• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1071-1084
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the relationships between obese index and major risk factors of cardiovascular disease in CVD patients. Anthropometry, food intake patterns, blood pressure, serum lipids and hematological values were analyzed in 550 patients from June, 1991 to August, 1992. The results are as follows: Total food intakes, especially total vegetable food and alcohol intakes were significantly related with obese index, so that the heavier patients tended to consume more carbohydrate and less fat. The blood pressure were observed to have positive correlation with obese index in man but not in women. However, both in men and women, blood levels of TG, TC, and VLDL tended to be related to obese index positively, while HDL and HDL-C were shown to be oppositive. So, it seems that as the degree of obesity is higher the blood pressure and blood lipids patterns worse. Therefore, these results suggest that obesity is one of the major risk factors of CVD, and for prevention & treatment of the disease, controlling body weight by nutritionally adequate diet along with alcohol restriction is necessary.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between body mass index and food habits of college students. For this purpose, 358 students of Kangweon University were asked to fill out the questionnaires for food habits and weight control. The results are summarized as follows ; The rate of underweight, normal and obese was 16.5, 65.1, 18.4%, respectively. Food habits score of obese females were lower than normal or underweight females. Male subjects did not show significantly different scores among the three groups. Female obese subjects have lower scores than the other groups on the eating time, seaweed intake, protein intake and vegetable intake. Male obese subjects have nutritious meals and more eating time than normal and underweight males. College students are the early stage of adult life and their food habits, food behaviors and life style will continue in later life. Therefore, college students need more nutritional knowledge, positive dietary attitudes and modified life styles to prevent and treat obesity.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

In this study, we examined chewing frequency, eating rates, and food consumption volume according to the body mass index of male and female college students. Twenty-five male college students were divided into a normal weight male group (<23 body mass index, n=14) and an obese male group (${\geq}23$ body mass index, n=11). Twenty-five female college students were divided into a normal weight female group (<23 body mass index, n=21) and an obese female group (${\geq}23$ body mass index, n=4). Subjects were provided with abundant fried rice and allowed to consume it at their own pace. Chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite were measured. There were no significant differences in chewing frequency, total mealtime, rate of eating, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese male groups. There were also no significant differences in chewing frequency, consumption volume, calorie intake, and the amount of one bite between the normal and obese female groups. However, the obese female group had a significantly shorter mealtime and significantly higher eating rate compared with the normal group. Thus, our study suggests that females who eat a meal for a longer time may reduce their food intake, consequently inducing body weight loss.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to compare the correlation of clinical characteristics and patterns of disease. Subjects of the study were the adults(207) living in Geoje City, the diabetes mellitus and the hypertension patients(166) and the normal people(41). In the diabetes mellitus group and the hypertension group, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholestero LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index(AI) were significantly high. As the obesity index was getting higher, the blood pressure of the diabetes mellitus group was high, and the HDL-cholesterol of the hypertension group was low, but AI of it was significantly high. The AI was significantly high as serum lipid index were getting higher in both groups. The rate of the prevalence was very high in the diabetes mellitus group(74.3%) and the hypertension group(73.7%). The pattern in the diabetes mellitus group was in order of the hypertension, the hyperlipidemia, and the obesity but, in the hypertension group was the hyperlipidemia, and the obesity. The obesity index and serum lipid index of complex patient group were higher than single patient group.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.429-439
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrients intakes, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) according to body mass index (BMI) in female college students (n = 320). The study subjects were divided into 3 groups based on their body mass index, an underweight group (BMI < 18.5 kg/$m^2$, n = 55), a normal group (18.5 kg/$m^2$ ${\leq}$ < 23 kg/$m^2$, n = 231), and an overweight group (23 kg/$m^2$ ${\leq}$ BMI < 25 kg/$m^2$, n = 34). The food and nutrition intake data obtained by administering a 3-day food record and were analyzed by using Can pro 3.0 software. Anthropometric measurements were collected from each subject. Body weights and BMI of the underweight group were 45.9 kg, 17.6 kg/$m^2$, those of the normal group were 53.8 kg, 20.5 kg/$m^2$, and those of overweight group were 62.6 kg, 23.8 kg/$m^2$, respectively. The mean daily dietary GI of underweight, normal and overweight groups was 66.2, 65.8 and 66.5, respectively. These differences were statistically non-significant. The mean daily dietary GL of underweight, normal and overweight groups were 159.2, 149.4, and 148.9, respectively. The major food source of dietary GI and GL was rice in the three groups. Dietary GI and GL were not significantly correlated with obesity when adjusted for energy, carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2015

The present study was performed to evaluate food behavior and nutritional status of children in a community child center using nutrition quotient according to age and growth index of children. The number of subjects enrolled in this study was 152 including 73 boys and 79 girls. Participants consisted of children from 5 to 12 years old, who visited a community child center in the area. Growth index was assessed through body mass index by height and weight and examined according to age. Subjects were divided into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese according to questionnaire, which consisted of five categories including balance, diversity, moderation, regularity and practice, were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. Current results show significant differences in the diversity and regularity (p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, four items in the form of 10 questions showed significant differences related to habits of sodium-related food intake. This study design will be a useful tool in the evaluation of food behavior and nutritional status of preschoolers or elementary school children in community child centers, together with food frequency questionnaires related with sodium food intake.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.752-770
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• 2016

Introduction: Caries prevention through diet control can be achieved clinically by use of the cariogenic potentiality for a range of food commonly eaten by Koreans. Material & methods: The cariogenic potentiality index of each food can be calculated with the sugar contents and the viscosity of each food applying the regression analysis on the variables. 278 favorite foods for Korean were examined. Result 1. The formula of CPI is as below Cariogenic potentiality index (CPI) = 2.581343*sugar contents+0.598324*viscosity 2. The average CPI of the fruits, vegetable are 9.07~9.62 minutes. But the average CPI of the carbohydrate food is 15.21~19.60 minutes. Conclusion: Using the cariogenic potentiality indices, we will be able to determine an individual patients' average oral status for caries experience in the future. In addition, diet control by use of the cariogenic potentiality index and the analysis for each nutrient is considered as useful clinically for diet control in preventive dentistry.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate arterial stiffness index, physical activity, and food and nutrient intake in middle-aged adults over 40 years when the incidence of cardiovascular disease begins to increase. Methods: This study included 106 subjects (48 males and 58 females) aged between 40 and 64 years. The arterial stiffness index (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV], and ankle-brachial index [ABI]) were measured using a blood pressure pulse wave testing device. Physical activity was assessed using the Korean version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and food and nutrient intake was calculated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 54.4 years. Although the ABI of the subjects was within the normal range, they were divided into tertiles to compare physical activity and food and nutrient intake. In males, the time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly higher in T3 (600.6 min/week) than in T1 (304.4 min/week). In females, the time spent in sedentary behavior was significantly lower in T3 (294.5 min/week) than in T1 (472.1 min/week). In addition, the frequency of fish consumption was significantly higher in T3 (1.27 frequency/day) than in T1 (0.64 frequency/day) in females. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and ω-3 fatty acid intake, adjusted for energy intake, were significantly positively correlated with ABI (r = 0.200 and r = 0.218, respectively). Conclusions: High MVPA (in males), low sedentary behavior (in females), and PUFA and ω-3 fatty acid intake through fish consumption may be associated with low peripheral artery stiffness. Therefore, arteriosclerosis can be prevented through physical activity and proper dietary therapy.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 1995

The purposes of the study were to identify the operational characteristics in employee feeding facilities, and to examine the correlations of productivity and these characteristics. A questionnaire was developed and mailed the 500 dietitians in employee feeding facilities in Seoul and Kyoungki Do. Usable questionnaires were received from 117 respondents for a response rate of 23.4％. The questionnaire was designed to determine the productivity index and to investigate the relationship between operational characteristics and productivity index. The questionnaire was contained 2 parts with a total of 16 statements. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS/PC programs. The average productivity indices of 117 facilities were 6.91 meals/hr. Total meals served/week was significantly correlated to the productivity index (r=0.441, p < 0.001). No of average servings per meal, percentage of convenience food use, average minutes for service/day, and employment in professional practice of dietitian were also positively correlated, while food cost was negatively correlated to the productivity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2024

Objectives: The sodium index is an index that converts the estimated sodium intake calculated using a verified and reliable sodium estimation formula. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the sodium index and obesity indicators and the potential impact of excessive sodium consumption on obesity. Methods: Obesity indicators, such as body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and visceral fat levels, were analyzed in 120 university students (60 men and 60 women). The sodium index was calculated by indexing the estimated sodium intake according to age, sex, BMI, salt-eating habits, and salt-eating behaviors. The relationship between sodium index and obesity indicators was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The estimated sodium intake was 3,907.1 mg, with 76.7% of the participants categorized under the "careful" level of sodium index and 10.8% under the "moderate" level. As the sodium index increased, the BMI, body fat percentage, WHR, and visceral fat levels significantly increased. All obesity indicators significantly increased in patients with a "severe" sodium index than in those with a "moderate" sodium index. In addition, a strong positive correlation was identified between obesity indicators and sodium index. When the "severe" sodium index was compared with the "moderate" sodium index, the risk of obesity based on body fat percentage increased by 2.181 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.526-3.118), while the risk of obesity based on visceral fat level increased by 4.073 times (95% CI, 2.097-7.911). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a correlation between excessive sodium intake and obesity. Moreover, the sodium index can be used to determine sodium intake.