• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2005

In order to optimize tissue culture conditions of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.), effects of culture medium supplements, media and cultivars on embryogenic callus induction and regeneration of plants were investigated. MS medium containing 3mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1mg/L BA was optimal for embryogenic callus induction from mature seeds. The highest plant regeneration frequency(57.7%) was observed when the embryogenic calli were cultured on N6 medium supplemented with 1mg/L 2,4-D and 3mg/L BA. Among several basic media, MS and N6 medium were optimal for callus induction and plant regeneration, respectively. Genotype was an important factor in plant regenerability. ‘Newport’ showed to have higher regeneration frequency of 53.4%. Regenerated plants were grown normally when shoots transplanted to the soil. A short tissue culture period and high-frequency regeneration system would be beneficial for molecular breeding of Kentucky bluegrass through genetic transformation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.365-373
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• 2014

This study is to analyze the physical environment and conduct spatial data for bicycle road system in changwon. Index for evaluation index was developed based on literatures. Then the level of importance and weight have been modified through experts review. Finally, index with eight categories such as greenness(40% over), bicycle road connectivity(1.8, 9.8%), road type bike(bicycle lane, 24.4%), pave type(asphalt 72.5%), illegal parking(none, 93.9%), bike road surface visibility(exist, 46.8%), vehicle speed limits(30km, under), vehicle traffic(500/hr under, 44.3%) have been applied to empirical investigation. Collected data has been hierarchically classification by ArcGIS Program. The Highest grades(score 31-35, level 1) occupied 35% of target destination. High level of greenness and load type has contributed to high score. In addition, average level of greenness of those destination was 35% and higher, which provide high degree of security and freshness for bicycle riding. Meanwhile, lowest level(level 5, which earned 15 point or less) occupied 24.5%. illegal parking, low level of greenness, and no surface sign caused low score.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information and investigate a vegetation structure around Tohamsan (Mt.) Wetland. Actual vegetation map was made on the basis of watershed around that. Vegetation structure survey was carried out for 8 representative communities of actual vegetation which were Pinus densifrora community, Quercus variabilis community, Cornus controversa community, Q. serrata community, Q. mongolica-Q. serrata community, Salix koreensis community, Q. mongolica community, Q. variabilis-Q. mongolica-Q. serrata community. Tohamsan (Mt.) Wetland is located on 490m above sea level and the area of watershed was $236,272m^2$. Vegetation type were divided into 16 types, and the ratio of Q. mongolica community was 33.1% ($78,209.2m^2$). In order to turn out the structure of 8 representative communties, 32 plots were set up and unit area of plot was $100m^2$. The estimated age of forest is 30~50-years-old, and in the resutls of soil analysis, acidity was pH 4.89 and organic matter was 4.46%.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.564-577
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• 2017

We investigated whether external environmental factors acted as a trigger for flowering in the draft bamboo (Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino) blooming area of Mt. Baekwoon located in Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province. We then considered the cause for flowering, flowering patterns and life history strategies of the draft bamboo based on the investigation. There were no differences in soil, physical conditions, and light amount between the draft bamboo flowering and non-flowering areas. The precipitation and temperature of the areas in Korea and Japan where it blossomed from 2014 to 2017 were similar to the normal year values (for the past 30 years). Moreover, most of the draft bamboo died after flowering on a large scale, but some did not, or some culms were developed again. In other words, the draft bamboo bloomed simultaneously regardless of external environmental factors, and most of the culms were dead, but some were left alive. Therefore, it is considered that the flowering is triggered by the specific genes (referred as to clock genes) expressed periodically by a biological clock rather than the external environmental factors. Meanwhile, the draft bamboos generally bloom on a large scale by synchronizing with other ones in the distance but may also bloom several times separately on a small scale. It may be a kind of an insurance system established to disperse the risk of failed sexual propagation when flowering once in a lifetime. The results reveal that the long-period monocarpy of the draft bamboo has been strengthened to optimize the sexual propagation to overcome the increased environmental instability caused by the expansion of distribution of tropical bamboos and bamboo species to the temperate regions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.245-250
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• 2017

Flash floods is defined as the flooding of intense rainfall over a relatively small area that flows through river and valley rapidly in short time with no advance warning. So that it can cause damage property and casuality. This study is to establish the flash-flood warning system using 38 accident data, reported from the National Disaster Information Center and Land Surface Model(TOPLATS) between 2009 and 2012. Three variables were used in the Land Surface Model: precipitation, soil moisture, and surface runoff. The three variables of 6 hours preceding flash flood were reduced to 3 factors through factor analysis. Decision tree, random forest, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and logistic regression model are considered as big data methods. The prediction performance was evaluated by comparison of Accuracy, Kappa, TP Rate, FP Rate and F-Measure. The best method was suggested based on reproducibility evaluation at the each points of flash flood occurrence and predicted count versus actual count using 4 years data.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

The study of ecosystem service assessment has been actively researched and developed from Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity(TEEB). However, current assessments are limited to monetary assessments of ecosystem function and do not account for the effects of environmental factors and socioeconomic status. This study proposes methods to evaluate ecosystem service based on environmental and socioeconomic factors. The study assesses water yield function through the water yield model in InVEST Tool, and evaluates the overall ecosystem service of water yield as reflected by the amount of precipitation and population of the area. Results show that a difference exists between spatial distributions of the ecosystem function of water yield derived from natural conditions such as land cover and soil, and the spatial distribution of the ecosystem service that accounts for climate and socioeconomic factors. The value of ecosystem service increases for an area of higher population and lower precipitation with similar water yield. Thus, the ecosystem service of water yield should be evaluated not only by the water yield function, but also by climate and socioeconomic factors. The evaluation process described for this study should also be applicable to the evaluation of ecological services in other sectors.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.23-33
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• 2012

Recently, landslide disasters caused by severe rain storms and typhoons have been frequently reported. Due to the geomorphologic characteristics of Korea, considerable portion of urban area and infrastructures such as road and railway have been constructed near mountains. These infrastructures may encounter the risk of landslide and debris flow. It is important to evaluate the highly risky locations of landslide and to prepare measures for the protection of landslide in the process of construction planning. In this study, a landslide-risk prediction equation is proposed based on the statistical analysis of 423 landslide data set obtained from field surveys, disaster reports on national road, and digital maps of landslide area. Each dataset includes geomorphologic characteristics, soil properties, rainfall information, forest properties and hazard history. The comparison between the result of proposed equation and actual occurrence of landslide shows 92 percent in the accuracy of classification. Since the input for the equation can be provided within short period and low cost, and the results of equation can be easily incorporated with hazard map, the proposed equation can be effectively utilized in the analysis of landslide-risk for large mountainous area.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2013

Settled lifestyle as important to health and healing to medical tourism and wellness tourism in the 21st century has emerged as the best promising service industry. Jeju Island has a variety of local resources, and the directions was considered to spa industry promotion application it. Jeju Island has a variety of local resources which can be used for spa industry promotion. Jeju Island's beautiful natural environment, mineral resources, water resources, biological resources, agricultural products, traditional folk remedies available in Jeju's spa treatments. Using the local resources of Jeju, 'Jeju specialized spa treatments' can develop of 12 kinds of spa treatments. Namely, thalssotherapy, stone therapy, black sand poultice, hot-floored therapy using volcanic soil, thalassotherapy, drinking therapy, hydrotherapy, herbal/medicinal plants poultice, forest therapy, Spa cuisine, facial beauty, diet therapy. 12 kinds of Jeju specialized spa treatments development and service to the local resources of basic research on the physical and chemical characteristics, product development, clinical trials, efficacy studies should precede. In addition, customized spa services programs should be developed considering the propensity of customers, customer needs, and a spa type. And standardized program of spa services and need a manual painter. Medical tourism and wellness tourism in conjunction with efforts to be considered in order to increase the competitiveness of the spa industry in Jeju.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.6_3
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• pp.1187-1196
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• 2017

Despite the continuing effort to estimate the value of function and services of ecosystem, most of the researches has used low and medium resolution satellite imagery such as MODIS or Landsat. It means that the researches to measure the ecosystem service value using VHR (Very High Resolution) satellite imagery have not been performed much, while the source of available VHR imagery is increasing. Thus, the aim of this study is to estimate and compare the result of ecosystem service value over Sejong city, S. Korea, which is one of the rapidly changed city, through the pixel-based and object-based classification analysis using VHR KOMPSAT-3 images, for more specific and precise information. In the result of the classification, forest and grassland were underestimated while agriculture and urban were overestimated in the pixel-based result compared to the object-based result. Furthermore, bare soil area was presented contrasting result that was increased in the pixel-based result, however, decreased in the object-based result. Using those results, ecosystem service values were estimated. The annual ecosystem service values in 2014 were $8.18 million USD(pixel-based) and $8.63 million USD(object-based), however, decreased to $7.80 million USD(pixel-based) and $8.62 million USD(object-based) in 2016. It is expected to use those results as a preliminary data when to make sustainable development plan and policy to improve the quality of life in the local level.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.721-738
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to create landslide vulnerability using frequency ratio (FR) and evidential belief functions (EBF) model which are two methods of probability model and to select appropriate model for each region through comparison of results in Sacheon-myeon and Jumunjin-eup of Gangneung. 762 locations in Sacheon-myeon and 548 landscapes in Jeonju-eup were constructed based on the interpretation of aerial photographs. Half of each landslide point was randomly selected for modeling and remaining landslides were used for verification purposes. Twenty landslide-inducing factors classified into five categories such as topographic elements, hydrological elements, soil maps (1:5,000), forest maps (1:5,000), and geological maps (1:25,000) were considered for the preparation of landslide vulnerability in the study. The relationship between landslide occurrence and landslide inducing factors was analyzed using FR and EBF models. The two models were then verified using the AUC (curve under area) method. According to the results of verification, the FR model (AUC = 81.2%) was more accurate than the EBF model (AUC = 78.9%) at Jeonjun-eup. In the Sacheon-myeon, the EBF model (AUC = 83.6%) was more accurate than the FR model (AUC = 81.6%). Verification results show that FR model and EBF model have high accuracy with accuracy of around 80%.