• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the prevalence, risk factors and clinical meanings of geriatric foot problems and to suggest implications for the future. Methods: One hundred eighty nine elderly aged 60 and over from institution as well as community were investigated for their foot conditions by means of a questionnaire including general characteristics, self care capacity, risk factors, foot problem checklist, X-ray, podoscopy and foot scan. Descriptive statistics and $\chi^2$-test was performed as appropriate utilizing SPSS version 14. Less than .05 of p-value was adopted as statistical significance level. Results: All subjects had at least one kind of foot problem and the most prevalent ones were nail problems, foot deformities in order. Prevalence of foot pain and edema was relatively low. Conclusion: Foot problem in elderly is prevalent and geriatric foot is expected to emerge as one of the most important problems in the geriatric field. Therefore strategies to deal with geriatric foot should be developed and practiced for better quality of life in later life.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.375-386
• /
• 2022

Work involving standing or walking for a long time can cause swelling, pain, and fatigue in the lower extremities due to the effect of gravity on the circulation of the body. This study aimed to confirm the effects of aromatherapy essential oils, as a complementary and alternative therapy, on lower extremity edema, pain, and fatigue when applied as a foot bath or spray. The study was conducted after daytime work over two consecutive days on nurses who volunteered at the E University Hospital in D Metropolitan city between 15 August 2018 and 11 October 2018. This randomized controlled study. The foot bath group received a foot bath in 9 L of water containing 0.5 ml of essential oil blended with grapefruit and peppermint in a 1:1 ratio. The spray group received the same solution in 3% dilution in the form of a spray. Edema was assessed by measuring calf and ankle circumference, while pain and fatigue were evaluated using a numerical rating scale. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA. The calf circumference in the foot bath and spray groups significantly reduced compared to that in the control group (F = 14.053, p <.001) after the interventions. Lower extremity pain (F = 42.497, p < .001) and fatigue (F = 20.641, p < .001) also significantly reduced in the foot bath and spray groups compared to those in the control group after the interventions. Foot bath is recommended to relieve swelling and pain in the lower extremities, and aroma spray is highly recommended considering the ease of application.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2015

Objectives : This study aims to report the effect of Korean medicine treatments on a sequela of operation of hallux valgus. Methods : The patient was treated with Dangkisoosan-gami, Acupuncture treatment including Herbal-Acupuncture and physical therapy. We evaluated treatment effects by circumference of foot and ankle, Edema index score by Body Composition Analyzer, Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results : After 25 days of treatment, the symptoms such as lower extremity edema, foot pain and ankle pain were improved. Conclusions : In this case, Korean medicine treatments for a sequela of operation of hallux valgus was effective. But further studies are required to confirm the effect of these methods.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.243-250
• /
• 2013

Diabetic Charcot arthropathy is a severe joint disease in the foot and ankle that can result in fracture, permanent deformity, limb loss. Although recent research has improved our level of knowledge regarding its etiology and treatment, it still remains a poorly understood disease. It is a serious and potentially limb-threatening lower-extremity late complication of diabetes mellitus and its diagnosis is commonly missed upon initial presentation. Clinicians treating diabetic patients should be vigilant in recognizing early signs of acute Charcot arthropathy, such as pain, warmth, edema, or pathologic fracture in a neuropathic foot. Early detection and prompt treatment can prevent joint and bone destruction. If left untreated, it can reduce overall quality of life and dramatically increase morbidity and mortality of patients. The goal of this manuscript is to evaluate the current concepts of Charcot arthropathy through review of various literature and help clinicians decide the treatment strategy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.172-176
• /
• 2004

We described the clinical signs, gross lesions, histopathological lesions, and electronmicroscopy of pig Foot-and-Mouth Disease cases which had occurred in 2002, Korea. Grossly affected pigs showed vesicles on snout, tongue, coronary band, and udder. Histoapthologically, severe intercellular edema and necrosis of prickle cells, and separation between epidermis and dermis were found on the mucosa of tongue and coronary band. And myocardial necrosis and mononuclear cells infiltration in myocardium were found. Electronmicroscopically numerous picornavirus particles(18∼22 nm in diameter) were found in the cytoplasm of prickle cells. By those results, we confirm that those cases were typical FMD cases.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.236-239
• /
• 2009

Heel abscesses present as heel pain that progressively worsens, with associated tenderness and fullness a the heel pad. To our knowledge, there are fews reports in the literature describing a spontaneous heel pad abscess. A 48-years old woman presented spontaneously with pain, erythema, edema and increased warmth to this right foot. She has no underlying disease and steroid injection history. A radiologic examination was suggestive of an abscess. Follow incision and drainage, cultures that were taken during the surgical procedure did not produce any organism. The patient was discharged home and recovered from the abscess without recurrence or further surgical intervention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.615-627
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the physical and psycho-social effects of self-foot reflexology on female college students wearing high heels. The research design used was the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of sixty-eight participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=35) or control group (n=33). Data were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks and 10 weeks. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS WIN 20.0 program. In the analysis of the physical effects of self-foot reflexology, there were significant interactions of group by time in terms of the lower extremity edema and fatigue (p<.05). In the analysis of the psycho-social effects of self-foot reflexology, there were significant interactions of group by time in terms of the perceived health status and self-efficacy (p<.05), except for health promoting behavior. Self-foot reflexology was effective in reducing lower extremity edema and fatigue and in improving the perceived health status and self-efficacy. Consequently, self-foot reflexology as a nursing intervention was found to be a method of providing female college students wearing high heels with physical and psycho-social relief.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.182-195
• /
• 2003

This study investigated the effects of triamcinolone acetonide by iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery on anti-inflammatory action into the rats and which had carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and edema in the feet, trauma-induced tissue damage in the thigh. Each group was treated under the fellowing conditions. 1. Group I : Control group 2. Group II : Application of direct current 3. Group III : Application of 0.1$\%$ triamcinolone acetonide solution 4. Group IV : Iontophoresis of 0.1$\%$ triamcinolone acetonide solution The degree of anti-inflammation was evaluated by the paw withdrawal latency, the change in volume of foot the change of paw edema, histological change in rats. 1. In paw withdrawal latency, group IV showed the most significant therapeutic effect than the other groups at 0, 3, 6 and 9 hours(p < 0.001). 2. In paw edema experiment in the foot, group IV showed the most significant effect than group I at 0, 3, 6 and 9 hours. It meant that there was effective anti-inflammatory reaction in group I (p < 0.001). 3. In the light microscopic observation, group IV showed the most significant reduction of haemorrhage, hyperemia and infiltrative inflammation. From the results, the iontophoresis with triamcinolone acetonide is more effective than using each groups. It is one of the effective physical agent which delivered large molecular weight drug into the body. The continuous study is needed for many interesting issues of iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery in new future.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.245-257
• /
• 2020

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is associated with obesity; however, information on factors associated with pain in adults with obesity and severe obesity is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain by site and intensity of pain and associated factors in individuals with severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 35.0 kg/㎡). Methods: Baseline data from the DieTBra Trial study evaluating pain symptoms in nine body regions over the last seven days using the Nordic Questionnaire on Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Numerical Pain Scale. The variables analyzed using multiple Poisson regression with hierarchical analysis were: sociodemographic, lifestyle, food consumption, clinical, and anthropometric, and the outcome was moderate and intense pain. Results: In 150 participants, there was a high prevalence of ankle and foot pain (68.7%), lower back pain (62.7%), pain in the knees (53.3%) and upper back pain (52.0%), with a predominance of intense pain. Factors associated with pain according to specific sites were: type 2 diabetes with hand/wrist pain; sedentary time with hip pain; insomnia with pain in the hip and knee; edema in the lower limbs with pain in the lower back and ankles/feet; degree of obesity with ankle/foot pain; and percentage of total fat with ankle/foot pain. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of pain and intense pain in individuals with severe obesity and an association with clinical variables, the degree of obesity, and sedentary lifestyle.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Sinus tarsi syndrome (STS) is caused by various pathologies. However, the exact etiology of STS remains controversial. This study evaluated the imaging and arthroscopic findings of patients who underwent surgical treatment after conservative treatment for STS failed. Materials and Methods: Between December 2014 and August 2018, 20 patients (21 cases) who underwent surgical treatment for STS were included in the study. The clinical results were analyzed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot functional scale. The radiographic results were analyzed using Meary's angle, calcaneal pitch angle, and hindfoot alignment angle. The pathologic conditions of sinus tarsi were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subtalar arthroscopy. Synovitis, bone edema, and accessory anterolateral talar facet (AALTF) were evaluated on MRI. Synovial thickening, cartilage damage, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL) and cervical ligament rupture, soft tissue impingement, AALTF, and accessory talar facet impingement (ATFI) were evaluated by subtalar arthroscopy. Results: The mean duration of symptoms was 28.7 months (4~120). All patients showed significant improvement in the VAS and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale. Significant improvements in hindfoot alignment angle and Meary's angle postoperatively were noted in patients who underwent medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy. MRI confirmed synovitis in all patients, AALTF in 19 cases (90.5%), and ATFI with bone edema in seven cases (33.3%). In subtalar arthroscopy, pathologic conditions were observed in the following order: synovitis in 21 cases (100%), AALTF in 20 cases (95.2%), ITCL partial rupture in nine cases (42.9%), and soft tissue impingement in seven cases (33.3%). All cases had two or more pathological conditions, and 15 (71.4%) had three or more. Conclusion: In cases of STS that do not respond to conservative treatment, a comprehensive examination of the lesions of the tarsal sinus and lesions around the subtalar joint is essential.