• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2022

A study was conducted to significantly increase the heat transfer area by simultaneously burying the excel pipe in the floor and wall of a container house, thereby greatly reducing the initial heating time. In addition, a small hot water boiler suitable for the heating load of a small container house with a maximum area of 6 m² was studied. A wall-mounted hot water boiler was developed as a result of the study. When a hot water boiler is installed outdoors for heating, heat radiation energy is lost in winter from the hot water boiler and hot water pipe due to the low temperature. We propose an approach through which the energy loss was greatly reduced and the temperature of hot water increased in proportion to the operating time. Moreover, as the mass flow rate of the hot water flowing inside the excel pipe increased, the temperature of the hot water decreased. The temperature of the wall and floor surfaces of the container house increased in proportion to the increase in the mass flow rate of hot water flowing inside the excel tube. Natural convection heat transfer was realized from the wall and floor surfaces of the container house, and the heat transfer area was increased by a factor of 3 with respect to heat transfer area limited to the floor by the existing hot water panel. As a result, the initial temperature increase rate was much higher because of the larger heat transfer area.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.61-73
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• 2012

This study applied the value of floor-area-ratio standard calculation method to case areas and analyzed them to overcome the limits of previous studies in calculation methods for area standards and land price (value) standard development rights. The results are presented as follows: First, criteria to select sending areas and receiving areas are needed. Second, calculation methods based on the value of floor-area-ratio standard can be widely used as standardized criteria in various areas. Third, for the connection of sending areas with receiving areas, the connections of 1:1, n:1, 1:n, and n:n are available and the location of possible dealing areas should be considered. Also, the choice of connecting unions that meet the purpose of TDR presented by local governments is available. Fourth, for Gwangju, as receiving areas downtown provide higher profits than previous renewal projects, the application of TDR is available. Application methods to overcome problems are presented as follows: First, criteria to select sending and receiving areas should be prepared and implemented in an order of priority. Second, in calculating development rights, methods based on the value of floor-area-ratio standard should be used. Third, the standards and principles of sending and receiving areas should be designated and possible dealing areas should not be limited.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

In this study, the energy consumption of the typical floor was compared by the total energy comsumption of the building in highrise building. In gerneral, many researchers are studying on the typical floor in highrise buildings for avoiding complexity in energy simulation. But few papers are studied on energy consumption along the floors. In the model bulding, the energy consumption data were acquired by BEMS system in 2011. According the data, the total net energy consumption was $193.99kWh/m^2$ for all area and the total net energy consumption was $247.61kWh/m^2$ for HVACR area. The total electricity and gas energy are used 47.7% for heating and cooling, 33.5% for lighting and plug, 12.9% for conveyance power and 5.9% for restaurant. In comparison of only ground floor, amount of energy consumption in the lobby is 10%, and 90% of total energy consumption is used in the typical floor. For this result, energy simulation on the typical floor is acceptable for calculating the total energy consumption in the highrise building.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.155-161
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• 2008

In Seowon architecture, there are four kinds of space conditions according to the site plan and the figure of education area. The education area has three main buildings such as Kangdang, Dongjae, Seojae. In case Kangdan locates in front of Dongjae and Seojae(so called Junkangdang-Hoojaesa), but in another case Dongjae and Seojae locates in front of Kangdang(so called Junjaesa-Hookangdang). This four space conditions affect to decide the floor plan and the window & door system of Kangdang. In Junjaesa-Hookangdang type, the front and rear wall has more open system than in Junkangdang-Hoojaesa type. In Junjaesa-Hookangdang type the direction of Kangdang is absolutely open to front education area, but in Junkangdang-Hoojaesa type the direction of Kangdang is absolutely open to rear education area. These floor plan aims at making up education area more closely. In window & door system the rear parts of Junjaesa-Hookangdang type have generally opaque system such as Golpanmoon or Panjangmoon, but Junkangdang-Hoojaesa type breaks this rule in order to emphasize front facade of building.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

This paper considered 1) the relation between the number of student and the floor area of the school building facility, 2) the situation and the distribution of the school building facilities area, 3) the position between the district office of education by the school building facilities composition. Data were collected from 529 elementary school in seoul. 1) The number of student is have not an influence on the floor area of the school building facility in the middle school. 2) The floor area of the school building facilities per 1 student of the jungbu district office of education is larger than other the district office of education and distribution of area is wide. 3) As the position between the district office of education by the school building facilities composition is considered by principal component analysis, the maintenance of the need space is late in the gangdong gangseo district office of education, maintenance of support space is late in the gangdong dongbu district office of education, the maintenance of management space is late in the seobu bukbu district office of education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to clarify the floor temperature on the human body and to estimate thermal comfort zone in a heated room. In order to evaluate the effects of floor heating, a series of experiments were carried out using Korean subjects. The following experiments were conducted: 1) to obtain the effective radiation area and configuration factors of the person in the sitting posture on a floor to get the mean radiant temperature, 2) to measure contacted area of the person to the floor to calculate conduction heat rate, 3) to measure convective heat transfer coefficient of the body and 4) to know the thermal comfort zone of indoor environment heated by ON-DOL. Subjects were exposed to the following conditions: combinations of air temperature $20^{\circ}C$, $22.5^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and floor temperature $20^{\circ}C$, $22.5^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $27.5^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $32.5^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $37.5^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$ under still air and 50% relative humidity in the controllable artificial climate chamber. To evaluate the effect of heat conduction between the body and a floor modified mean skin temperature was defined. Weighting coefficient to calculate mean skin temperature were modified with the contacted area. The experiments revealed a positive correlation between the modified operative temperature and the modified mean skin temperature. The modified mean skin temperature can indicate the effect of heat conduction between body and a floor surface.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to suggest an analysis model finding the relationship between building scale characteristics of Public-use facilities and infectious disease outbreaks around senior leisure welfare facilities and the features and their scopes where quarantine resources are to be concentrated. Methods: Reviewing previous studies found the user characteristics of senior leisure welfare facilities and scale characteristics of urban architectures. The data preprocessing was performed after collecting building data and infectious disease outbreak data in the analysis area. This study derived data for attributes of building size and frequency of infectious disease outbreaks in Public-use facilities around senior leisure welfare facilities. A computing algorithm was implemented to analyze the correlation between the building size characteristics and the infectious disease outbreak frequency as per the change of the spatial scope. Results: The results of this study are as follows: First, the suggested model was to analyze the correlation between the infection frequency and the number of senior leisure welfare facilities, the number of Public-use facilities, building area, total floor area, site area, height, building-to-land ratio, and floor area ratio varied as per the change of spatial scope. Second, correlation results varied between the infection frequency and the number of senior leisure welfare facilities, the number of Public-use facilities, building area, total floor area, site area, height, building-to-land ratio, and floor area ratio. Third, a negative correlation appeared in the analysis between the number of senior leisure welfare facilities and infection frequency. And positive correlations appeared noticeably in the study between the number of Public-use facilities, building area, total floor area, height, building-to-land ratio, and floor area ratio. Implications: This study can be used as primary data on the utilization of limited quarantine resources by analyzing the relationship between the Public-use facilities around the senior leisure welfare facilities and the spread of infectious diseases. In addition, it suggests that infectious disease prevention measures are necessary considering the spatial scope of the analysis area and the size of buildings.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

The fuel cell system is environment-friendly and energy efficient system. Especially, the fuel cell cogeneration systems providing heat and electricity to buildings have been developed and applied to a lot of sites in the world to cope with the global warming and $CO_2$ emission problem. This paper presents the result of study on the economic evaluation with super-micro fuel cell (SMFC) cogeneration system by varying the floor area ($132m^2{\sim}331m^2$) of the house, whose system capacity ranges from 0.10 kWe to 0.50 kWe. The electricity demand, heat demand, saved energy cost, and the simple pay-back period have been simulated for the various capacities of fuel cell cogeneration system. As a result, this study suggests the fuel cell system’s capacity decision strategy for a given house area. Contrary to conventional design assumptions, the smaller capacity fuel cell cogeneration system is appropriate for the house of large floor area to defense the progressive electricity tax, and the larger capacity fuel cell cogeneration system is appropriate for the house of small floor area to sell the electricity.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2008

The fuel cell system is environment-friendly and energy efficient system. Especially, the fuel cell cogeneration systems providing heat and electricity to buildings have been developed and applied to a lot of sites in the world to cope with the global warming and $CO_2$ emission problem. This paper presents the result of study on the economic evaluation with super-micro fuel cell (SMFC) cogeneration system by varying the floor area ($132m^2{\sim}331m^2$) of the house, whose system capacity ranges from 0.10 kWe to 0.50 kWe. The electricity demand, heat demand, saved energy cost, and the simple pay-back period have been simulated for the various capacities of fuel cell cogeneration system. As a result, this study suggests the fuel cell system's capacity decision strategy for a given house area. Contrary to conventional design assumptions, the smaller capacity fuel cell cogeneration system is appropriate for the house of large floor area to defense the progressive electricity tax, and the larger capacity fuel cell cogeneration system is appropriate for the house of small floor area to sell the electricity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide a practical guide for optimum residential and useful architectural condition in a regional area. The data has been collected through survey from exist Housing of a Go-sung Gun Toa-Sung Mun area. Those 21 Housing samples are collected, and are analyzed by standard Architectural codes, country Architectural codes and regulations This study has been processed in analysis of the unit planning and codes condition of each housings, and situation analysis through the practical investing. As a results of this study, the Housing floor plan in rural area should reflect user's needs and functional unit plan. Especially, the unit planning have a good residental environments. An instance, laundry and balcony space. These result will become basic data for the future architectural design in the Housing floor plan in rural area.