• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.28-39
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the tendencies of the written test questions regarding the scientific plant names in the subject of scenic planting in the national qualification test for landscape engineers. To achieve this purpose, targeting the 20 questions in the subject of scenic planting, the study chronologically analyzed the types of the presented questions about the scientific names of the plants, the changes in their year-to-year number, and their presentation frequency over the past 11 years from 2006 to 2016. The following was found by an analysis of the tendency of the questions presented over 11 years from 2006 to 2016 regarding the scientific plant names in scenic planting in the written test of the national technical qualification examination for landscape engineers. The number of these questions was 234, and they were classified into 13 items: scientific names, families/genuses/ species, characteristics, barks, roots, foliage, flowers, fruits, properties, places of origin, stalks, leave, and uses. After analyzing the examination question trends per year, the year in which the highest number of questions was given was 2013 at 56.6%; the ratio of questions asking botanical names increased until 2013, although that ratio decreased starting in 2014 due to consistent efforts from the landscaping field. The plant species most frequently asked about were Betula platyphylla and Taxus cuspidata and others frequently asked about included Pinus densiflora, Acer palmatum, Forsythia koreana, Cercis chinensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Cornus officinalis, Zelkova serrata, Abies holophylla, Camellia japonica, Sophora japonica, Chaenomeles sinensis, which were asked about more than 10 times. The number of plant species presented as question items or choice items was 240 and their presentation frequency was 806, Among these, 66 species were steadily presented more than five times. They were presented 486 times, accounting for 27.5% of all species. The number of the new plant species which began to be presented in 2009 were 119(49.58% including Quercus myrsinaefolia) of all 240 species, indicating that their presentation frequency was gradually increased. As a result of comparative analysis of questions on arbor and shrub, evergreen and leaf abscission that have been presented for recent 11 years, the questions on arbor were more than shrub, the questions on leaf abscission were more than evergreen.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.472-480
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• 2019

Selection of the plant material for planting to reduce fine dust should comprehensively consider the visual characteristics, such as the shape and texture of the plant leaves and form of bark, which affect the adsorption function of the plant. However, previous studies on reduction of fine dust through plants have focused on the absorption function rather than the adsorption function of plants and on foliage plants, which are indoor plants, rather than the outdoor plants. In particular, the criterion for selection of fine dust reduction species is not specific, so research on the selection criteria for plant materials for fine dust reduction in urban areas is needed. The purpose of this study is to identify the priorities of eight indicators that affect the fine dust reduction by using the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model (MCDM) and establish the tree selection criteria for the urban planting to reduce fine dust. For the purpose, we conducted a questionnaire survey of those who majored in fine dust-related academic fields and those with experience of researching fine dust. A result of the survey showed that the area of leaf and the tree species received the highest score as the factors that affect the fine dust reduction. They were followed by the surface roughness of leaves, tree height, growth rate, complexity of leaves, edge shape of leaves, and bark feature in that order. When selecting the species that have leaves with the coarse surface, it is better to select the trees with wooly, glossy, and waxy layers on the leaves. When considering the shape of the leaves, it is better to select the two-type or three-type leaves and palm-shaped leaves than the single-type leaves and to select the serrated leaves than the smooth edged leaves to increase the surface area for adsorbing fine dust in the air on the surface of the leaves. When considering the characteristics of the bark, it is better to select trees that have cork layers or show or are likely to show the bark loosening or cracks than to select those with lenticel or patterned barks. This study is significant in that it presents the priorities of the selection criteria of plant material based on the visual characteristics that affect the adsorption of fine dust for the planning of planting to reduce fine dust in the urban area. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the selection of trees for plantation planning in the urban area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.43
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• pp.123-138
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• 2020

This study found Flower Jewelry works in the monthly magazine specializing in flower decoration for nine years from 2011 to 2019. Based on the analysis of the type of expression, method of expression, type and number of plant materials used, and the type and number of non-plant materials used for the flower jewelry found, it was conducted to find out the trend of flower jewelry in Korea. By expression type, a total of 96 works were analyzed as 20.83% for headdresses, 57.29% for necklaces, 5.21% for earrings, 6.25% for lists, and 10.42% for other works(χ²=94.833, p<.001). According to the analysis of the frequency of use of expression techniques, headdresses, necklaces, and lists for each work were produced using five to six different expression techniques and earrings were produced using two to four expression techniques. Material coupling techniques 34.43%, flower and leaf utilization 30.17%, visual techniques 16.63%, collectivization techniques 14.12%, technical highlighting techniques 4.26%, and other 0.39% (χ²=455.222, p<.001). The most frequently used techniques were framing techniques 16.63% and knotting techniques 16.44%. Plant materials used in flower jewelry were found to be 22.61% for Phalaenopsis spp., 13.48% for Gomphrena globosa, 9.57% for Gloriosa rothschildiana, 7.39% for Epidendrum cinnabarinum, 6.96% for Chamelaucium uncinatum and 4.78% for Craspedia globosa (χ²=718.104, p<.001). In the case of branch, the most common was used with 70.00% of the Cornus walteri, and 10.00% of Actinidia arguta, Celastrus orbiculatus, and Salix pseudolasiogyne were used respectively (χ²=10.800, p=.013). In the case of foliage, 24.65% Aspidistra elatior, 24.62% Asparagus asparagoides, 11.54% Senecio rowleyanus, and 6.15% Ceropegia woodii (χ²=269.385, p<.001). In the case of berries, 44.44% of the fruits of the Smilax china, 33.33% of the Hypericum patulum, and 11.11% of the Phytolacca americana were found (χ²=11.444, p =.022). Non-planting materials used in the manufacture of flower jewelry were found to be 47.34% of 2mm aluminium wire, 33.73% of copper wire and 10.06% of 1mm aluminum wire (χ²=186.704, p<.001). The figure was 53.57% for pearls, 12.50% for ribbons, and 4.14% for spangles and feathers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.94-99
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to utilize hydroculture by the vital means of the improvement of indoor relative humidity. This experiment employed a search of the effect of Scindapsus aureus and Syngonium podophyllum that are generalized for hydroculture foliage plant by a difference of volume ratio, pot media and plants species. In the case of Scindapsus aureus, relative humidity was high for growth chamber in which plants presented as opposed to control growth chambers in which there were no plants. Although relative humidity was 25% in control chamber, there was an increase of 40% at a 2% volume ratio, 45% at a 3% volume ratio and 50% at a 5% volume ratio. The relative humidity of Syngonium podophyllum was 40% at a 2% volume ratio, 44% at a 3% volume ratio and 46% at a 5% volume ratio, while the control treatment was 25% relative humidity in hydroculture. Both the control treatment and hydroball pot in a hydroball container were high at first. As time progressed, artificial soil pots in water containers was similar when housed within the control chamber by about 45% relative humidity. Hydroball pots in water container had about 30% relative humidity. Ardisia pusilla of hydroball poIt in hydroball container had about 38% relative humidity.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2010

This study was performed to provide useful information for kentucky bluegrass management during summer by application of plant growth regulator, Trinexapac-ethyl. Visual quality, shoot density and chlorophyll contents of treatment blocks were significantly different from those of control during summer by application of Trinexapac-ethyl. The turfgrass density of treatment was increased of 4ea/$10\;cm^2$, especially about 5ea/$10\;cm^2$ during the growth retarded period of June and July. Chlorophyll contents index and visual quality of kentucky bluegrass were improved by application of Trinexapac-ethyl during summer, too. In addition, the occurrence of foliage in rainy and high temperature season was less than that of control. However, there was no significant difference in the root length of Kentucky Bluegrass. Meanwhiles, mowing height of kentucky Bluegrass was suppressed by 38% at 2 WAT week after treatment and that there was no significant growth of treatment at 4 WAT. In this experiment, turfgrass quality was significantly better than that of control during July, even though trinexapac-ethyl wasn't applied at all in July. Consequently, periodic treatment of trinexapac- ethyl from spring would be very important to promote the turfgrass visual quality during summer which is unfavorable season on the growth of kentucky bluegrass. And it is possible to reduce mowing times at least 30% for 2 weeks by one application of Trinexapac-ethyl 0.02~0.03 ml/$m^2$ in kentucky bluegrass fairway. Additively, trinexapac- ethyl treatment can be helpful environmentally by cutting down the fertilizers and pesticides in golf course.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.799-807
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• 2004

The objective of this field experiment was to investigate the growth, hay yield and chemical composition of cassava and stylo 184 grown under intercropping. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: sole crop cassava (C); sole crop stylo 184 (S) and three intercropping treatments comprising an additive series of one (SC), two (SSC) and three (SSSC) rows of stylo 184 to one row of cassava. The results showed that leaf area per plant (LA) of cassava was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments. Both total hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly higher (p<0.05) for C treatment and lower (p<0.05) for SSSC treatment. The total hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly greater (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments. At the first and second harvests, CP content was similar among treatments; while at third and fourth harvests, CP contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the intercropping treatment relative to the sole crop. At the first and second harvest, NDF contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments, whereas NDF contents were similar among intercropping treatments. Leaf area of stylo 184 at first and second harvest were significantly greater (p<0.05) for C, SC and SSC as compared with the SSSC treatments. At each harvesting, there were no significant differences in ash, CP, NDF, ADF and ADL contents of stylo 184 hay between the sole crop and intercropping treatments, except for the first harvest. ADF contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) in S, SC treatments relative to SSC and SSSC treatments. Both collective hay yield and CPDM yield of cassava and stylo 184 were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the SSC treatment and significantly lower (p<0.05) for the S treatment. Collective hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the intercropping treatments relative to the sole crop. Based on this research, it was concluded that stylo 184 showed potential for intercropping with cassava. Intercropping cassava with stylo 184 has beneficial effects and can improve foliage biomass yield and soil fertility, which would be a more sustainable system than growing the cassava as a pure stand. In terms of hay yield and CP production, two rows of stylo 184 to one row of cassava could be the optimal pattern for this intercropping system.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 2008

Effects of different application of nematicides (fosthiazate 5% G, ethoprophos 5% G, and diazinon 34% EC) for the control of Aphelenchoides fragariae in strawberry were evaluated in a greenhouse experiments. Mother strawberry (Fragaria grandiflora) cv. Yeohong were dipped in solution of nematicides (fosthiazate or ethoprophos at 2.5 g a.i./liter in $20^{\circ}C\;or\;46^{\circ}C$) for 10 min. and planted in a greenhouse for dipping treatment. For the compare, mother strawberry were dipped in hot water for 10 min. without chemicals. For soil treatment, fosthiazate or ethoprophos at 3 kg a.i./ha were mixed into soil. For foliar spray, diazinon at 3.4 g a.i./liter was sprayed at foliage until runoff. At 40, 80, and 100 days after planting, runners were harvested from each treatment and the rate of nematode infestation and the number of nematodes per plant were examined. After 100 days of planting, mother strawberry plants dipped in fosthiazate solution (2.5 g a.i./liter, $20^{\circ}C$) for 10 min. produced more number of healthy runners and reduced % of infected runner as much as 90% and also had fewer nematodes per runner. Fosthiazate was more effective than ethoprophos. Foliar application of diazinon was reduced A. fragariae populations only in early season. Hot water treatment and nematicide soil treatment were less effective.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chitosan on the growth and yield of fall-planted potatoes. The research was carried out in fall-planted potatoes from August 2000 to Aprial 2001 at the height of 250m above sea level in Jeju Island. Soaking for 30 min. of seed potatoes in 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitosan shortened days to emergence by 4 to 6 days. Stem length, number of stems and number of stolons per plant were 56.5 cm, 4.3, and 19.0, respectively, when seed potatoes were soaked for 30 min. in 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitossan. Total potato yield in this treatment reached 2,963 kg per 10a and was significantly greater than in other treatments. Yield of marketable tubers (greater than 30g) per 10a for treatment of seed potatoes soaking in 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitosan and for treatment of foliage spray with 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitosan plus chitosna power (10 kg per 10a) miximg with soil was 2,761 kg and 2,628 kg, respectively. Contents of Mg, Fe and B were the greatest in the treatment of 30 min. soaking of seed potatoes in 200 times diluted solution of 3% liquid chitosanm. The increased contents of these elements are considered to have caused yield increase as a result of increased chlorophyll content for photosynthesis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.39-51
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• 1969

The study involved determination of resistance levels of spider mites ta argano-phosphates using topical application and slide dip techniques; laboratory serening tests of alternative acaricides using an O/P resistant strain and a field trial of the screened materials. 1. Strains of Tetranychus were from Timaru(TR), Havelock Narth (HNR), Lincaln (LN). Germany (GR, GN). Comparisons of the resistant strains and normal strains at the LD50 and LC50 levels were as follows : (a) Using the topical application tochnique; with Parathian. resistant levels of the GR. TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were respeativuly, 1035. 484 and 452 times as resistant' as the LN strain. (b) Using the slide dip technique; with Phosdrin, resistant of GR, TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were 635, 274 and 266 times greater respeativuly, than the GN strain. 2. The laboratory sereaning tests were carried out far their contact plus stomach and residual effect to assess the toxicities of eleven alternative materials which would be used far control of O/P resistant strain of T. urticae. The acaricide groups represented were 3 organo-chlorines (Spidex, Kelthane and C 8514), 2 nitrophenyls (UC 19786 and Morocide), 2 cyclic carbonates(Eradex and Morestan). I carbamate (UC2004 7A), 1 mixture of carbamate and orano-chlorine and 2 other chemicals (C 8677 and M2527). From all acaricide tested. Kelthane and Morocide were the most effective, folowed by Spidex and M2527. Morestan, C8514. C8677 and RS 143 were intermediate, but Eradex, UC 19786 and UC 20046A were poor. 3, The number of sapmles required for estimation of the population in the field evaluation of acaricidal effects was one giving the highest practical precision. It was decided, after preliminary sampling trials. to use samples of 30 leaves per replicate which gave a $5.7\%$ standard error. 4. In the field trials, Morocide applied at the $0.05\%\;and\; 0.04\%$ a. i. conc. to black currant trees gave excellent control of O/P resistant population of T. urticae for about 12 days, but Morocide 0.025 and Kel thane $0.02\%$ a. i. cone. gave efficient control for about 6 days. In other words. first applications of Kel thane ane Moroeide gave very high degrees of control of O/P resistant population of the two-spotted spider mite. However, the results indicate that secondary application would sometimes be necessary. There was no foliage damage of black Currants and strawberries by either acaricides at the concentrations used. Acknowledgment ... The authors are grateful to: Dr. R. P. pottinger, Senior Lecturer in Agricultural Zoology. Lincoln college. New Zealand. for his helpful assistance in aiding with the organization of thd field work. Department of agriculture officers for mite colonies. Mr. D. A. Slade, Technical Advisor. Fruitgrowers' Federation (now at Massey University) for his assistance and provision of mites for testing. Mr T. McRae of Timaru for permission to use his crops for field tests. The following chemical companies and I or their New Zealand agents for so readily supplying samples of acarides; Ivan Watkins-Dow Limited. Fruitgrowers Chemical Company Limited. Henry H. York & company (New Zealand). Shell Oil (New Zealand) Limited.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.145-156
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate status survey on flower products with high sales by item and peak season. The survey was implemented for 103 people who are running flower shop and are members of association for Engineer Floral Design who are acquired Craftsman Floral Design and Engineer Floral Design. The result of this study, the peak season for the sale of flower product is showed May (52.0%) and February (24.3%). The reason for the selection was in May, month of family, teacher's day, etc. in February, personnel transfer and graduation ceremony. As a result of researching flower products with high sales volume by category, Cut flowers were ranked the first place of bouquet (51.5%%, 40.3%) and the second place of basket (28.8%, 37.5%) on annual and peak season. And also, Corsage, which was 6^th (1.8%) in the annual sales volume survey, increased to 3^rd (8.0%) during peak season. Pot plants were ranked 1st of foliage plant (50.6%, 51.3%) and 2nd tropical orchid·oriental orchids (27.4%, 28.3%) on annual and peak season. And also, Charcoal and bonsai, which were unresponsive in the annual sales survey, increased sales volume to 0.7% and 2.6%, respectively, during peak season. Processed flowers were highest ranked dry flower (45.3%, 39.5%), preserved flower (27.7%, 37.2%) on both non peak season and peak season. And then followed by artificial flower, pressed flower and collage.