• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2020

Objective: The goal of the present study was to investigate the rate of chromosomal aneuploidies in surplus embryos after sex determination at the cleavage stage. Then, the same chromosomal aneuploidies were evaluated in blastocysts after extended culture. Methods: Sixty-eight surplus embryos were biopsied at the cleavage stage and incubated for an additional 3 days to allow them to reach the blastocyst stage. The embryos were reanalyzed via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to examine eight chromosomes (13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y) in both cleavage-stage embryos and blastocysts. Results: Although the total abnormality rate was lower in blastocysts (32.35%) than in cleavage-stage embryos (45.58%), the difference was not significant (p=0.113). However, when we restricted the analysis to autosomal abnormalities, we observed a significant difference in the abnormality rate between the cleavage-stage embryos (44.11%) and the blastocysts (17.64%, p=0.008). A higher rate of sex chromosomal abnormalities was also observed in cleavage-stage embryos (29.4%) than in blastocysts (14.70%, p=0.038). Conclusion: The data indicated that embryo biopsy should be conducted at the blastocyst stage rather than the cleavage stage. The results also emphasized that examination of common chromosomal aneuploidies apart from sex selection cycles can be conducted in the blastocyst stage with the FISH method.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2017

Purpose: Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EOE) of the rectum is extremely rare: only three cases have been reported in the literature and none of these reports described their imaging findings in detail. Herein, we describe the tumor imaging and pathological features in detail. Materials and Methods: We report a case of rectal EOE in a 72-year-old female who received local excision and was provisionally diagnosed with a rectal submucosal spindle cell tumor. We used immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to characterize the tumor and provide a definitive diagnosis of EOE. Results: MRI revealed a well-demarcated submucosal tumor with heterogeneous enhancement and hemorrhagic foci in rectum. EOE was diagnosed by positive staining of tumor cells for CD99 and Fli-1 by immunohistochemistry and the presence of the EWSR1 gene translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Although the patient underwent radiation treatment and surgery, the tumor recurred after 4 months as revealed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: Rectal EOE may present as a rectal submucosal tumor. The understanding of imaging and histological characteristics of this tumor are critical for accurate diagnosis and appropriate aggressive treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1998

It was reported that the etiologies of recurrent spontaneous abortion are immunologic factors, endocrinologic problems, anatomical abnormalities, genetic abnormalities, infection, and unexplained factors. Among those etiologic factors, genetic abnormalities occur in about 5% of the couples who experience recurrent spontaneous abortions, and most common parental chromosomal abnormality contributing to recurrent abortion is balanced translocation. The advent of in vitro fertilization (IVF), the development of skills associated with the handling of human embryo, and an explosion of knowledge in molecular biology have opened the possibility of early diagnosis of genetic disease in preimplantation embryos. Therefore preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is indicated for couples, infertile or not, at risk of transmitting a genetic disease. A case of successful pregnancy and term delivery by PGD using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique in patient with recurrent spontaneous abortion due to balanced translocation is presented with brief review of literatures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.929-935
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• 2002

The 5-stage biological nutrient removal (BNR) process with step feed system showed a very stable organic carbon and nutrient removal efficiency ($87\%\;COD\,;79\%\;nitrogen,\;and\;87\%$ phosphorus) for an operation period of 2 years. In each stage at the pilot plant, microbial communities, which are important in removing nitrogen and phosphorus, were investigated using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and 165 rDNA characterization. All tanks of 5-stage sludge had a similar composition of bacterial communities. The totat cell numbers of each reactor were found to be around $2.36-2.83{\times}10^9$ cells/ml. About $56.5-62.0\%$ of total 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI) cells were hybridized to the bacterial-specific probe EUB388. Members of ${\beta}$-proteobacteria were the most abundant proteobacterial group, accounting for up to $20.6-26.7\%$. The high G+C Gram-positive bacterial group and Cytophaga-Flexibacter cluster counts were also found to be relatively high. The beta subclass proteobacteria did not accumulate a large amount of polyphosphate. The proportion of phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the total population of the sludge was almost $50\%$ in anoxic-1 tank. The high G+C Gram-positive bacteria and Cytophaga-Flexibacter cluster indicate a key role of denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms (dPAOs). Both groups might be correlated with some other subclass of proteobacteria for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this process.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.920-926
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• 2007

The upflow Biobead$^{(R)}$ process, one of biological aerated filters (BAF), which was used commercially, invented for removal of organic materials and nitrification. This process was modified to enhance the ability of denitrification through the induction of pre-anoxic tank. In this research, we investigated the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and backwashing period in aerobic tank. The characteristics of nitrifying bacteria, which are composed of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), also investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Even though the HRT was shortened, the efficiency of nitrification was not decreased when the organic loading rate and ammonium-nitrogen loading rate were $2.10kg/m^3/day$ and $0.25kg/m^3/day$, respectively. And then the distribution ratios of AOB and NOB showed the similar patterns. However, when the backwashing period was lengthened from 12 hours to 24 hours in aerobic 1 tank, the nitrification efficiency was decreased to 63.9% from 89.2%. The results of FISH explained that this decrease of nitrification efficiency was caused by the decrease of distribution ratio of AOB in aerobic 1 tank. The nitrification efficiencies of aerobic 1 and aerobic 2 tank were increased when the backwashing period was lengthened because of relative high distribution ratios of nitrifying bacteria.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2016

We report the prenatal diagnosis of an unbalanced translocation between chromosome Y and chromosome 15 in a female fetus. Cytogenetic analysis of parental chromosomes revealed that the mother had a normal 46,XX karyotype, whereas the father exhibited a 46,XY,der(15)t(Y;15) karyotype. We performed cytogenetic analysis of the father's family as a result of the father and confirmed the same karyotype in his mother and brother. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the breakpoint and demonstrated the absence of the SRY gene in female members. Thus, the proband inherited this translocation from the father and grandmother. This makes the prediction of the fetal phenotype possible through assessing the grandmother. Therefore, we suggest that conventional cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic methods, in combination with family history, provide informative results for prenatal diagnosis and prenatal genetic counseling.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2013

소규모 하수처리시스템에 다양한 반송비와 고정식 담체를 적용하여 합성폐수에서 질소, 인의 제거를 검토하였다. 담체를 첨가 시 질소의 제거율은 40.1%에서 65.1%로 증가하였으나 COD와 인의 제거에는 영향이 없었다(<5%). 반송을 통해 유량을 2배(2Q)로 증가시킨 경우 질소의 제거율은 7% 정도가 증가하였으나, 인 제거율은 반송비가 증가됨에 따라 31.8에서 26.6%로 감소하였다. 무산소조에서 담체에 부착된 미생물은 약 73.4 $mg/cm^2$로 존재하였으며, FISH분석 결과 탈질 미생물인 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 존재 (약 58%)를 확인하였다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2021

Genetic imbalances are a major cause of congenital and developmental abnormalities. We report the first case of a 3p26 microdeletion and 5q35.2q35.3 microduplication in a newborn with multiple congenital anomalies evaluated using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The patient was born at 30 weeks and 2 days of gestation with a body weight of 890 g. He had symmetric intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism, blepharophimosis, mild low-set ears, high-arched palate, and micrognathia), and right thumb polydactyly. Echocardiography revealed an atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. Furthermore, CMA revealed a concurrent microdeletion in 3p26 and a microduplication in 5q35.2q35.3. FISH analysis showed that these genetic changes resulted from a translocation mutation between chromosomes 3 and 5. The patient's mother had mild intellectual disability, short stature, and facial dysmorphism, while his father had a normal phenotype. However, parental FISH analysis revealed that the asymptomatic father carried a balanced translocation of chromosomes 3p26 and 5q35. CMA and FISH tests are useful for diagnosing neonates with multiple congenital abnormalities. Further parental genetic investigation and proper genetic counseling are necessary in cases of chromosomal abnormalities inherited from parental balanced translocations.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.402-407
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• 2003

개시호 (Bulpleurum longeradiatum)를 대상으로 상염 색법과 FISH기법을 통한 염색체 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 개시호의 체세포 염색체 수는 2n=12이었으며, centromeric index를 전중기 염색체를 이용한 핵형 분석에서 염색체 조성은 3쌍의 중부 염색체 (3번, 4번 및 6번)와 3쌍의 차중부 염색체 (1번, 2번 및 5번)로 구분되었다. 염색체의 길이는 $2.55{\sim}5.05\;{\mu}m$로, 전체 길이는 $18.15\;{\mu}m$로 나타났다. 5S 와 45S rDNA를 탐침으로 FISH를 수행한 결과 4번 염색체의 동원체 부위 에서 한 쌍의 5S rDNA signal이 확인되었고, 2번 염색체의 부수체에서 한 쌍의 45S rDNA signal이 관찰되었다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.13-15
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• 2004

Telomere는 진핵세포염색체 말단부에 TTAGGG 반복 염기서열을 가지는 DNA-protein 복합체로 세포 분열시마다 짧아지며, 발생 및 노화와 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 닭에 있어 telomere의 양적 분포양상을 구명함으로써 이를 이용한 개체의 생명표지 (bio-marker)의 가능성을 탐색코자 하였다. 본 분석에 이용된 계종으로는 한국재래계와 단관 백색화이트 레그혼종을 대상으로 하였고, 주령간, 품종간 및 성간 백혈구내 telomere 함량을 비교 분석하였으며, 또한 분석개체들의 생산능력과 이들의 telomere 함유율 간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. Telomere의 양적 분석은 chicken telomeric DNA probe를 이용한 양적 형광접합보인법(Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization : Q-FISH)을 이용하였다. Telomere 양적 분석결과. 주령이 증가함에 따라 telomere 함량이 유의적으로 감소됨을 확인하였고, 품종간 및 성간에도 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 또한 생산능력과 각 개체의 telomere 함량간의 상관분석에 있어 성성숙 일령 및 체중과는 정(+)의 상관을, 산란수 및 난중과는 약한 부(-)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 telomere 함유율이 닭의 생명표지 및 생산능력의 표지로서의 개발 가능성을 시사한다 하겠다.