• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.512-520
• /
• 2019

It is quite useful to represent speeches visually for learners who study foreign languages as well as the hearing impaired who cannot directly hear speeches, and a number of researches have been presented in the literature. They remain, however, at the level of representing the characteristics of speeches using colors or showing the changing shape of lips and mouth using the animation-based representation. As a result of such approaches, those methods cannot tell the users how far their pronunciations are away from the standard ones, and moreover they make it technically difficult to develop such a system in which users can correct their pronunciation in an interactive manner. In order to address these kind of drawbacks, this paper proposes a speech visualization model based on the relative distance between the user's speech and the standard one, furthermore suggests actual implementation directions by applying the proposed model to the visualization of Korean vowels. The method extract three formants F1, F2, and F3 from speech signals and feed them into the Kohonen's SOM to map the results into 2-D screen and represent each speech as a pint on the screen. We have presented a real system implemented using the open source formant analysis software on the speech of a Korean instructor and several foreign students studying Korean language, in which the user interface was built using the Javascript for the screen display.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.178-185
• /
• 2022

This study compared and analyzed the characteristics of new words by classifying 197 newly coined Korean and Chinese characters in 2017 and 2018 into single, compound, derivative, abbreviated, and hybrid words according to the coined method. In the case of a single language, Korean is all words borrowed from Chinese and English. However, no monolingual language appeared in Chinese. In the case of compound words, the format of the Chinese synthesis method was much more diverse and the generative power was stronger than that of Korea. In the case of derivatives, there are not many prefixes in both countries, and Korean suffixes have the strongest productivity of Chinese suffixes and weak productivity of foreign and native suffixes. Korean foreign language suffixes were characterized by relatively more appearance than Chinese. In the case of abbreviations, it can be seen that the productivity of dark syllables is stronger for Korean abbreviations, and the productivity of empty syllables is stronger for Chinese abbreviations. In the case of mixed languages, the hybrid form of Korean was much more diverse than that of Chinese. Through this study, it will be possible to help Chinese Korean learners understand the process of forming a new language, and to develop their ability to guess the meaning of Korean words while learning a new language.

• Journal of Sinology and China Studies
• /
• v.80
• /
• pp.177-197
• /
• 2019

The question 'YOUMEIYOU(有没有)+VP?' indicating 'Perfect' was mainly used in the Southern Chinese dialect, recently this question 'YOUMEIYOU(有没有)+VP?' has also been widely used in Mandarin. In the academic world, it is reported that the appearance of 'YOUMEIYOU(有没有)+VP?' was influenced by the Southern Chinese dialect. However, there are divergent opinions about the part of speech of 'YOU(有)', such as 'auxiliary verb' , 'adverb' , 'verb', and 'particle' etc,, and these are classifiable into two main theories-'auxiliary verb' theory and 'adverb' theory. In this paper, we considered the validity of these two theories in terms of syntactic, semantic, diachronous, and typological. The results are as follows. First, based on the prototype category theory, we reclassified typical syntactic and untypical syntactic features of 'auxiliary verb' and 'adverb'. Through this, we considered the syntactic features of 'YOU(有)' are closer to the syntactic features of either of the two. As a result, It is reasonable to think that '有(YOU)' is an 'adverb' that has untypical syntactic features (It is 'adverb', but can constitute a positive-negative question, such as 'ZAIBUZAI(再不再)', 'CHANGBUCHANG(常不常)', 'CENGBUCENG(曾不曾)' and so on.). Second, the semantic features of 'YOU(有)' in the question 'YOUMEIYOU(有没有)+VP?' indicates 'Aspect' meaning ('Perfect'), does not indicate the 'Modality' meaning represented by the general 'auxiliary verb'(ability, will, deontic, epistemic etc.). Unlike English, contemporary Mandarin does not have a separate form of 'auxiliary verb'(have, be) that represents 'Modality' and 'Aspect'. On the other hand, it is reasonable to consider 'You(有)' as an 'adverb', because 'adverb' has played a role of 'Aspect' meaning(Ceng(曾), Yi(已), Zai(在), Yao(要) etc.) from the pre-QIN(先秦) dynasty before the appearance of 'Perfect particle' '了'. Third, in the Chinese history and grammar academic world, the prevailing view is that 'MEIYOU(没有)' which began to appear in front of VP in Ming(明) dynasty is regarded as a 'negative adverb'. Therefore, if 'MEIYOU(没有)' in the question 'YOUMEIYOU(有没有)+VP?' is regarded as a 'negative adverb', it is not reasonable to regard the remaining '有(YOU)' as an auxiliary verb. Also, there are some examples of 'You(有)' written as an 'adverb' in the pre-QIN(先秦) dynasty, so it is reasonable to regard '有(YOU)' as an 'adverb'. Fourth, according to the study of the linguistic typological theory, the 'H-POSSESSIVE' verb was grammaticalized toward 'Perfect' marker in many languages around the world. However, after this grammaticalization the part of speech is not all 'auxiliary verb'. In some languages, they can be grammaticalized toward 'adverb'. Therefore, it is reasonable to regard '有(YOU)' as an 'adverb'.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.531-540
• /
• 2008

This study, based on the college life style and the courage to make that the purpose of the design process of finding out the correlation. Chinese students study the life style can be categorized into 4 kinds. The courage to top a crowded bottom with a broad form of courage prefer to be brought down, getting smaller and smaller. Regular and relevant inclination stores are independent of trust. 2 as a whole are crowded with smooth curves and the courage to the asymmetric shape is preferred. Active investment, emphasis on foreign languages, tends to prefer shopping on the Internet were related.3 outstanding courage, just a little crowded in the cylindrical form is preferred. Trust the big stores, stores see the taste, his taste for products that are relevant to the tendency of pursuing said. 4, a lot of the colony gradient technique Protruding prefer to be in the form of courage. Home will, that tends to emphasize the brand and design were related. Home will, that tends to emphasize the brand and design were related. To recap the contents of the consumer lifestyle, based on the characteristics of their favorite cosmetics containers vary designs. Different forms, depending on their courage to feel emotions that can see the image. Therefore, the design in courage cosmetics on the characteristics of these granular for consumer research, the granular form of product research and the relationship between the elements in their care are made. The marketing strategy is in the consumer market, but needs more fine-grained analysis methods that can tell people.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.190-197
• /
• 2013

Since domestic and foreign platform companies and mobile carriers adopt and use different kinds of smart platforms, developers should develop or convert contents according to each smart platform to provide a single smart content for customers. It takes long time and a lot of money to convert the conventional smart contents in order to serve other smart platforms. For the reason, more attention has been paid on Smart Cross Platform or Hybrid Platform, the core technologies of OSMU(One Source Multi Use) in which, once a program is coded, it can be executed in any platforms regardless of development languages. As a result, PhoneGap and HTML5 based Sencha Touch have been introduced. In this paper, we developed the smart virtual machine, which is built in smart cross platform based smart devices, unlike Android, iOS, Windows Phone devices being dependent of platforms, and helps to download and execute applications, being independent of platforms. the smart virtual machine supports C/C++, and Java language, being differentiated from JVM by sun microsystems that supports only Java language and .NET framework by microsoft that supports only C, C++ and C#. Therefore, it provides contents developers with the environment where they can get a wide range of options in choosing a language and develop smart contents.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2010

In this paper, this writer looked into the initial law and fortification, which are two of the most important phonetic changes of Sino-Korean words. Pronunciation and inscription rules of Oriental Medical terminologies have also been studied. Moreover, several problems of meaningful rendering of Oriental Medical Chinese terminologies into Korean have been looked into. As a result, the following conclusions could be drawn. 1. The initial law only applies to Sino-Korean words that consist of more than one syllable. It does not apply to words borrowed from foreign languages. Especially, compound words like Jang-ssi-yu-gyeong(張氏類經) or Im-sin-yuk-hyeol(姙娠衄血) consist of already existing words such as Jang-ssi(張氏), Yu-gyeong(類經), Im-sin(姙娠), and Yuk-hyeol(衄血), and thus the initial law applies to these words. They are inscribed and pronounced 'Jang-ssi-yu-gyeong' and 'Im-sin-yuk-hyeol'. 2. Fortification of Sino-Korean words can be applied variously according to the structure and meaning of the words. Words such as '科', '格', '氣', '法', '病', '症', and '證' are often fortified and at the same time used frequently in Oriental Medicine. Also, many other words are derived from these words. However, there has not been a scholastic consent among the Oriental Medical society as to in which circumstances these words will be fortified. Therefore, a standardization process to stipulate the pronunciation of Oriental Medical terminologies is necessary. 3. Meaningful rendering of Oriental Medical Chinese terminologies into Korean also needs scholastic investigation. Especially, the word 兪 should be meaningfully rendered and pronounced 'su' just like the words 輸 and 腧, but is wrongly pronounced 'yu'. Other than this, the words 井滎兪經合, 秦艽, 膻中, 共振丹, 成無已, and 麗澤通氣湯 should respectively be pronounced 'jeong-hyeong-su-gyeong-hap', 'jin-gyo', 'dan-jung', 'gong-sin-dan', 'Seong-mu-yi', and 'Yi-taek-tong-gi-tang'. Moreover, there are four pronunciations to the word 梴 of 李梴. This should also be standardized. This writer proposes that in the future, correct meaningful rendering of Chinese terminologies into Korean and phonetic signs be inscribed in dictionaries regarding Oriental Medical terminologies.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.182-201
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine a married nurse's experience of child rearing through being applied to phenomenological research method. By exchanging their experiences, helping and understanding one another, married nurses can work with delight considering their own present job as their lifelong job. In addition this study can help single nurses overcome the female crises such as marriage, childbirth, and child rearing they will experience in the future. The subjects of this research was 26 married nurses who work for a university hospital in affiliation in Seoul and have children. The period of materials collection was from Feb. 1st to Mar. 3, 1995. The method of materials collection was primarily to write down a questionary with openhearted contents. In collecting it, the respondents were allowed to say at their pleasure through further interview. The materials were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) The responses of married nurses' experience of child rearing-[pleasure] [family solidarity] [maternal-infant attachment] [understanding] [toilsome]-were induced. That is, at once affirmative experience and hard experience coexisted. 2) The method of married nurses' child rearing-[rearing politely] [raising understanding] [having the sense of family community] [rearing with praying the heart] [careless]-were induced. 3) The support system of married nurses' child rearing-[having help family] [having help from others]-were induced. According to the above findings, the married nursed showed affirmative responses about their experience of child rearing, but at the same time they expressed painful when stayed apart from their children on account of their job or when their children were sick. In the method of child rearing, they tried to grow their children polite because there was much time for them to stay apart from their children. And they tried to give a better explanation in order that their children can have an independence spirit. They tended to compensate through frequent physical touch with their children. As the support system of married nurses' child rearing, they asked their parents or their parents-in-law to take care of their children, hired a nursery governess in their houses, or used a children's home, if they can't afford to. That is, the only one who has a firm sense of her profession, tries to inspire her accomplishment, and is receiving her husband' love and understanding is considered to perform two things simultaneously with harmony, having an recognition of lifelong job. Suggestions 1. The method to solve mental troubles on child rearing should be groped. 2. Their economical burden should be reduced by establishing children's home in their working places, and the increase of maternal-infant interaction should be contrived. 3. The chance of education should be offered in order that married nurses themselves might inspire self-conceit and professionalism on clinical nursing. 4. The familiar mood should be created through planning the programs to be accompanied with children as an annual event in hospital. 5. The part-time nurse system should be suggested to utilize. 6. The system of circulation working should be converted into the system of fixing working according to the characteristic of each department. 7. Programs for special activities such as learning foreign languages and computer should be supported positively.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.117-153
• /
• 2013

Objective : Two famous medical doctors, Yoo Itae(以泰, 爾泰) and Riu Euitae(義泰), have been well known in academic world and public in Sancheong-gun. Yoo Itae is the progenitor of Majinhak which is the therapy for measles, he wrote a "Majinpyun" as the first book of therapy for measles in Chosun. Riu Euitae, meanwhile, is a fictional medical doctor and a teacher of Heo Jun who became real without confirmation of historical truths by Roh Jeongwoo who heard about a name, Yoo Itae. Roh's assertion was quoted in the report of literatures, papers, novel, and telecast without verification. His assertion is exposed in novel and media and it has seriously distorted the history. The purpose of this study is to rectify the historical distortion. Methods : Various references study was performed. Confirmed a family tree, birth and death year, birthplace, sepulture, words on a tombstone, writing, collections of works anthology and the existence of keepsake. Investigated records of royal family, Sancheong-gun papers, Sancheong Hyanggyo papers, Dongyuhagan, Chosun Hanryuseungram and the record of Sawoo Munjip(anthology). Analyzed Roh Jungwoo's conversation that tells Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun and contents of an encyclopedia. Listened to testimony of descendants and assertions of historian in rural area. Verified voice recording on books taken from at birthplace and the space of activity. Results : Yoo Itae is well shown in various records and medical writing books, whereas Riu Euitae does not. Riu Euitae is not a real person in the history. Roh Jeongwoo who asserts Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun admits his mistake. But, the encyclopedia record describing Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun, government official at Sancheong district office, historians in rural area, historians in rural area who made a family shrine, gravestone, a statue, memorial, historic site of Riu Euitae on Jinju Rui could not suggest any evidences for the existence of Riu Euitae and for record Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun. Conclusion : Riu Euitae is neither a real person in the history nor a teacher of Heo Jun. Riu Euitae came from pronunciation confusion between 'I' and 'Eui' in Kyungsang province. Riu Euitae is Yoo Itae on Geochang Yoo who was a medical doctor of King, Sukjeong and wrote medical books including , , .

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.209-220
• /
• 2010

In this study, a survey was carried out to investigate status of children's computer use and their ability by gender and age. The objects of the survey were kids at a day care center in Gimpo where students of the early childhood education department of K university had practical training for a month. 378 questionnaire were collected excepting those with insincere or inconsistent responses, and among them, According to the results of this study, girls use computers more often than boys for educational purposes such as learning how to read and write Korean language and numbers and foreign languages, and also learning music and arts. On the other hand, boys use computers more often than girls for entertainment like cartoon movies and games. In terms of computer using ability such as understanding instructions, manipulation of functions, drawing pictures, chatting and e-mail, internet shopping, homepage making, girls have higher ability than boys while boys are significantly superior to girls in the ability to play computer games. The analytical results show that application programs of the childhood education is desirable for boys to use for the sake of arousing the interest and for the game and for girls to use at the part of music and arts. According to ages, for 1-2 years children, they needs the AP with a delicate person having the computer knowledge, for 3-4 years children, they need AP with some little help, for 6-7 years, they need the AP to do themselves according to sex and age.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.79-102
• /
• 2009

Most who have heard of Sang-Seol Lee know him for his contribution to the Korean independence movement nearly a hundred years ago. This paper, however, will discuss Lee's other great contribution to his country; that of being "The father of modern mathematical education in Korea". Lee passed the rigorous government officer examination with the highest honor and became a teacher for the royal prince. Later he became the president of Sunkyunkwan, a national institute of higher learning since 1398, and eventually a well-known university bearing the same name. Lee was also a highly regarded Confucian scholar and well versed in foreign languages. He wanted Korea to become a modern country and felt that the areas of science and engineering were studies that needed improving in order to achieve modernization. While researching Western textbooks on the subjects he realized that Western mathematics would be especially important for Korea. With that, it became his mission to integrate Western mathematics into the Korean educational system. This paper will explain the importance of Sang-Seol Lee's contributions to mathematic education in Korea and how it helped Korea become the modern nation it is today.