• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of electron beam irradiation (EB) and onion peel extracts and selected flavorings on microbiological and sensory quality of pork jerky. Total aerobic bacteria were detected in the range of $3.87{\pm}0.30{\sim}4.60{\pm}0.12$ log CFU/g in all samples. Addition of both onion peel extract and flavoring showed the decrease of total aerobic bacterial count in pork jerky. No viable cells were observed after EB at 4 kGy. Sensory evaluation indicated that the EB-treated pork jerky with 0.5% barbecue flavoring did not show any difference in overall acceptability compared with the control. Therefore, combined use of EB with onion peel extracts and barbecue flavoring may enhance the safety of pork jerky with proper sensory quality.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.911-915
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• 2002

닭발에서 추출한 젤라틴을 이용하여 후식용 gel을 제조하기 위한 향신료 수준을 결정하기 위하여 설탕, 구연산 및 딸기향의 수준을 달리하여 gel을 제조하고 소비자기호도검사를 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전체적 기호도, 단맛, 신맛, 및 향의 기호도 모두 향신료에 의한 선형효과 및 순수 2차 효과가 나타나 향신료의 일정수준까지는 모든 항목의 기호도가 증가하다가 그 이후에는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과를 고려하여 후식용 젤라틴 gel 제조를 위한 최적 배합비를 설탕 19%, 구연산 0.50%, 딸기향 0.35%로 결정하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1974

Ascorbic acid수용액에 조미료 및 향신료를 단독독 또는 배합 첨가(添加)하였을 때의 ascorbic acid의 함량(含量)을 2,4 Dnitrophenylhydrazine method에 의하여 정량(定量)하였다. 조미료 및 향신료를 단독으로 ascorbic acid 수용액에 첨가(添加)하였을 때의 total ascorbic acid의 잔재율(殘存率)은 식초, 설탕, 소금, 미원, 파, 마늘, 깨, 엿, 간장, 고추, 고추장, 후추, 생강, 계피등이 ascorbic acid단독만의 수용액보다 높은치(値)를 나타냈으며 실백, 참기름, 된장의 첨가(添加)는 적은치(値)를 나타냈다. 또한 ascorbic acid의 자동산화율(自動酸化率)은 회향, 계피, 생강, 후추, 된장, 실백, 카레등이 가장 높은치(値)를 나타냈으며 마늘, 참기름, 미원, 설탕, 꿀, 소금, 새우젓, 고추장, 간장등이 대체적으로 얕은치(値)를 나타냈다. 또한 배합(配合)조미료에 있어서는 모두 ascorbic acid의 함량(含量)은 높은치(値)를 나타냈으며 콩나물, 무나물, 무침등 가장 빈용되는 조미료 배합(配合)인 No. 8,9,10이 높은 치(値)를 나타냈으며 겨자채의 조미료배합이 제일 적은치(値)를 나타냈다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2000

천연보존제인 참나무 목초액을 항균제 및 주방기구 세척시 소독제로 활용하기 위하여 식품부패균 및 식중독균에 대한 항균효과를 조사하였다. Paper disc법에 의한 시험결과 모든 시험균주에 대하여 20$m{\ell}$ 첨가시 항균효과를 나타내었으며, 미생물이 첨가된 배지에 참나무 목초액을 70${\mu}{\ell}$ 첨가한 후 $30^{\circ}C$에서 3일간의 배양동안 모든 시험균주의 성장이 완전히 억제되었다. 증류수로 희석한 목초액 50$m{\ell}$에 대수증기까지 배양하여 멸균수로 희석한 대장균을 미량 첨가하여 $20^{\circ}C$에서 10일간 방치한 후 생균수 및 대장균수를 측정한 결과, 대조구에는 그 생균수가 약 $3{\times}10^3$ CFU$2.0{\times}10$ CFU/$m{\ell}$으로 나타났으며, 일반세균은 10일 경과시 대조구에서는 그 수가 $1.9{\times}10^4$ CFU/$m{\ell}$이었으나, 목초액을 500배로 희석한 증류수에서는 $7{\times}10^2$ CFU/$m{\ell}$으로 나타났다. 장염 비브리오균주가 도말된 test plate에 목초액을 분사한후 $30^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 배양한 결과, 8배 희석한 목초액 분사구에서는 균의 성장이 완전 억제 되었고, 10배 희석한 목초액 분사구에서는 다소 균의 성장이 확인됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.350-355
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• 2007

The optimal substrates and reaction flavoring conditions were examined to develop pearl oyster extract (POE) flavor using the Maillard reaction under a model system. The sugar for the Maillard reaction was glucose, and the amino acid was cysteine, with glycine as the reaction substrate. A three-dimensional response surface method was used to monitor the dynamic changes of the substrates during the Maillard reaction. To enhance the flavor of POE, a two-step enzymatic hydrolysate (Brix $20^{\circ}$) was reacted with the precursors (1:1, v/v). A 2:1:1 mixture of 0.4 M glucose:0.4 M glycine:0.4 M cysteine (v/v) was selected as a suitable reaction system for the reappearance of baked potato odor and boiled meat odor, and masking the shellfish odor. The two-step enzymatic hydrolysate and selected precursors were reacted in a high-pressure reactor to optimize the reaction parameters. The optimum conditions were 150 minutes at $120\;^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. The pH was the most critical factor for the response of the baked potato odor and masking the shellfish odor, while the reaction time affected the reappearance of the boiled meat odor.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the optimal processing conditions of smoke-dried powdered oysters and to determine their shelf-life during storage for development of a natural oyster flavoring substance. The optimal conditions for processing of smoke-dried oyster powder with freshy oyster were as follows. Raw shelled oysters were rinsed with 3% saline solution, drained, boiled for 10 minutes at $98^{\circ}C$, and then smoked for 1 hour at $50^{\circ}C$, followed by drying for 4 hours at $80^{\circ}C$ Smoke-dried oyster powder with oyster scraps were prepared as flavoring material. The smoked oyster scraps were submerged in oyster sauce far 10 minutes at room temperature and then dried with hot air for 5 hours at $50^{\circ}C$. The smoke-dried oysters and smoke-dried oyster scraps were then pulverized to 50 mesh and packed in tea bags or vacuum-packed in laminated plastic film bags (PE/PVDC/CPP, $12{\mu}m/15{\mu}m/50{\mu}m$). Compared to non smoke-dried powdered oysters, the smoking and dipping in oyster sauce enhanced the flavor and prevented lipid oxidation of the smoke-dried powdered oyster product. Shelf-life tests indicated that the vacuum-packaging method preserved the quality of smoke-dried powdered oysters stored for 150 days at room temperature.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2004

본 연구는 식품의약품안전청의 착향료 제조품목허가대장 조사 및 향료제조업체를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통하여 조합향료를 구성하고 있는 합성화학물질의 국내 사용실태 및 안전성 평가 여부를 파악하였으며 다음과 같다. 식품의약품안전청의 착향료 제조품목허가대장을 조사한 결과, 총 8,386개 중 6,434개의 조합향료를 구성하고 있는 합성화학물질은 618개였으며, 에스테르류에 속하는 합성화학물질이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 케톤류, 지방족알콜류의 순으로 나타났다. 실제 개별품목의 사용빈도 또한 에스테르류가 가장 많았다. 또한 조향 시 부원료로 사용되는 착향료는 용제로 가장 많이 사용되었다. 조사된 개별품목은 isooctyl acetate, tricyclene을 제외하고는 FEMA, JECFA, CoE, JFFMA의 한 목록 이상에 모두 등재되어 관리되는 것으로 나타났고 이들을 포함한 총 618품목 중 490품목은 JECFA에 의해 안전성평가가 완료되었고 나머지 128품목 중 106품목은 FEMA에서 관리되어 실질적으로 GRAS 물질로 인정되고 있으며 20품목은 일본에서 사용되고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 식품을 제조하는 52개 업체를 대상으로 착향료 사용실태 및 관리현황에 대한 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 제품 제조 시 가장 많이 사용하는 착향료는 딸기향, 포도향, 오렌지향, 매실향, 레몬향, 바닐라향이었으며, 가장 많이 사용하는 개별품목은 딸기향은 ethyl butyrate, 포도향은 methyl anthranilate, 오렌지향과 레몬향은 citral, 매실향과 바닐라향은 vanillin이었다. 착향료의 사용수준에 대한 조사 결과, 착향료를 사용하는 대부분의 업체가 0.5% 미만의 미량을 사용하고 있었으며, 1%이상을 사용한다고 응답한 업체는 9.8%로 사용수준이 높지 않은 것으로 조사되었다. 최종제품에 대한 착향료 사용 표시사항여부는 다류를 생산하는 업체와 어육제품인 게맛살을 제조하는 업체를 제외하고는 원재료 5가지 내에 착향료가 들어가면 표시를 하나 그렇지 않으면 표시하지 않는다고 응답하였다. 또한 생산하는 제품의 특성에 따라 조금씩의 차이는 있었으나 소비자들이 주로 딸기향, 바나나향, 사과향, 초코향을 선호한다고 답하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2003

We investigated the effects of Oak smoke flavoring (OSF, Holyessing) on the growth of DU145 and PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells. OSF treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent growth inhibition in both DU145 and PC3 cell lines. The anti-proliferative effect of OSF treatment was associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death which was confirmed by morphological change such as membrane shrinking, rounding up and chromatin condensation in DU145 and PC-3 cells. DNA flow cytometry analysis confirmed that OSF treatment increased population of apoptotic sub-G1 phase. Furthermore, we observed an increase of pro-apoptotic protein Bax expression and a decrease of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 by OSF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. OSF also induced a proteolytic cleavage of specific target proteins such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and β-catenin proteins. The present results indicated that OSF-induced inhibition of human prostate carcinoma cell proliferation is associated with the induction of apoptosis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2003

To develop natural flavoring substances, optimal two stage enzyme hydrolysis conditions and flavor compounds of short-neck clam (Tapes philippinarum) enzyme hydrolysates were examined. The optimal enzyme hydrolysis conditions for two stage enzyme hydrolysate (TSEH) of short-neck clam were revealed in temperature at $55^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours digestion with alcalase at the 1st stage and 4 hours digestion at $45^{\circ}C$ with exopeptidase type neutrase at the 2nd stage. In quality tests of hot-water extracts, steam extracts and 4 kinds of enzyme hydrolysates, TSEH processing method was superior to other methods in yield, nitrogen contents, organoleptic taste such as umami intensity and inhibition of off-flavor formation, and transparency of extract. Total free amino acid contents in hot-water extract, steam extract and TSEH were 1,352.1 mg/100 g, 1,174.1 mg/100 g and 2,122.4 mg/100 g, respectively, Major free amino acids in TSEH were glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and arginine. As for nucleotides and other bases, betaine, TMAO and creatinine were principal components in TSEH. The major inorganic ions in TSEH were Na, K, P and Cl. TSEH also revealed very higher angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibition effect $(70.7\%)$ than those of hot-water and steam extract. We conclude that TSEH from short-neck clam was more flavorable compared with the seasoning materials on the market, it could be utilized as the instant soup base and the seasoning substances for fisheries processing.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1309-1314
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• 2003

We examined the effects of Oak Smoke Flavoring (OSF, Holyessing) on the cell proliferation of DU145 and PC3 human prostate carcinoma cell line. OSF treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of the cell viability in both DU145 and PC3 cell lines. The anti-proliferative effects by OSF treatment in DU145 and PC3 cells were associated with morphological changes such as membrane shrinking and cell rounding up. DNA flow cytometric histograms showed that population of S phase of the cell cycle was increased by OSF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that cyclin B1 and cdc2 proteins were reduced by OSF treatment in DU145 cells, whereas cyclin A was markedly inhibited in PC3 cells. Furthermore, we observed an increase of Cdk inhibitor p16 and p27 protein, and an inhibition of phosphorylation of pRB by OSF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The present results indicated that OSF-induced inhibition of human prostate carcinoma cell proliferation is associated with the blockage of S phase progression.