• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-65
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is development of posture evaluation and Range of Motion(ROM) system by using digital vision analysis method. The results of this study are as follows. First, Scoliosis evaluation through this research measurement system represent 3mm error in 7 cervical point and deepest lumbar point, 0.7mm error in other point. This mean this research measurement system have a reliability for scoliosis evaluation. Second, for spine line evaluation on high fat subject, we need reconstrection spine line after measurement for fat thickness in 7 cervical point and deepest lumbar point. Third, In pedioscope error test, it present 0.01848cm in X axis and 0.01757cm in Y axis. This results mean pedioscope have a reliability foot evaluation. Forth, Posture evaluation and Range of Motion measurement system by using digital vision analysis method can fast measure in range of motion and foot evaluation and posture. therefore we can expect this system application in young people posture clinic center and hospital and so on.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this case study was to investigate into the effect of complex exercise program on the postural change, gait and balance ability in elementary school students with forward head posture. Methods: Four patients with forward head posture were recruited. They were evaluated pre-treatment, and after 6weeks, using neck disability index (NDI), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), balance ability, foot pressure (fore foot/rear foot peak pressure ratio, F/R ratio), gait ability (cadence, toe out angle, stance phase). Results: First, the angle of forward head posture (craniovertebral angle; CVA and cranialrotation angle; CRA) was decreased in all subjects. The NPRS and NDI were decreased in all subjects. Also, The cadence, toe out angle and F/R ratio were increased in all subjects. The stance phase of gait cycle was positively change in all subjects. Lastly, the static balance ability improved in all subjects. Conclusion: According to the results above, the complex exercise program for students with forward head posture can help improve the postural change, gait and balance ability. Also, the complex exercise program was able to select interventions depending on the patient's condition and the desired goal.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.773-783
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify foot shapes of Korean male farmers by classifying their foot types using 3D scan data and analyzing the characteristics of each type. Background: The increasing demands for anthropometric information for the design of machinery and personal protective equipment to prevent occupational injuries has necessitated an understanding of the anthropometric differences to be found among occupations. Static stooped posture and squatting posture are so common in Korean farmers that anthropometric deformation in foot especially seems to occur easily. Method: 366 Korean male farmers volunteered for this study from 16 different farming villages nationwide from 2009 to 2011. Subjects were categorized into 4 age groups from 40s to 70s. Their right feet were measured by using 3D foot scanner, the anthropometric dimensions were composed of 40 items. Results: The 8 major factors affecting the foot shapes were extracted. From these factors the foot shape of Korean male farmers was classified into 3 Foot types. Foot type 1 showed severe deformation in toe 1, type 2 had a narrow shape and type 3 had a wider width for its length. Conclusion: There were some differences in foot shape and types between farmers and the public. The most characteristic foot type in Korean male farmers was type 3. Application: The results of identifying foot shapes of Korean male farmers might provide the useful information for designing ergonomic farm work shoes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.141-145
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• 2018

Purpose: Changes in the curvature of the vertebral columns of elderly women with increasing age causes various side effects and disorders. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the 8-figure scapular brace to improve pulmonary function and balance ability based on lung capacity and foot pressure by increasing the vertebral curvature. Methods: Seventeen elderly women with a forward head posture were selected. Women were asked to wear the 8-figure scapular brace and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured, as were changes in foot pressure. Measurements were conducted three times each and the mean values were used for subsequent analyses. For static evaluation, we used the paired t-test to identify differences between pre and post values. Results: There was no significant difference in FEV1 and FVC before and after use of the brace (p>0.05); however, there was a significant decrease in forefoot pressure and an increase in rearfoot pressure following application of the brace (p<0.05). Conclusion: Application of the 8-figure scapular brace to correct vertebral curvature in elderly women influenced pressure distribution change from immediate effect body arrange of cervical and thoracic. However, wearing the 8-figure scapular brace may interfere with expansion of the chest and therefore respiratory muscle activity. Accordingly, it is necessary to apply appropriate treatment when wearing a scapular brace and to allow a sufficient intervention period while also providing therapeutic interventions such as posture correction or respiration training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare different standing postures with the use of standing aids for lumbar spine posture and muscle activity, and to identify the most desirable standing posture. METHODS: The lumbopelvic angle was assessed based on static radiographic measurement on the sagittal plane. Lumbar lordosis, lumbosacral lordosis, and the intervertebral joint angle at L1/L5 and L5/S1 were measured using radiography in three standing postures (standing on level ground, standing with one foot on a platform, and standing on a sloped surface). In addition, muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography to examine the co-contraction of the lumbar and hip muscles. RESULTS: Lumbar lordosis, lumbosacral lordosis, and L5/S1 intervertebral joint flexion occurred with one foot on the platform. No significant differences were found between standing on a sloped surface and standing on level ground. However, muscle co-contraction was reduced with the use of standing aids. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that standing with a foot on a platform induced lumbar lordosis, but that there was no significant difference between standing on a sloped surface and standing on level ground. However, muscle co-contraction was reduced with the use of standing aids. Based on the motor control pattern as a predictor of LBP, the use of standing aids would help workers during prolonged standing.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.222-229
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise on the posture and walking speed of chronic stroke survivors with an ankle-foot orthosis. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-four chronic persons with chronic stroke admitted to Bobath Memorial Hospital in Seongnam city were divided into two groups by random blind method. Treadmill exercise with an elastic ankle-foot orthosis was performed in the experimental group and treadmill exercise was performed in the control group. The experiment was carried out for 6 weeks, and the experiment was carried out three times a week for 20 minutes per session. To measure the effect, static balance was measured using the MTD system before and after training, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to measure functional balance. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in the BBS measurement results for confirming the functional balance (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups in single limb support time, step time and step length (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, it was found that treadmill exercise with an elastic ankle-foot orthosis in persons with chronic stroke was effective in maintaining functional balance, walking ability, step length, and step time. Therefore, it is necessary to use a flexible ankle-foot orthosis with proper treadmill exercise as a method of improving balance and walking speed of chronic stroke survivors.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2012

Until now, most studies of foot moving or driving posture have been performed under laboratory driving conditions. But there are many different things between actual driving conditions and laboratory driving conditions because, in laboratory conditions, it is hard to consider vehicle's noise, vibration and people's psychology state while driving. Thus this study is performed through actual driving conditions. And while driving test, we recorded driver's foots with 2 cameras to investigate foots(left and right) heel point and how human foots move to control the three pedals : accel, brake and footrest.. Through driving test, the results of this study show that the position of driver's heel point isn't related to stature and tends to be generalized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.961-962
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• 2010

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze how the upright body type exercise program affected body balance and record of archers. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of upright body type exercise, on this basis, in enhancing the performance of archery players. Method: A total of 14 archers (7 men and 7 women) in B Metropolitan City who had ${\geq}4years$ of career in archery and were given explanation of its contents and purpose before giving spontaneous consent to the experiment were enrolled in the study. The upright body type exercise program was implemented thrice a week for 12 weeks, with higher exercise intensity with time. A resistive pressure sensor, Gaitview AFA-50, was used to measure the foot plantar pressure distribution and analyze quantitative information concerning variation in posture stability and weight shift in dynamic balance of foot plantar pressure in shooting and static balance of plantar pressure with the eyes open and closed and the change in archery record accompanying the change in body balance. Results: As for the differences in foot plantar pressure between before and after participation in the upright body type exercise program, there was no significant difference in static balance of foot plantar pressure with the eyes open, and there was statistically significant difference at the ${\alpha}=.05$ significance level in static balance of foot plantar pressure with the eyes closed or in dynamic balance of foot plantar pressure in shooting. There was statistically significant difference at the ${\alpha}=.05$ significance level in archery record. Conclusion: The upright body type exercise program had positive effects on static and dynamic balance of foot plantar pressure by allowing archers to experience less body sway and physical imbalance in shooting with closed eyes and positive effects on archery record. Thus, the program is expected to help archers correct their posture and perform better.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.164-171
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the immediate effects of wearing a foot-pressure-based insole (FPBI) on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), postural sway, and muscle activation in healthy individuals with genu varum. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on thirteen adults, with six male and seven females subjects. The mean age was 24.08 years. Foot pressure was measured to apply the FPBI and the weight bearing lunge test was performed with the application of a flat insole (FI) and FPBI. Examination was randomly performed in four conditions to measure both postural sway and muscle activation. All participants applied both the FI and FPBI with four conditions. The four conditions were as follows: 1) Romberg test posture with eyes closed, 2) Romberg test posture with eyes opened, 3) dominant single leg standing with eyes opened, and 4) non-dominant single leg standing with eyes opened. Results: For ankle DFROM between the FI and FPBI, a significant increase was observed in both the dominant and non-dominant leg (p<0.05). For postural sway between the FI and FPBI in the Romberg test posture with eyes closed and dominant single leg standing with eyes opened conditions, a significant decrease was observed (p<0.05). However, the postural sway between FI and FPBI in the Romberg test posture with eyes opened and non-dominant single leg standing with eyes opened, no significant decrease was observed. Also, there were no significant effects on muscle activation between the application of the FI and FPBI. Conclusions: The result showed that FPBI immediately improved ankle DFROM and postural sway. It seems that FPBI may improve genu varum in healthy individuals with genu varum.