/soft compound foil and soft elastic foil, including BIOPLAST, BIOCRYL, IMPRELON, etc. It has been developed in 1969 and is available in various thickness, shape and color. There are two types of Vacuum former for thermoplastic materials; the pressure type and suction type. The former is much better than the latter for fabrication of various appliances due to its higher pressure. The authors have applied these appliances to some cases - chin cap, active retainer, individual Fluoride tray, mouth protector, bracket transfer mask, bruxism splint(night guard), Essix appliance - by pressure type Vacuum former($Biostar^{(R)}$). The thermoplastic appliances have numerous advantages such as simple procedure, short working time, clean and transparent product, less objectionable taste. But its outstanding advantage would be its excellent biocompatibility bacause it has no monomer and hence no tissue irritation. Although there is some limitations in its usage, it can be used widely for various purposes especaily for pediatric dentistry.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the performance of four commercial chemical agents in stabilizing arsenic (As) in soil at the forest area near the former Janghang smelter site. After amending the stabilizing agents (A, B, C, and D) into As-contaminated soil samples, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and solubility bioavailability research consortium (SBRC)-extractable As concentrations significantly decreased except for agent D, which is mainly composed of fly ash and calcium carbonate. Increase of SPLP and SBRC-extractable As concentrations in four soil samples (S1, S2, S3, and J2) was attributed to desorption of As adsorbed on iron oxides due to high pH generated by agent D. It is therefore necessary to consider application conditions according to soil characteristics such as pH and buffering capacity. Results of sequential extraction showed that readily extractable fractions of As in soil (i.e., sum of $SO_4-$ and $PO_4-extractable$ As in soil) were converted into non-readily extractable fractions by amending agents A, B, and C. Such changes in the As distribution in soil resulted in the decrease of SPLP and SBRC-extractable As concentration. A series of follow-up monitoring and management plan has been suggested to assess the longevity of the stabilization treatments in the site.