• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.181-194
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• 1995

여러가지 다양한 상수처리 실험조건에서 응집제로 Ferric Nitrate를 사용하여 수증의 카오린 점토입자를 응결하는 과정중의 응집동력학을 조사하기 위하여 본 영구는 수행되었다. 응집동력학을 측정하기 위한 방법으로서 AIA 시스템으로 부터 없어진 입자크기분포와 Rlowing suspension에서의 PDA에 의한 탁도증가 정도의 측정이 사용되었다. 결론으로서, 저온에서의 응집은 그 효율이 상당히 저하 되는것으로 발견 되었으며 저온에서의 응집을 향상시키기 위아여 수중의 pH보다는 pOH를 일정하게 유지하는 것이 부분적으로 응집효율향상에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.367-377
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• 1995

상수처리시 응집동역학에 관한 연구를 수행하기 위하여 $FE(NO_3)$$_3.9H_2O$을 응집제로 사용하여 Kaolin현탁액을 응집시키는 실험을 행하였다. 응집 동력학은 응집과정중 입자크기의 증가 을 측정하는 것으로서 응집의 mechanism에 대한 이해와 응집시 사용되는 최적 응집제의 량과 종류 그리고 최적 pH를 선정하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 기본적 응집동력학에 대한 연구를 토대로 수중의 황산이온이 응집동력학에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 각 실험조건들은 일련의 Jar Tests를 통하여 선정되었으며 상수처리시 제기될 수 있는 광범위한 탁도와 pH를 포함하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 응집 동력학을 측정하기 위하여 '자동영상분석계(AIA)' 를 이용하여 응집과정중의 입자와 크기분포와 '관상란분석계(PDA)' 를 이용한 응집과정중의 탁도변화에 관한 자료를 상호 비교하였다. 본 실험에서 도출된 결과에 의하면, Kaolin현탁물에 가해진 $10^{-3}M$의 황산이온은 응집과정에 상당히 큰 영향을 초래하였으며 응집된 입자표면의 전위(zeta potential)변하ㅗ에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 응집과정에 가해진 황산이온은 약산성($\le$ pH 6.8)에서의 응집과정을 크게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 응집 동력학의 효율증진은 황산이온이 첨가됨으로 인하여 FE(III)침전물 형성율의 촉진에 기인한 수중입자의 충돌빈도의 증가에 의한 것으로 규명 되어졌다규명 되어졌다

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2024

This study employed field measurements and biogeochemical analysis to examine the effects of seasonal conditions (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and human intervention (e.g., dam or weir construction) on the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter, flocculation kinetics of suspended particulate matter, and formation of the fluid mud layer on riverbeds. The results indicated that a water environment with a substantial amount of biopolymers offered favorable conditions for flocculation kinetics during an algal bloom period in summer; a thick fluid mud layer was found to be predominated with cohesive materials during this period. However, after high rainfall, a substantial influx of terrigenous humic substances led to enhanced stabilization of the particulate matter, thereby decreasing flocculation and deposition, and the reduced biopolymer composition served to weaken the erosion resistance of the fluid mud on the riverbed. Moreover, a high-turbulence condition disaggregated the flocs and the fluid mud layer and resuspended the suspended particulate matter in the water column. This study demonstrates the mutual relationship that exists between biogeochemistry, flocculation kinetics, and the formation of the fluid mud layer on the riverine area during different seasons and under varying hydrological conditions. These findings are expected to eventually help inform the more optimal management of water resources, which is an urgent task in the face of anthropogenic stressors and climate change.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

Flocculation is a widely used phase separation technique in industrial unit processes and is typically observed in many natural flow systems. Advances in colloidal chemistry over the past decades has vastly improved our understanding of this phenomenon. However, in many practical applications, process engineering still lags developments in colloidal science thereby creating a gap in knowledge. While significant progress has been made in environmental process engineering research over the past decades, there is still a need to align these two inter-dependent fields of research more closely. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the flocculation mechanism from empirical and theoretical perspective, discuss its practical applications, and examines the need and direction of future research.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 1991

Yeast fermentation at $40^{\circ}C$ was conducted for microbial protein production and COD reduction in three different sugar beet stiIlages by a thermo- and acid-tolerant yeast Candida rugosa isolated from East Africa. The assimilation proceedings of some main components such as protein, carbohydrate, total titrable acids and glycerol in stillages were observed with growth kinetics of the yeast. Most of glycerol and organic acids were rapidly assimilated at the beginning of the fermentation. Protein assimilation was slowly accelerated with the proceeding of fermentation time and its assimilation rate reached only 14.2%-28.4%. Though Candida rugosa was a flocculent yeast, the flocculation characteristics of the yeasts grown in three stillages were different from each other.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC
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• pp.109-114
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• 1999

The deposition kinetics of fines on fibres was studied to elucidate the flocculation mechanism of a PAM/bentonite retention aid. It is shown that polymer-induced co-flocculation is not permanent. This phenomenon is attributed to a stabilising effect of polymer transfer between surfaces. The resulting polymer layers have a reduced bridging ability with naked surfaces. The addition of bentonite increases the bond strength between fibres and fines, and links non-briding layers. These results explain the positive influence of bentonite on fines retention.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.65-77
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• 1995

The kinetics of flocculation of heterodisperse suspension like those in water treatment plants and natural water system are usually described by the Smoluchowski equation, which incorporates collision frequency functions for particle collisions by Brownian motion, fluid shear, and differential sedimentation. These collisionfrequeney functions have been based on a rectilinear view of collisions, i.e., one that ignores short-range forces and changes in fluid motion as particles approach one another. In this research, a curvilinear approach, i.e., one that accounts for hydrodynamic forces and particle interaction in the collision of two different size particles is developed. Collision efficiency factors of each mechanism can be calculated by trajectory analysis (fluid shear and differential sedimentation) or the solution of diffusion equation (Brownian motion). The results are presented as a set of corrections to the rectilinear collision frequency functions for each mechanism.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.229-243
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• 2013

Coagulation-flocculation (CF) was tested coupled with an aerobic biofilter to reduce total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs) concentration and toxicity from petrochemical wastewater. The efficiency of the process was followed using turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The biofilter was packed with a basaltic waste (tezontle) and inoculated with a bacterial consortium. Toxicity test were carried out using Lactuca sativa var. capitata seeds. Best results for turbidity removal were obtained using alum. Considerable turbidity removal was obtained when using Opuntia spp. COD removal with alum was 25%, for Opuntia powder it was 36%. The application of the biofilter allowed the removal of 70% of the remaining TPHs after 30 days with a biodegradation rate (BDR) value 47 $mgL^{-1}d^{-1}$. COD removal was slightly higher with BDR value 63 $mgL^{-1}d^{-1}$. TPH kinetics allowed a degradation rate constant equal to $4.05{\times}10^{-2}d^{-1}$. COD removal showed similar trend with $k=4.23{\times}10^{-2}d^{-1}$. Toxicity reduction was also successfully achieved by the combined treatment process.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 하이드로사이클론, 응결/응집, 용존공기부상 단일 공정이 결합한 실 규모 물순환 조합공정(HCFD)의 오염 지표수 처리 성능을 평가하였다. 실 규모 물순환 공정은 수질 변동이 큰 유입 원수를 대상으로 안정적인 수처리 효율을 보였으며, 유입수의 주요 수질 지표가 매우 나쁨(BOD, TP, COD) 혹은 약간 나쁨(SS)이었으나, 방류수는 매우 좋음(BOD, SS, TP) 혹은 좋음(COD) 수준으로 향상되었다. 물순환 시스템 방류수의 후속 고도 처리를 위해 활성탄 기반 흡착 공정의 용존성 유기물 및 미량오염물질(잔류의약물질 APAP 및 산업 화학물질 AO7) 처리 잠재성을 평가하였다. 오염원 흡착 특성은 흡착동역학 및 등온 흡착실험과 관련된 모델링 기법을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 후처리 활성탄 흡착은 잔류 유기물, APAP, AO7 유기물에 대한 높은 오염원 제거 잠재성이 있음이 확인되었으며, 오염원 흡착속도 및 최대 흡착량 값은 유사 2차 반응속도 모델과 Langmuir 등온흡착 모델에 의해 결정되었다. 본 연구 결과, 활성탄 기반 흡착 공정은 기존의 물순환 조합공정과 연계시 수처리 효율을 상호 보완적으로 높이고, 흡착 공정은 전단의 입자 분리 공정으로 제거가 어려운 용존성 오염원의 후속 처리에 대한 높은 잠재성이 있음을 시사한다.