• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.349-364
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• 2024

본 연구는 AHP를 적용하여 영양교사 및 영양사의 학교급식 식단 작성 시 고려 요인들의 상대적 중요도를 학교급별로 비교함으로써 효율적인 학교급식 식단 구성 방안에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 모집단인 전국 유·초·중·고·특수학교 20,548개교를 대상으로 표본을 추출하여 총 395부 중 166부를 회수하였고, SPSS 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 CR이 0.2 이하인 응답에 대해 분석을 진행하였다. AHP를 이용하여 학교급식 식단 구성의 각 분야별 상대적 중요도를 분석한 결과 조리 인력 및 시설, 기호도, 영양의 균형, 조리 과정, 식재료 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 각 분야의 가장 중요한 하위 영역은 조리종사자의 숙련도, 급식대상자의 기호도, 영양소 섭취 기준, 위생, 식품비 예산이었으며, 이는 각 학교급에서 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 더불어 급식 대상자의 기호도, 영양소 섭취 기준, 식품비 예산은 식단 작성 시 어려운 점의 상위 3가지 항목과도 일치해 식단 작성 시 반영이 어려울수록 상대적 중요도가 높게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 향후 학교급식 식단 구성 및 관리 업무 효율 증대에 기여하며 정책 운영 방향 설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2016

The number of higher education institutions in Malaysia is increasing and continuously attracts a large number of international students. Therefore, it is important for foodservice operator to understand the perception of international students towards the university cafeteria in order to create student satisfaction. The aim of this study was to identify the perception of international students towards the university cafeteria, and this paper explored four research questions in order to identify the factors affecting it. The findings of this paper included a list of factors such as food quality, choices and sanitation, price, ambience and facilities and service quality of the cafeteria. This research significantly enabled the foodservice operators to gain deeper knowledge about the factors that influence the perception of international students towards the university cafeteria, which can meet the quality standards of the university.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.22-34
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• 2007

We researched the previous study about the restaurant's physical environment and had made up questionnaires. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of physical facilities of family restaurants on customers' satisfaction. The result was as follows: First, customers visited with friends or family irrespective of days $2{\sim}3$ times a month. Second, the physical environment factors of family restaurants were interior design, interior, making atmosphere and exterior. Third, it was the interior factor(0.268), making atmosphere factor(0.353) and exterior factor(0.244) that affected customers' satisfaction in family restaurants(p<0.001). $R^2$ change was 0.659 and the regression model was suited to our study(F=56.475). To increase customers' satisfaction, the physical environment of family restaurants needs remodeling in proper time.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1996

This study was surveyed to investigate the condition and satisfaction of foodservice environment. the survey was conducted based on an instrument which was developed by reviewing previous research. The instrument was provided to 57 nutritionists at the elementary schools in Taegu area, and its contents include the standard and relevance of kitchen center, the layout type and the standard of satisfaction for the cooking equipment, washing machine, kitchen table and kitchen facilities. Data obtained from survey were analyzed by SAS. These results show that the combination layout type among four types of cooking center in the arrangement gives the highest standard of satisfaction to nutritionists. The amounts of equipment holding are related to its arrangement in the standard of satisfaction.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.227-240
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to assess the hygiene status of 145 child-care foodservices, which were newly registered in the Center for the Children's Foodservice Management (CCFSM) in Changwon, Gyeongnam. Sanitary inspection checklist (40 food safety items) of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) was used by the CCFSM in Changwon, Gyeongnam. Average score from the total safety items in 145 child-care foodservices was 21.41 points out of 40 points. Score gaps between the lower group (71 foodservices, 13.92 points) and higher group (74 foodservices, 28.61 points) showed a significant difference (P<0.001). The top five priorities of sanitary measures needing corrective actions for child-care foodservices were as follows: 'provide hand washing and sanitizing tools, and supply manuals on how to wash hands properly', 'supply record form for access/inspection', 'conduct education for cooks on standards in the selection of sanitizer for raw vegetables and proper methods to wash and sanitize raw vegetables', 'provide a refrigerator and a freezer with installed thermometers and temperature record monitoring logs', 'encourage separation of contamination operating zone and clean zone or conduct training for cooks on ways to prevent cross-contamination by performing work separately by the hour'. For the higher group, most were national/public facilities (83.3%), whereas in the lower group, private facilities (62.1%) were more common than national/public ones (37.9%). Therefore, a significant difference (P<0.001) was detected in the two groups. These private facilities should be supported.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of, and to assure the hygienic safety of, the kimbap production in the university foodservice facilities in accordance with the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) Program. The time-temperature relationship and the microbiological quality (specifically, total plate count and coliform bacteria count) were assessed to find the critical control point (CCP) during each of the production phases. The average of the daily longest duration time of the kimbap at the facilities was 23.4 hours in summer, while 29.6 hours in winter. In the purchasing phase of the raw materials, the microbiological quality of laver, fish paste, carrot and cucumber in summer was not at an acceptable level according to the standard set by the Natick research center, especially the number of TPC and the coliform level of laver was higher than the threshold level. In the refrigerator storage phase, the temperature of the carrot was 7.4$^{\circ}C$. This temperature is far exceeding the standard so that the microbiological counts was increased by the 2 log cycle during the average storage time of 17 hours or more. In the preparation phase, the temperature of the blanching is too low compared to the standard. In the holding phase before serving, its time-temperature relationship was out of the FDA food code standard both in winter and summer. In the sewing phase, the number of microbiological count was higher than the threshold level in summer while that in winter was up to standard. According to the Harrigan and McCance standard, the number of microbiological count of the utensils was higher than the threshold level in summer while that in winter was up to standard.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze roles and duties of officials in charge of school foodservice in city, province and district 'Offices of Education'. For this purpose, the list of roles/duties of officials was developed through in-depth interviews, content analysis, and delphi technique. The list which includes 56 duty items in 8 dimensions was used for developing a questionnaire. A total of 282 questionnaires from 102 Offices of Education were used for the analysis. The school foodservice officials regarded 'budget management', 'facilities & labor management', 'developing long-term plan', and 'inspection & evaluation' as important. 'Education and research' and ‘management of nutrition, diet, and food materials' showed higher level of importance and need for support compared to its frequencies of work. There was no significant difference among city, provincial, and district Offices of Education on the levels of importance for each area/category. However, 'Officials in the District Offices of Education' needed more support in the area/category of 'facility & labor management'(p < .01). In addition, there was a significant difference between actual and ideal proportion of work in 'education & research'(p < .001), 'management of nutrition, diet and food'(p < .01), 'other supports for school foodservice'(p < .05) amongst the officials in 'City & Province Offices of Education'. For 'officials in the District Offices of Education', actual and ideal proportion of work was different in 'planning & coordination'(p < .01), 'school foodservice program management'(p < .001), 'education & research' (p < .001), 'management of nutrition, diet and food materials'(p < .001), and 'budget management'(p < .001). The results of this study showed that the areas of 'budget management', 'facility & labor management', and 'developing long-term plan', inspection & evaluation' needed more support for 'City & Province Offices of Education'. 'Officials in the District Offices of Education' also needed more support in the areas of 'budget management' and 'facility & labor management'.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.374-385
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the status of foodservice management, with special interest on sanitary and nutritional food service in elderly day care centers. Methods: A total of 79 employees who managed foodservice facilities in elderly day care centers were included in the survey. The contents of the questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, importance and performance of sanitary and nutrition management, the reasons for poor performance, factors necessary for improvement, and the employee's demand for support. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS v25.0. Results: Sanitary management showed an average importance score of 4.84 ± 0.40 and a performance score of 4.70 ± 0.61 (t-value: 8.260). The item with the lowest performance score was personal sanitary management (4.58 ± 0.71). In nutrition management, the average importance score was 4.52 ± 0.68, and the performance score was 4.20 ± 1.00 (t-value: 9.609). There were significant differences between the average score of importance and performance in both areas. As a result of an Importance-Performance Analysis, items that were recognized as important but had relatively low performance was "personal hygiene", "ventilation" and "food storage". Also in the nutritional management area, "menu planning for disease management" and "checking the saltiness in the soup" etc. had very low performance with low importance recognition. The items shown in the "low priority" quadrant were those that required professional management skills. In the areas that demanded support in foodservice management, education about sanitary and safe institutional food service had the highest score (4.42 ± 0.74), and all other items showed a demand of 4 points or more. Conclusions: Foodservice managers recognize the importance of foodservice facility management but performance is relatively low. Institutional support is, therefore, needed to improve performance. For items with low importance, it seems necessary to improve awareness of the necessity of these items and to provide education in this regard. To gradually improve foodservice management, continuous provision of education and training in these areas are of great importance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.701-711
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• 2004

This study investigated elementary, middle, and high school teachers' satisfaction, nutrition education, workload changes, and demands in school foodservice programs (SFPs). The subjects were 630 teachers at 12 elementary, 9 middle, and 9 high school within the nation. Ninety five percent of the teachers felt that there was a necessity for SFPs. Middle school teachers (MTs) and high school teachers (HTs) thought that it was necessary in order to reduce the students' burden of carrying lunch boxes. The teachers were relatively satisfied with their school's foodservice management types, food distribution types, meal quality, and sanitation. Elementary teachers (ETs) and HTs had a higher satisfaction than MTs. Teachers thought that SFPs had positive effects on their students' nutrition and health, enhancing desirable eating habits, and socialization. ETs had more positive opinions than MTs or HTs. ETs and MTs thought that their workload had been increased by SFPs more than HTs, but they had relatively positive opinions on the workload change. ETs taught nutrition and health through SFPs more frequently than MTs or HTs. Many teachers thought that there was a lack of appropriate teaching materials. Some teachers thought that the problems in the present SFPs were: a lack of cafeteria facilities, poor quality of meals, and management of leftovers. Their demands for SFPs were a improvement of meal quality and the establishment of cafeterias. In conclusion, MTs had more negative opinions than ETs or HTs. ETs perceived that SFPs had a function as an important educational activity as well as the supply of nutritional meals. MTs or HTs tended to consider only a meal. It is suggested that teachers, especially MTs and HTs, should modify their attitudes and recognize the educational functions of SFPs. Training programs should be developed under government auspices.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1475-1485
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• 2012

본 연구는 경남지역의 초 중 고등학교 영양(교)사를 대상으로 HACCP 시스템 적용 시 HACCP 영역별 장애 요인과 CCP 단계별 장애 요인에 대한 인지도를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 2009년 11월부터 12월까지 경상남도교육청 소속 초 중 고등학교 영양(교)사 350명을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하고 214부를 회수하여 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, HACCP 영역별 장애 요인의 분석 결과 '시설 설비 현황(3.38)'> '모니터링(3.35)'> '업무만족도(3.11)'> '조리종사자(3.00)'> 'HACCP팀 협력(2.95)'> '급식종사자 외 관계인 협조(2.80)'> 'HACCP 시스템 이해(2.39)'의 순으로 인지도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. '시설 설비현황' 영역에서는 '학교설립형태(p<0.05)', '급식형태(p<0.05)', '조리장 신개축 여부(p<0.01)', '조리장 작업구역 구분 여부(p<0.01)', '전처리실 유무(p<0.01)', '식기세척실 유무(p<0.01)'에 따라 유의한 차이를 보여 시설이 잘 갖추어진 학교에서는 시설 설비 현황 영역에 대한 장애요인 인지도가 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째, HACCP 단계별 장애 요인에 대한 인지도 분석 결과 'CCP 1(식단의 구성)'> 'CCP 3(검수)'> 'CCP 2(잠재적으로 위험한 식단의 공정 관리)', 'CCP 6(식품취급 및 조리과정)'> 'CCP 4(냉장 냉동의 온도 관리'> 'CCP 8(식품 접촉 표면 세척 및 소독)'> 'CCP 7(운반 및 배식 과정)'> 'CCP 5(채소 과일의 세척 및 소독)'의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면, 경남지역 영양(교)사들은 학교급식 HACCP 시스템 적용 시 HACCP 영역별에서는 '시설 설비 현황' 영역을, 단계별에서는 'CCP 1(식단의 구성)' 단계를 가장 큰 장애 요인으로 인식함을 알 수 있었다. 경남지역 영양(교)사들은 HACCP 시스템에 대한 이해도는 높으나 실질적으로 식단 작성에 있어서는 높은 수준의 장애 요인을 인지하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 근거로 하여 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, HACCP 시스템 적용에 따른 가장 큰 장애요인인 '시설 설비 현황' 다음으로 많은 장애를 느끼는 것은 '영양(교)사의 업무 과중으로 인한 많은 시간의 소모', '실질적인 모니터링의 부족', 'CCP의 관리 및 기록을 위한 시간과 노력의 투입'이 조사되었으므로 영양(교)사의 업무 분석 및 적정 인력 배치에 대한 대책을 수립하여야 할 것이다. 둘째, 향후 영양(교)사를 위한 위생적이고 안전한 식단 구성을 위한 구체적인 가이드라인 및 교육 훈련 프로그램이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 학교급식에서 HACCP 시스템의 성공적인 적용을 위해서 무엇보다 관련 당사자들 즉 급식 현장에 있는 영양(교)사, 조리종사자 뿐만 아니라 학교장, 예산관련 부서, 교사, 학생, 학부모, 지역 사회의 적극적인 협조가 우선적으로 필요하다. 관련 당사자들의 적극적인 협조를 이끌어 내기 위해 교육청 및 지방자치단체 차원에서의 적극적인 교육 및 홍보를 실시하여 많은 지원과 관심을 이끌어 내야 할 것이며, 위생의 중요성에 대한 인식 수준을 높여야 할 것이다.