• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.410-424
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• 2011

품질이 보다 우수한 토마토 홍합 통조림을 제조하기 위하여, 최적조미조건을 관능검사를 통하여 설정하였으며, 홍합을 자숙한 후 301-3호관에 충전 밀봉하여 $118^{\circ}C$ 에서 Fo값이 8-12분이 되도록 토마토 홍합통조림을 제조하여 각 살균 조건별 시료에 대하여 내용물의 이화학적 성질의 변화 및 관능적 변화를 조사하였으며, 아울러 Fo 값이 8분인 토마토 홍합을 90일간 저장하연서 저장 중 품질변화에 대하여 살펴보았다. 1. Fo값 8, 10, 12 인 토마토홍합 통조림을 제조하여 각 살균 조건별로 가열처리에 의한 토마토 홍합 통조림의 품질차이를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 즉, 살균조건별 pH의 변화는 거의 없었으며, VBN은 열처리 정도에 따라 상당량 증가하였다. 시료 홍합 통조림의 정미성분 중 유리아미노산은 Fo 값이 증가할수록 약간씩 증가하였다. 총아미노산과 유리아미노산의 주요 아미노산은 glutamic acid 및 aspartic acid 이었다. 엑스분 중의 주요 무기질 성분은 Na, K, P 및 Mg이었으며 Fo값이 증가할수록 상당량 감소하였다. 조직감 면에서는 고온에서의 열처리로 인한 조직의 변화보다는 가열 및 가압에 따든 수분의 유출로 인해 조직이 단단해지는 것으로 나타났다. 각 살균 조건별로 관능검사를 실시한 결과 색조, 냄새, 맛 및 조직감 등 시료간의 관능검사 점수가 차이가 나지 않았고, panel member 들이 관능적 차이를 구별하기 힘들다는 의견이 지배적이었다. 따라서 살균원가가 가장 저렴하고 상업적 살균 조건에도 만족되는 Fo 값 8분인 제품을 생산하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단되었다. 2. Fo 값 8분으로 제조한 토마토 홍합통조림의 저장 중 품질변화를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 즉, 수분 (78.7~79.9%), 조단백질 (14.9~15.6%), 조지방(2.3~2.6%) 및 조회분(2.1~2.3%) 함량은 저장기간에 따른 변화가 거의 없었다. 또한 휘발성 염기질소 함량도 10.9~11.7mg/100g 으로 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 명도(L값 32.3~37.5)의 경우 저장 중 차이는 거의 없었으나, 적색 (a값, 18.3~6.5) 및 황색도(b값, 18.0~17.0)의 경우 저장기간이 길어질수록 점차 감소하였다. 한편, 육 색깔의 갈변도(${\Delta}E$값, 66.6~64.2)는 저장기간에 따른 차이는 거의 없었다. 지질의 산화정도를 알 수 있는 TBA값은 제조 직후 0.099에서 저장 90일에 0.123으로 증가하였다. 저장 중 토마토 홍합 통조림의 아미노 질소의 함량은 미미하나마 증가하였다. 유리아미노산의 총량은 저장 90일이 920.1mg/100g 으로 가장 높았으며, 주요 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid, taurine asparagine glycine 등 이었다. 토마토 홍합의 무기이온성분은 Na 및 K가 가장 많았으며, 다음이 P, Mg 및 Ca의 순 이었다. 관능검사에서 색/ 냄새 및 조직감의 평가에서는 저장기간에 따른 차이가 거의 없었으나, 맛 및 종합평가에서는 90일 저장한 토마토 홍합 통조림이 그 값이 가장 높았다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2020

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof) 에 의한 딸기 시들음병은 국내 딸기재배에서 가장 중요한 병해 중 하나이다. 국내 발생하는 Fof의 특성을 분석하고자 시들음병균의 유전적 다양성, 병원성과 살균제 반응을 조사하였다. 분리균은 Fo080701를 제외한 모든 균주에서 Fof 특이적 primer에 증폭되었다. 분리균의 nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region과 EF-1α sequences 분석 결과 3개의 lineage를 형성하였다. 대부분의 분리균은 lineage 1에 속하였으며 lineage 3에 3개 균주와 lineage 2에 1개 균주가 포함되었다. 분리된 모든 균주는 설향품종에 병원성을 보였다. Prochloraz는 DNA lineage 2에 속하는 Fo080701균주를 제외하곤 시들음병균의 EC₅₀값이 0.02-0.1 ㎍/ml로 낮은 농도에서 효과적으로 균사 생장을 억제하였다. Metconazole의 EC₅₀값도 0.04-0.22 ㎍/ml로 prochloraz와 비슷한 억제 효과를 보였다. Pyraclostrobin의 EC₅₀값은 0.23-168.01 ㎍/ml로 균주에 따라 차이가 컸다. 딸기 재배포장에서 boscalid+fludioxonil, fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin, prochloraz manganese이 딸기 시들음병 방제에 효과적이었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data that could be used in the manufacture of two kinds of canned oyster Crassostrea gigas. The steamed oyster was prepared by shucking after boiling for 6 min at $105^{\circ}C$ and then washing and dewatering. The roasted oyster was prepared by baking steamed oyster at $140^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The manufacturing methods of canned seasoned boiled oyster and canned seasoned roasted oyster were as follows. The boiled or roasted oyster (50 g) was added to a can (RR-90) along with a mixture of seasoning sauce 40 and then seamed using a vacuum seamer under 20 cm Hg after pre-exhausting at $90^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The two kinds of canned oyster products produced under sterilization of Fo 12 min were tested for cultured bacteria, external appearance, proximate composition, pH, VBN (Volatile basic nitrogen), TBA (Thiobarbiuric aicd) value, amino-N, salinity, color value sensory evaluation, etc. Results showed that the canned seasoned roasted oyster had higher overall acceptability than the canned seasoned boiled oyster. The reason for this was judged to be that the process of roasting at $140^{\circ}C$ for 20 min influenced the sensory evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2024

Objective: To develop and evaluate a deep learning model for automated segmentation and detection of bone metastasis on spinal MRI. Materials and Methods: We included whole spine MRI scans of adult patients with bone metastasis: 662 MRI series from 302 patients (63.5 ± 11.5 years; male:female, 151:151) from three study centers obtained between January 2015 and August 2021 for training and internal testing (random split into 536 and 126 series, respectively) and 49 MRI series from 20 patients (65.9 ± 11.5 years; male:female, 11:9) from another center obtained between January 2018 and August 2020 for external testing. Three sagittal MRI sequences, including non-contrast T1-weighted image (T1), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Dixon fat-only image (FO), and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted image (CE), were used. Seven models trained using the 2D and 3D U-Nets were developed with different combinations (T1, FO, CE, T1 + FO, T1 + CE, FO + CE, and T1 + FO + CE). The segmentation performance was evaluated using Dice coefficient, pixel-wise recall, and pixel-wise precision. The detection performance was analyzed using per-lesion sensitivity and a free-response receiver operating characteristic curve. The performance of the model was compared with that of five radiologists using the external test set. Results: The 2D U-Net T1 + CE model exhibited superior segmentation performance in the external test compared to the other models, with a Dice coefficient of 0.699 and pixel-wise recall of 0.653. The T1 + CE model achieved per-lesion sensitivities of 0.828 (497/600) and 0.857 (150/175) for metastases in the internal and external tests, respectively. The radiologists demonstrated a mean per-lesion sensitivity of 0.746 and a mean per-lesion positive predictive value of 0.701 in the external test. Conclusion: The deep learning models proposed for automated segmentation and detection of bone metastases on spinal MRI demonstrated high diagnostic performance.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.255-261
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• 1999

To investigate the effects of strong acidic electrolytic water on the chloroplast, barley leaves were treated with strong acidic electrolytic water(pH 2.5). And to investigate the effects of weak acidic electrolytic water on the chloroplast development, etiolated barley leaves were treated with weak acidic electrolytic water(pH 6.5) during greening period. Chl contents, Fo, Fv, and Chl fluorescence quenching coefficient in barley leaves were measured during and after treatment of acidic electrolytic water. The following results were obtained. Chl a, b, and carotenoid were decreased with treatment of strong acidic electrolytic water. Chl contents were significantly decreased than that of the control after 5 min. These results provide evidence that the strong acidic electrolytic water dissimilate the Chl and so that the value of Fo was slightly increased. The strong acidic electrolytic water damaged PS II because Fo was increased and Fv, Fm, and Fv/Fm ratio were decreased. qP, qNP and qE were decreased. On the other hand qI was increased than that of the control. But Chl content and Chl fluorescence patterns were a little changed as the pH increase over 4.0 Chl a, b, and carotenoid were increased with treatment of weak acidic electrolytic water during greening period. Chl contents were significantly increased than that of control after 12 hours greening. These results provide evidence that the weak acidic electrolytic water accelerated the chlorophyll synthesis. And the weak acidic electrolytic water accelerated PS II development because Fv, Fm, qP and Fv/Fm ratio were increased than that of the control.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.781-792
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• 1997

This study was peformed to evaluate the dynamic fatigue characteristics of the dental ceramics for all-ceramic crown. A feldspathic porcelain of VMK68. glass ceramic of IPS-Empress, and glass infiltrated alumina ceramic of In-Ceram were used. Disc specimens were prepared to the final dimensions of 12 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness. The biaxial flexure test was conducted using a ball-on-three-ball method. 240 specimens were tested in $37^{\circ}C$ water by testing 20 samples at each of four loading rates:0.05, 0.2, 1, and 5mm/min. 60 specimens were tested in a moisture-free environment by testing 20 samples at 5mm/min. The inert strength of VMK68 was 80.25MPa, and the fatigue parameters were n=29.1, ${\sigma}_{fo}=52.90MPa$. The inert strength of IPS-Empress was 104.76MPa, and the fatigue parameters were n=32.46, ${\sigma}_{fo}=67.52MPa$. The inert strength of In-Ceram was 429.33MPa, and the fatigue parameters were n=31.46, ${\sigma}_{fo}=258.36MPa$. 10-year failure stresses of VMK68, IPS-Empress, and In-Ceram were 20.3MPa, 24.8MPa, and 93.6MPa, respectively. Failure strength and fatigue life showed the highest value in In-Ceram, and then, IPS-Empress and VMK68.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to investigate the Maillard reactions of some oligosaccharides with lysine and the antioxidative effects of the ethanol extracts from their reaction mixtures on the soybean oil. The Maillard reactions were carried out of 2% oligosaccharides such as palatinose (PN), fructooligosaccharide (FO), isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) with 2% lysine (L) for 24 hours heating at 60, 80, $100^{\circ}C$. The color intensity of Maillard reaction mixtures were determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometer upon reaction time and temperature. And the antioxidative effects on the soybean oil of each ethanol extract from Maillard reaction mixture of each oligosaccharide were measured by peroxide value (POV). POV's of soybean oil including reaction extracts were determined regularly every 2 days during 20 days storaged at $60{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The color intensity of the Maillard reaction mixtures were raised highly as the browning temperature and time increased. The color intensity of PN L browning mixture was the highest. The order of high color intensity at $100^{\circ}C$ was PN L>FO L>Glu L>IMO L. 2. Comparing the antioxidative effect of Maillard reaction product (at $100^{\circ}C$, for 12 hours) of each oligosaccharide to that of BHT and TBHQ, the order of high antioxidative effect was TBHQ>IMO L>BHT>Glu L>PN L>FO L. 3. From these results, it was known that PN L shown as high brown color intensity was appeared low antioxidative effect, while IMO L shown as low brown color intensity was appeared high antioxidative effect. So, it was recognized that there was no relation between brown color intensity and antioxidative effect.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

The roughness effects are very important due to the presence of interacting asperities in mixed lubrication regime. An average Reynolds equation using flow factors is useful to determine the effects of surface roughness on mixed lubrication. In this study, the effect of kurtosis on flow factors is investigated using random rough surfaces generated numerically, The results show that flow factors are very sensitive to h/$\sigma$ according to the value of kurtosis in the partial lubrication regime.

• 산업공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 1992

This paper deals with the development of setup planning for Automated FIXture planning system(AFIX) which selects setups, setup sequence and operation sequence in each setup according to the machining mode. In AFIX, part type considered is prismatic workpiece that use the 3-2-1 locating system as the general structure of the fixture. The heuristic algorithms selecting setup and setup sequence are based on DDR(Degree of Dimensional Relationship), AMV(Admissible Misalignment Value) and machining sterategy and feature attributes. A case example is given to illustrate the performance fo AFIX.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to provide an abstracted meta-model for executing Capabilities Portfolio Management (CPM) effectively based on DoDAF2.0. The purpose of developing an architecture is for beneficial use of it. A good set of architectural artifacts facilitates the manipulation and use of them in meeting its usage objectives well. Systems engineering methodologies evolve to accommodate or to deal with enterprise or SoS/FoS level problems. And DoD's Capabilities Portfolio Management (CPM) is a good example which demonstrates enterprise or SoS level problems. However, the complexity of the architecture framework makes it difficult to develop and use the architecture models and their associated artifacts. DoDAF states that it was established to guide the development of architectures and to satisfy the demands of a structured, repeatable method for evaluating alternatives which add value to decisions and management practices. One of the objectives of DoDAF2.0 is to define concepts and models usable in CPM which is one of DoD's six core processes. However, DoDAF and various guidelines state requirements for CPM rather than how to. This paper provides methodology for CPM which includes process and tailored meta-models based on DoDAF Meta Model (DM2).