Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine (대한물리의학회지)

The Korean Society of Physical Medicine (대한물리의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Standing Aids on Lumbar Spine Posture and Muscle Activity in the Lumbar Spine and Hip during Prolonged Standing

  • Received : 2019.01.23
  • Accepted : 2019.03.06
  • Published : 2019.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare different standing postures with the use of standing aids for lumbar spine posture and muscle activity, and to identify the most desirable standing posture. METHODS: The lumbopelvic angle was assessed based on static radiographic measurement on the sagittal plane. Lumbar lordosis, lumbosacral lordosis, and the intervertebral joint angle at L1/L5 and L5/S1 were measured using radiography in three standing postures (standing on level ground, standing with one foot on a platform, and standing on a sloped surface). In addition, muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography to examine the co-contraction of the lumbar and hip muscles. RESULTS: Lumbar lordosis, lumbosacral lordosis, and L5/S1 intervertebral joint flexion occurred with one foot on the platform. No significant differences were found between standing on a sloped surface and standing on level ground. However, muscle co-contraction was reduced with the use of standing aids. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that standing with a foot on a platform induced lumbar lordosis, but that there was no significant difference between standing on a sloped surface and standing on level ground. However, muscle co-contraction was reduced with the use of standing aids. Based on the motor control pattern as a predictor of LBP, the use of standing aids would help workers during prolonged standing.

Keywords

References

  1. Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C, et al. Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2006;Suppl 2:S192-300.
  2. Korean Ministry of Employment and Labor. Industrial accident. 2017.
  3. Kent P, Keating J. Do primary-care clinicians think that nonspecific low back pain is one condition?. Spine. 2004;29(9):1022-31. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200405010-00015
  4. Nelson-Wong E, Callaghan JP. Is muscle co-activation a predisposing factor for low back pain development during standing? A multifactorial approach for early identification of at-risk individuals. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010a;20(2):256-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.04.009
  5. Marshall PW, Patel H, Callaghan JP. Gluteus medius strength, endurance, and co-activation in the development of low back pain during prolonged standing. Hum Mov Sci. 2011;30(1):63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2010.08.017
  6. Tissot F, Messing K, Stock S. Studying the relationship between low back pain and working postures among those who stand and those who sit most of the working day. Ergonomics. 2009;52(11):1402-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130903141204
  7. Nelson-Wong E, Gregory DE, Winter DA, et al. Gluteus medius muscle activation patterns as a predictor of low back pain during standing. Clin Biomech. 2008a;23(5):545-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.01.002
  8. Winter DA, Prince F, Stergiou P, et al. Medial-lateral and anterior-posterior motor responses associated with centre of pressure changes in quiet standing. Neurosci Res Commun. 1993;12(3):141-8.
  9. Nelson-Wong E, Gregory DE, Winter DA, et al. Gender differences in postural control strategies during prolonged standing. In North American Conference on Biomechanics (NACOB), Ann Arbor, MI. 2008b.
  10. Konz SA, Rys MJ. An ergonomics approach to standing aids. Occup Ergon. 2003;3(3):165-72. https://doi.org/10.3233/OER-2003-3303
  11. Dolan P, Adams MA, Hutton WC. Commonly adopted postures and their effect on the lumbar spine. Spine. 1988;13(2):197-201. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198802000-00012
  12. Gallagher KM, Callaghan JP. Standing on a declining surface reduces transient prolonged standing induced low back pain development. Appl. Ergon. 2016;56:76-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.03.014
  13. Gallagher KM, Wong A, Callaghan JP. Possible mechanisms for the reduction of low back pain associated with standing on a sloped surface. Gait Posture. 2013;27(3):313-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.07.020
  14. Nelson-Wong E, Callaghan JP. The impact of a sloped surface on low back pain during prolonged standing work: a biomechanical analysis. Appl Ergon. 2010;41(6):787-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2010.01.005
  15. Chmielewski TL, Hurd WJ, Rudolph KS, et al. Perturbation training improves knee kinematics and reduces muscle co-contraction after complete unilateral anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Phys Ther. 2005;85(8):740-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.8.740
  16. Keegan JJ. Alterations of the lumbar curve related to posture and seating. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1953;35-A(3):589-603. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-195335030-00007
  17. Mitchell T, O'Sullivan PB, Burnett AF, et al. Regional differences in lumbar spinal posture and the influence of low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:152. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-152
  18. Winkelstein BA, DeLeo JA. Mechanical thresholds for initiation and persistence of pain following nerve root injury: mechanical and chemical contributions at injury. J Biomech Eng. 2004;126(2):258-63. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1695571
  19. Scannell JP, McGill SM. Lumbar posture--should it, and can it, be modified? A study of passive tissue stiffness and lumbar position during activities of daily living. Phys Ther. 2003;83(10):907-17. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.10.907
  20. Carlsoo S. The static muscle load in different work positions: An electromyographic study. Ergonomics. 1961;4(3):193-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140136108930520
  21. Kim CY, Kang JH. Analysis of electromyographic activities of erect spinae at different height of table during ultrasound therapy work. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2013;12(3):1-10. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2017.12.3.1
  22. Nadler SF, Malanga GA, Feinberg JH, et al. Relationship between hip muscle imbalance and occurrence of low back pain in collegiate athletes: a prospective study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;80(8):572-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002060-200108000-00005