• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2022

The article presents the results of finite element analyses carried out on skirted footings. The bearing capacity increases with the provision of the flexible and rigid skirt, but the effectiveness varies with various other factors. The skirts are more efficient in the case of cohesionless soils than cohesive and c-ϕ soils. Efficiency reduces with an increase in the soil strength and footing depth. The rigid skirt is relatively more efficient compared to the flexible skirt. In contrast, to the flexible skirt, the efficiency of the rigid skirt increases continuously with skirt length. The difference in the effectiveness of both skirts becomes more noticeable with an increase in the strength parameters, skirt length, and footing depth. The failure mechanism also changes significantly with the inclusion of a rigid skirt. The rigid skirt behaves as a solid embedded footing, and the failure mechanism becomes confined with an increase in the skirt length. Few small-scale laboratory tests were carried out to study the flexible and rigid skirt and verify the numerical study results. The numerical analysis results are further used to develop nonlinear equations to predict the enhancement in bearing capacity with the provision of the rigid and flexible skirts.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.623-636
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• 2023

This study utilized small-scale physical model tests to investigate the impact of different types of geosynthetics, including geocell, planar geotextile, and wraparound geotextile, on the behaviour of strip footings placed on 0.8 m thick soil fills and backfills with a slope angle of 70°. Bearing capacity and settlement of the footing and failure mechanisms are discussed and evaluated. The results revealed that the bearing capacity of footings situated on both unreinforced and reinforced slopes increased with a greater embedment depth of the footing. For settlement ratios below 4%, the geocell reinforcement exhibited significantly higher stiffness, carrying greater loads and experiencing less settlement compared to the planar and wraparound geotextile reinforcements. However, the performance of geocell reinforcement was influenced by the number and length of the geocell layers. Increasing the geocell back length ratio from 0.44 to 0.84 significantly improved the bearing capacity of the footing located at the crest of the reinforced slope. Adequate reinforcement length, particularly for geocell, enhanced the bearing pressure of the footing and increased the stiffness of the slope, resulting in reduced deflections. Increasing the length of reinforcement also led to improved performance of the footing located on wraparound geotextile reinforced slopes. In all reinforcement cases, reducing the vertical spacing between reinforcement layers from 100 mm to 75 mm allowed the slope to withstand much greater loads.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 재33권6호
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• pp.543-552
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• 2023

The design of foundations based on a deterministic approach may not be safe and reliable occasionally, since soils sometimes show considerable spatial variability, and thus, significant uncertainties in turn affect the estimation of footing bearing capacity. The design of footing on cohesionless stratums on the basis of reliability analysis has not received much attention. This paper performs two-dimensional random finite difference analyses of shallow strip footings on a spatially variable frictional soil considering correlation structure. Friction angle (ϕ) is considered as a log-normally distributed random variable and Monte Carlo Simulation is then performed to determine the statistical response based on the random fields. A new approach reliability-based safety factor is defined based on various reliability levels by considering the coefficient of variation of ϕ and correlation length in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The comparison of the probabilistic safety factor and the conventional one illustrates the limitations of the deterministic safety factor and provides insight into how the heterogeneity of soils properties affects the required safety factor. Results show that the conventional safety factor of 3 can be conservative in some cases, especially for soil with low values of mean ϕ and COV_ϕ.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.223-235
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• 2022

Bearing capacity of shallow foundations is often determined for either dry or saturated soils. In some occasions, foundations may be subjected to external loading which is inclined and/or eccentric. In this study, the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations resting on partially saturated coarse-grained cohesionless and fine-grained cohesive soils subjected to a wide range of combined vertical (V) - horizontal (H) - moment (M) loadings is rigorously evaluated using the well-established limit equilibrium method. The unified effective stress approach as well as the suction stress concept is effectively adopted so as to simulate the behaviour of the underlying unsaturated soil medium. In order to obtain the bearing capacity, four equilibrium equations are solved by adopting Coulomb failure mechanism and Bishop effective stress concept and also considering a linear variation of the induced matric suction beneath the foundation. The general failure loci of the shallow foundations resting on unsaturated soils at different hydraulic conditions are presented in V - H - M spaces. The results indicate that the matric suction has a marked influence on the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. In addition, the effect of induced suction on the ultimate bearing capacity of obliquely-loaded foundations is more pronounced than that of the eccentrically-loaded footings.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.127-148
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• 1996

최근에 들어 사면이나 사면 근처에 교대등과 같이 기초하중이 비교적 큰 구조물들이 시공되는 예가 점차 많아지는 경 향을 보이고 있다. 그러나 일반적으로 사면 또는 사면 근처 에 설치되는 기초의 경우는 수평지반에 비해 지지력이 현저하게 떨어지기 때문에, 말뚝이나 케이슨 등과 같은 고가의 깊은기초들이 주로 사용되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 토목섬유 또는 metal strip등의 보강재를 이용하여 사면을 보강하는 경제적인 공법이 필요시 되고,또한 이와같은 공법에 관련된 합리적인 기초지지력 해석법의 제시가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사면 근처에 설치되는 얕은 기초의 지지력 보강을 목적으로 strip등의 보강재를 설치할 경우, 'wide slab effect' 개념등 Huang및 Binquet-Lee등이 모형실험등을 통해 제시한 파괴매카니즘 및 Boussinesq해법 등을 토대로 하여 보강사면에 대한 기초지지력 해석법을 제시하였다. 본 해석법에서는 soil dilatancy 등의 영향에 의한 깊이별 보강재-주변흙 사이의 마찰계수 변화를 함수형태로 표현하여 보강재주변흙 사이의 상호작용을 부분적으로 고려하였으며, 아울러 본 연구를 통해 제시된 기초지지력 해석법의 적합성 검토를 위해 Huang등이 제시한 모형실험결과와 서로 비교하였다. 이외에도, 설계에 관련된 여러 변수들이 기초지지력에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 분석이 이루어졌다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2014

모래지반 표면에 위치한 강체 원형기초를 대상으로 수치해석을 통하여 수직-모멘트 조합하중 조건에서의 지지력을 구하였다. 지반은 Mohr-Coulomb 소성모델을 이용하여 모델링하였으며 관련흐름법칙을 적용하였고, 거친 기초 바닥면 조건에 대하여 검토하였다. 적은 수의 해석으로 조합하중 상관도를 산출할 수 있는 swipe 재하 방법과 통상적인 재하실험에서 적용되는 probe 재하 방법을 적용하여 비교한 결과, 두 방법은 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 모멘트하중을 고려하기 위하여 전통적으로 사용되는 유효폭 및 유효면적 개념을 사용한 결과와 편심계수($e_{\gamma}$)를 사용한 방법들을 비교하였으며, 기존의 제안식들과 수치모델링으로 구해진 본 연구의 결과를 비교하였다. 수직-모멘트 조합하중 지지력의 내부마찰각에 따른 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났으며, 유효폭 개념은 편심계수의 형태로 변환하여 원형기초에도 그대로 적용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 수치모델링 결과는 기존의 실험에 기반한 결과들에 비해 다소 작은 값을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 편심 및 모멘트하중이 증가할수록 그 차이는 증가하였다. 수치모델링과 실험 결과가 차이를 나타내는 요인과 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1989년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.22-27
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• 1989

This paper presents a study of soil-structure interaction problems using infinite elements. The infinite elements are formulated for homogeneous and layered soil media, based on approximate expressions for three components of propagating waves, namely Rayleigh, compressive and shear waves. The integration scheme which was proposed for problems with single wave component by Zienkiewicz is expanded to the multi-wave problem. Verifications are carried out on rigid circular footings which are placed on and embedded in elastic half space. Numerical analysis is performed for a containment structure of a nuclear power plant subjected seismic excitation.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.381-386
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• 1994

Recently, the design and construction of massive concrete structures are increased. But, the temperature rise within a large concrete mass make the construction of massive concrete structures be very difficult. Therefore, in Seohae Grand Bridge Project, the field measurement of hydration heat for the massive concrete footings(11$\times$22$\times$4m) was carried out. It was shown to be possible to construct the massive concrete footing successfully by application of pipe cooling system. And the measurement results showed that standard code for concrete practice was very conservative.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.829-847
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• 2016

Generally seismic isolation is achieved by supporting the structure on laminated rubber bearings, friction pendulum bearings, roller bearings etc. Very little work has been performed using soil as a base isolation media. Experiments and analytical work has been performed on a structural model with isolated footing and found encouraging results. Details of this work are presented in this paper.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.656-663
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 K.Terzaghi의 유효응력이론을 인용하여 압밀기반의 안전하중 산출 과정과 결과를 제시하였다. 일반적인 강도를 평가하기 위하여 이용된 J.I.Solovyov의 순간강도 이론에 기초를 두어, 제시한 방법은 포화된 연약점토지반에서 도로의 유지보수 뿐 아니라 축조 과정에 안전하중의 계산 적용이 가능하다. 실제로 편리한 표준 압밀 drain test에서 정의된 점착력, 내부 마찰각과 같은 강도정수를 가진 유효응력은 실제적 적용을 고려하기 위하여 산출된다.