• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.800-807
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• 2003

Decomposition of tasks in the ordinary manufacturing systems is usually based on the predefined goal of the system. To achieve the high-level-goals (e.g., factory goal or company goal), several sub-goals should be achieved in advance. However, goals can change along with the current status of the system and the external environmental situations. Thus, a manufacturing system should support the goal-formations which can be bearable these changes for efficient and effective operations. Therefore, it IS necessary to develop a systematic methodology for the goal-formations in a manufacturing system. Especially, the formation and/or change of goals in real-time should be possible for distributed and dynamic systems including the fractal manufacturing system (FrMS). In this paper, a threefold methodology is proposed for the goal-formation process (GFP) in the FrMS; 1) a goal­generating process (GGP) to make and propagate fuzzy goals, 2) a goal-harmonizing process (GHP) to eliminate or reduce conflicts and interferences of goals by using a mobile agent- based negotiation scheme, and 3) a goal-balancing process (GBP) to make a compromise between goals by using quantifiable indicators of the manufacturing system.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2020

It is extremely important to obtain rock strength parameters for geological engineering. In this paper, the evolution of sandstone cohesion and internal friction angle with plastic shear strain was obtained by simulating the cyclic loading and unloading tests under different confining pressures using Particle Flow Code software. By which and combined with the micro-crack propagation process, the mesoscopic mechanism of parameter evolution was studied. The results show that with the increase of plastic shear strain, the sandstone cohesion decreases first and then tends to be stable, while the internal friction angle increases first, then decreases, and finally maintains unchanged. The evolution of sandstone shear strength parameters is closely related to the whole process of crack formation, propagation and coalescence. When the internal micro-cracks are less and distributed randomly and dispersedly, and the rock shear strength parameters (cohesion, internal friction angle) are considered to have not been fully mobilized. As the directional development of the internal micro-fractures as well as the gradual formation of macroscopic shear plane, the rock cohesion reduces continuously and the internal friction angle is in the rise stage. As the formation of the macroscopic shear plane, both the rock cohesion and internal friction angle continuously decrease to a certain residual level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.444-449
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• 2003

To investigate the long term effect of buchu (Chinese chives) diet on ROS formation in the liver and stin tissue of ICR mice, one of control, 2% or 5% buchu-added diet was fed to ICR mice for 12 months. Superoxide anion (O2ㆍ), hydrogen peroxide($H_2O$$_2$) and hydroxyl radical (ㆍOH) contents were measured in cytosol, microsome, mitochondria of liver and skin of mice, respectively. Behu diet showed a significant decrease of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical contents in liver and skin tissues compared to control diet, and this effect is especially higer at 5% than at 2% buchu diet level. ICR mice showed an age-dependent increase in ROS contents, while the group fed buchu diet decreased its ROS contents significantly and ROS contents of liver appeared to be 2 fold higher than skin. The results of the present study suggest that antioxidative components and sulfur-compounds in buchu diet appear to be responsible for the inhibition of ROS formation in ICR mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.4 s.44
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• pp.371-377
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• 1992

The purposes of the study were 1) to extend the cognitive categorization theory in an attempt to explain the of garment category, fashionability, and wearer's body types on impression formation, and 2) to find out structures of wearer's impressional dimension and wearer's professional image. The research included a quasi-experiment and survey. The experimental design was a $2^{3}$full factorial design of 3 independent variables. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The stimuli consisted of 8 drawings made by 3 independent variables (garment category, fashion level, wearer's body type). Result were as follows: 1) Garment category, fashionability and wearer's body type had significant effects on impression of the 5 factors-evaluation, potency, appearance, sociability and good-bad, with exception of wearer's body type which was nonsignificant to the potency factor. 2) Garment category was most effective on the evaluation and the potency. However wearer's body type was most effect on the appearance factor and fashionability variable was most effective on the good-bad factor. It was conclued that the results supported the cognitive categorization theory on impression formation and a cognitive categorization hypothesis of clothes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2009

Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast, forms a specialized infection structure, called an appressorium, which is crucial for penetration and infection of the host plant. Pharmacological data suggest that calcium/calmodulindependent signaling is involved in appressorium formation in this fungus. To understand the role of the calcium/calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase on appressorium formation at the molecular level, MCNA, a gene encoding the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, was functionally characterized in M. oryzae. Transformants expressing sense/antisense RNA of MCNA exhibited significant reductions in mycelial growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity. cDNA of MCNA functionally complemented a calcineurin disruptant strain (cmp1::LEU2 cmp2::HIS3) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These data suggest that calcineurin A plays important roles in signal transduction pathways involved in the infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity of M. oryzae.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.540-544
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• 2012

During heat treatment and storage of milk, deteriorative reaction takes place, which consequently influence on the milk quality. In this study, formation of lactulose and furosine under different thermal conditions and storage conditions, and the ratio of lactulose and furosine (LU/FU) in presence of reconstituted milk powder were determined to establish chemical indicators for heat damages of milk and the adulteration of fresh milk in dairy field. The lactulose and furosine contents linearly increased with increased heating temperature and heating time. It showed high correlation between the formation of lactulose and furosine, and the treatment temperature and time (p<0.05). The lactulose and furosine concentration of HTST milk and UHT milk noticeably increased during storage at $30^{\circ}C$, but there was no noticeable increase of lactulose and furosine concentration at lower storage temperature. In the raw milk, the lactulose and furosine contents greatly increased with the addition of reconstituted milk. The increase level of furosine was much higher than that of lactulose, which consequently resulted in the lower LU/FU ratio in milk as increase of added reconstituted milk amounts. As comparing with raw milk, there was more than twice reduction in LU/FU ratios after the addition of reconstituted milk (p<0.05). It can be concluded that lactulose and furosine are suitable milk quality indicators of heat damage and for demonstrating improper addition of reconstituted milk powder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2000

In order to investigate the applicability of lyocell fiber to filter paper, papper sheets were manufactured with the addition of lyocell fibers in various length(1.5 denier: 2, 3, 4mm) and content(10, 30, 50%) and their physical characters, such as fibrilation rate, adsorption efficiency of methylene blue(MB), paper formation, and crimping ability, etc, were tested. The level of main fibrilation from lyocell fiber was higher in wet beating process than that in free beating because of the higher strength of lyocell fiber compared with wood fiber. Fibrilation could be observed at the degree of beating over 30$^{\circ}$ SR in wet beating with Valley beater. The air permeability and tear factor of the paper increased and the paper formation index decreased according to the increase of fiber length. The weak binding force of lyocell fiber in spite of its higher fiber strength, might be a limitng factor in addition of lyocell fiber to the natural wood pulp in manufacturing the paper having the needed physical properties. High contents of wood pulp decreased air permeability, the breaking length, tear factor, the bursting strength, and paper formation index in paper sheets. As the contents of lyocell increased from 10% to 100%, the adsorption efficiency of MB was elevated to 1.7-7.9 times compared with that in 100% wood pulp. But the length of lyocell fiber did not affect the MB adsorption.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.122.1-122.1
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• 2011

The motivation for this work was the potential of hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine, L-alanine, and L-valine to be applied as thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs). To confirm their capabilities in inhibiting the formation of gas hydrates, three-phase (liquid-hydrate-vapor) equilibrium conditions for carbon dioxide hydrate formation in the presence of 0.1 to 3.0 mol% amino acid solutions were determined in the range of 273.05 to 281.45 K and 14.1 to 35.2 bar. From quantitative analyses, the inhibiting effects of the amino acids (on a mole concentration basis) decreased in the following order: L-valine > L-alanine > glycine. The application of amino acids as THIs has several potential advantages over conventional methods. First, the environmentally friendly nature of amino acids as compared to conventional inhibitors means that damage to ecological systems and the environment could be minimized. Second, the loss of amino acids in recovery process would be considerably reduced because amino acids are non-volatile. Third, amino acids have great potential as a model system in which to investigate the inhibition mechanism on the molecular level, since the structure and chemical properties of amino acids are well understood.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2011

This study investigates the influence of self-efficacy in purchasing clothes in the consumer satisfaction formation process. A survey was conducted on 300 adults living in the Seoul and Gyeonggi area and 231 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. The survey questionnaires measured the respondent's self-efficacy in purchasing clothes, expectation, perceived performance, expectation confirmation, and satisfaction level. The data were analyzed by moderated regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, for apparel products, perceived performance, and expectation confirmation have a direct effect on consumer satisfaction, while expectation has no direct effect on consumer satisfaction. This finding agrees with the results reported in a previous study on consumer goods with low ambiguity in assessing products and services including sneakers, underwear, cereals, and financial services. Second, the lower the self-efficacy in purchasing clothes, then the increased effect of the expectation confirmation that influences consumer satisfaction. However, the self-efficacy in purchasing clothes did not show any moderating effect on the perceived performance affecting the consumer satisfaction. The self-efficacy in purchasing clothes seems to have a moderating effect on the consumer satisfaction formation process by affecting the ambiguity in pre-purchase product assessment and not in post-purchase product evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 1975

A series of experiment was undertaken to pursue the possibility of aflatoxin accumulation in stored grains which were artificially contaminated with A. flavus var. columnaris isolated from deteriorated rice in Korea. In storage of rice grain, aflatoxin formation needed relative humidity over 80%, once accumulated aflatoxin was degraded by other microbial growth maintaining 50% level and the absence of other microoganisms brought about the remarkable accumulation of aflatoxin. The formation of aflatoxin in grains was increasing in the order of soybean, peanut, corn, wheat, barley, foxtail millet, rice, polished wheat, mung bean and great millet and it appears to be affected by the size and oil content of grains.