• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics and storage of noodle with added flowering cherry fruit powder. Wet noodles were prepared at concentration of 1, 2, and 3% (w/w) of the fruit based on flour weight. Moisture content of the noodles with or without flowering cherry fruit powder was 33.09~33.50%. Ca, K and Mg contents of flowering cherry fruit noodle were increasing at increasing concentrations of flowering cherry fruit powder. Cooked weight, volume, and water absorption decreased with increased fruit powder, whereas turbidity increased. For Hunter's color values of noodles, L (lightness) and b (yellowness) values decreased with increasing concentration of flowering cherry fruit powder, whereas a (redness) value increased. For mechanical characteristics of the noodles, adhesiveness of cooked noodle with flowering cherry fruit powder were higher than those of control. The pH of flowering cherry fruit noodle was lower than that of control during storage. Bacterial counts of wet noodle with flowering cherry fruit powders were lower than those of the control on the 10th day of storage at $5^{\circ}C$. From the sensory evaluation of 20's, texture, taste, and overall preference were not significantly different between the control and the fruit groups, but the color scores of 2% and 3% flowering cherry fruit noodle were significantly higher than that of 1% fruit noodle (p<0.05). In 40's sensory evaluation, color and overall preference scores of flowering cherry fruit noodle were significantly higher than those of control. In conclusion, the results of this study were suggested that the addition of flowering cherry fruit powder in combination with flour was tended to improve antimicrobial effects during storage when compared to control.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1982

To clarify the morphological characteristics of Korean ginseng cultivated, the shapes and frequencies of Inflorescence, flowering bud, fruit, and leaf were investigated. The shapes of inflorescence, flowering bud and fruit, and leaf were divided into 6, 3, and 7 groups, respectively. The frequencies of these shapes were not significantly different according to the planting positions.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2011

In case of using rapid vacuum-freeze drying for high quality dry flower of flowering plant, the morphological and physiological characteristics of dry rose showed as the following. The dry ratio of about 82% presented after 1 day in case of using rapid vacuum-freeze drying and it was reached that the optimum storage water content of general dry products was 18%. The dry ratio of about 89% presented after 4 days. This result indicates very short dry time comparing with natural dry time of 12 days. Also, the morphological characteristics of flowering plant in case of vacuum-freeze drying showed similar shape with real flower. The contraction decreased about 9% comparing with real flower under dry time of 72 hours. But the contraction in case of natural dry decreased 36% and showed noticeable difference. The brightness which affects physiological characteristics of dry flowering plant showed lower values according to the dry process and chromaticity was thick. After 4 days, natural dry was thick with about 2 times comparing with vacuum-freeze drying. In case of vacuum-freeze drying, the quantity of anthocyanin and chlorophyl which affect discoloration and bleaching of dry flowering plant showed the clear difference comparing with natural dry method due to the sublimation by vacuum after rapid freeze with short initial time.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2020

북한 콩 22 품종의 개화기 특성을 평가하기 위하여 2017년부터 2019년 3년간 고려대학교 실험농장에서 5월 31일, 6월 19일, 6월 30일, 7월 3일, 7월 4일의 파종기에 따른 개화기와 개화일수를 조사하였고, 이를 이용하여 개화기 군을 분류하여 개화기 반응을 분석하였다. 1. 5월 31일 파종한 한국 조생종인 '연풍콩'의 개화기는 7월 18일, 개화일수 48일 보였으며, 중만생종 '대원콩'은 7월 30일의 60일이었다. 2. 5월 31일 파종기에서 개화기가 '연풍콩'보다 빠른 북한 품종의 개화기는 7월 2일~15일로 분포하였으며, 'Brekkhat'을 포함한 8개 조생종 품종이 분류되었다. 3. 5월 31일 파종기에서 '대원콩'과 비슷하거나 늦은 북한 품종의 개화기는 7월 24일~30일로 분포되었으며, 'Chang Dan Bac Mok'을 포함한 12품종을 중·만생종 품종으로 분류하였다. 4. 콩 품종의 개화기 조만성은 년차 간 또는 파종기 간 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 품종의 개화기 군 분류에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 5. 한국 조생종 '연풍콩'과 중만생종 '대원콩'의 개화기를 기준으로 북한 콩 품종의 개화기를 6개 군으로 분류하였다. 6. 북한 중·만생종 콩 품종은 모두 '감광성 중·만생종'으로 분석되었으며, 조생종 품종의 경우, '감온성 조생종'과 '감광성 조생종'의 2 형태로 분류되었음을 제시하였다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

본 연구는 밤나무 품종개량을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 남부지방에서 재배되고 있는 31품종의 개엽 및 개화특성을 조사하였다. 개엽시기는 품종 간에 약간의 차이가 있었으며, 2008년과 2009년에 비해 2010년에 늦게 개엽되었다. 개엽 1단계부터 4단계까지 소요되는 기간은 2008년과 2009년은 약 8일 정도였지만, 2010년에는 약 14일 정도가 소요되었다. 개화특성에 있어서 2008년과 2009년의 경우, 암꽃의 개화개시와 개화완료는 각각 5월 초순과 6월 초순이었으나 2010년에는 늦은 개화개시와 개화완료를 나타내었다. 개화특성에 있어서는 수꽃도 암꽃과 동일한 경향이었으나, 개화개시는 수꽃이 암꽃보다 20일 정도 빠르게 나타났다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 1994

The experiment was carried out to study the bothanical characteristics of Aconitum charmichaeli Sieb. et Zucc in Korea.The results obtained are summarized as follows ; maximum flowering date was 15 Sep. and plantheight was 65cm, stem diameter was 8.7mm, No. of node was 25 and node of flowering initiation was15th.In flowering, No. of anothers were 52 and No. of flowers were 49.In leaf, length and width was same size, lower leaf size was 2-3 times than upper leaf, lower leafarea was 8.4 times than upper leaf.In tuber, No. of tuber per plant was 8, fresh weight per tuber was 25.4g, total fresh weight per plantwas about 200g.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.1340-1345
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• 2010

기능성 소재로서의 버찌 분말의 이용가능성을 알아보기 위해 버찌 분말을 0, 1, 3 및 5% 첨가한 식빵을 제조하여 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 반죽 및 식빵의 pH는 버찌분말 첨가에 의해 감소하였으나, 무게는 증가하였다. 식빵의 부피, 비용적, 굽기 손실률은 버찌분말 첨가에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 발효팽창력 또한 버찌분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 식빵의 색도 측정 결과는 L(lightness)값과 b(yellowness)값에서 crust와 crumb 모두 버찌 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였고, a(redness)값은 crust, crumb 모두 버찌 분말을 첨가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 버찌 분말 첨가 식빵의 견고성, 씹힘성은 버찌 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 응집성은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 탄력성은 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 항산화 활성은 버찌분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 항산화 활성이 증가하였다. 식빵의 관능검사 결과 버찌 분말 첨가는 색, 냄새, 맛, 질감 및 전체적인 기호도를 향상시키는 긍정적인 영향을 미치나 5% 이상의 너무 많은 버찌 분말 첨가는 관능적인 기호도를 오히려 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타났으며, 버찌 분말 3% 첨가군의 선호도가 가장 좋아 식빵의 품질 및 관능 특성, 기능성을 고려한 버찌 분말 첨가량은 3% 첨가군이 최적 조건일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

유채의 경관효과를 높이기 위해 국내 육성 및 국외 도입 유채 8품종을 봄철에 파종시기를 달리하여 파종하고 품종, 파종시기 및 재배지역에 따른 생육 및 개화특성을 구명하여 봄 파종에 적합한 유채품종 및 파종시기를 구명한 결과, 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 유묘 출현소요일수는 짧아졌고, 초장 및 착화수는 감소하였으며 분지수는 증가하였다. 무안과 제주 포장 모두에서 파종일이 늦어짐에 따라 개화시는 지연되었고 개화지속일은 감소하였다. 개화소요일수는 파종이 늦어짐에 따라 단축되었는데, 3월 1일 파종 시 73~94일이 소요되었으며, 3월 31일 파종 시 57~71일로 짧아졌다. 조생종인 '탐미유채'와 '목포 111호'가 만생종인 '탐라유채'와 '내한유채'보다 모든 파종시기에서 10일 정도 빠르게 개화하였다. 개화지속기간도 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 5~14일 정도 단축되었다. 경관용 유채 봄 파종 시 파종시기가 빠를수록 개화특성이 향상되었고, 국내육성 품종으로는 조기개화종인 '탐미유채'와 독일도입종인 '봄유채'가 봄 파종에 적합한 품종으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2006

Ecological correlates of flowering times often are examined to infer evolutionary mechanisms for flowering time diversities. We examined ecological characteristic associations such as growth habits and pollination modes with flowering times among 3,037 Korean angiosperms experiencing strong climatic seasonalities. We first examined taxonomic membership effects on flowering times across diverse taxonomic levels. Phylogeny constrained flowering times at all levels down to the genus level. We then analyzed the effects of ecological characteristics using subset data consisting of species randomly selected from each genus to control phylogenetic effects. The commonly observed patterns of early flowering of woody species in temperate regions existed. Spring flowering shrubs and trees, however, both being woody, were involved with biotic and abiotic vectors, respectively. In two herbaceous groups of annuals and perennials, annuals flowered later in the growing season than perennials although both herbs tended to be associated with abiotic vectors when flowering in autumn. These results support our hypothesis that species able to decouple vegetative and reproductive growth flower in spring's dry season, but species with different habits, even when they flower within the same season, are subjected to different selective pressures for efficient pollination.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2018

Background: Duodichogamy is the rarest form of dichogamy in angiosperms, which is characterized by flowering in the sequence of male${\rightarrow}$female${\rightarrow}$male. Disentangling factors promoting duodichogamy require the discovery of more duodichogamous species in angiosperms. However, extremely limited information on duodichogamous species makes it difficult to make general conclusions. Given the inflorescence morphology and flowering characteristics, the Meliaceae family is highly likely to contain duodichogamous species. Methods: We selected 48 individuals from 20 populations in Korea and investigated their flower morphology, arrangement of flowers by sexual condition within inflorescences, and flowering phases and duration of male and female flowers of Toona sinensis (Meliaceae) for 5 years (2011-2015) to determine if the species shows duodichogamous flowering. Results: Toona sinensis belonging to Meliaceae possessed functionally unisexual flowers with rudimentary parts of the opposite sex. The floral organs in male were larger than those in female, except for ovary length and width. In dichasium, male flowers were observed on primary or lateral branches, whereas female flowers were borne only on lateral branches. Overall, individuals from six different populations flowered in the male${\rightarrow}$female${\rightarrow}$male sequence, thereby male is blooming far longer than female flowers at the level of individual trees (male vs. female = 17-20 days vs. 2-4 days). Conclusions: This is the first study to report a duodichogamously flowering species, T. sinensis, within Meliaceae. Several flowering characteristics observed from T. sinensis may be important clues used to discover additional duodichogamous Meliaceae species. Short flowering period and relatively small number of female flowers, which is analogous to reduced ovule numbers observed in other duodichogamous species, may intensify male-male competition in T. sinensis. This study contributed to narrowing down potential candidates of duodichogamy based on their geographic distributions and flowering time.