• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.273-277
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• 2008

Architectural design guideline of Korea prescribed that district unit plan was established for development over fixed scale since 2000 and it was based on the intention to make district view contextually. But, it was not applicable to practice and as a result of research, setting of district image was not clear when development of district unit plan was completed and elements and contents of district unit plan for embodying it were finite or theoretical. In addition, architectural design neglected contextual view of the whole district based on district unit plan and was inclined to individual view within district, and architectural deliberation was also inclined to individual view within the district rather than contextual view rather than contextual view. Therefore, district unit plan requires decision of element and range as design management for setting image and embodying it when development is completed and architectural design or deliberation must be also premised on district view.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2017

목 적: 본 연구는 모양이 불규칙하고 손상위험장기(Organ At Risk, OAR)에 매우 인접한 타겟(Target)의 방사선 치료 시, 비동일평면상(Non-coplanar)의 빔(Beam)을 이용한 Fixed-field 세기변조 방사선치료(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, IMRT)와 용적변조회전 방사선치료(Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy, VMAT) 치료계획의 유용성을 평가 및 비교해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 True Beam STX(Varian Medical Systems, USA)를 이용하여 전체 두피(Whole Scalp), 부분적 두피(Partial Scalp), 그리고 전체 뇌실(Whole Ventricle)에 방사선 치료를 받은 환자 중 각 부위별로 2명 씩, 총 6명을 대상으로 하였다. VMAT 치료계획 시, Beamlet에 포함되는 OAR의 용적을 최소화하기 위해 Coplanar 또는 Non-coplanar 빔을 이용하였고, Fixed-field IMRT는 6명 모두 2개 이상의 카우치(Couch) 각도를 이용한 Non-coplanar IMRT(이하 ncIMRT)로 치료계획 하였다. 결 과: 양측 수정체, 양측 시신경, 시신경 교차, 그리고 뇌 줄기의 최대선량과 양측 안구와 해마의 평균선량을 측정하였고, 6명 모두 9개의 OAR 중 6개 이상에서 VMAT 치료계획이 ncIMRT보다 1.1배에서 8.2배가량 높은 선량 값을 나타내었다. 전체 두피와 부분적 두피의 치료 시, 20 Gy가 조사되는 뇌의 용적은 VMAT이 ncIMRT의 2배 이상이었고, 전체 뇌실의 치료 시에는 두 치료계획이 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 타겟 Coverage는 두 치료계획 모두 $PTV_{100%}=95%$를 만족시켰고, 타겟 내 최대선량과 치료 시 필요한 총 Monitor Unit(MU)은 ncIMRT가 VMAT보다 높았으며 두 치료계획 모두 임상적용을 위한 Gamma test 시행 결과, 2 mm/2 % 조건을 통과하였다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과, ncIMRT는 VMAT에 비해 치료 시 필요한 MU가 높아 치료시간과 장비의 로딩(Loading)을 증가시키므로 치료의 효율성은 다소 떨어지지만, VMAT과 비슷한 타겟 Coverage를 유지하면서, OAR의 선량은 훨씬 감소시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 모양이 불규칙하고 OAR에 매우 인접해 있는 타겟의 방사선 치료 시에는 ncIMRT 치료계획을 고려해 볼 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.625-645
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• 2016

본 연구는 이분모분수의 덧셈 및 뺄셈과 관련하여 단위 추론의 측면에서 강조해야 할 핵심 아이디어를 밝히고 제4차 교육과정에서부터 2009 개정 교육과정에 의한 초등학교 교과서에서 단위와 관련된 아이디어가 어떻게 제시되어 있는지를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 이분모분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈의 핵심 아이디어는 세 가지 수준의 단위를 유연하게 활용하는 과정에서 고정된 전체 단위, 새로운 공통 단위의 필요성, 재귀적 분할 등을 강조해야 한다는 것이다. 초등학교 수학 교과서 분석 결과, 전체 단위가 고정되어야 한다는 사실을 매우 암묵적으로 다루고, 통분의 필요성을 이전에 학습한 동분모분수의 덧셈과정과 연결하여 제시하였으며, 재귀적 분할 방법보다는 수치적으로 통분하여 모델을 알고리즘과 유기적으로 연결하는 데 어려움이 있는 것으로 드러났다. 이에 대한 논의를 바탕으로 초등학교 수학교과서의 이분모분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈 관련 내용 구성 및 지도 방향에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.368-375
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• 2008

In this paper, we calculated the pixel and all the inter-electrode capacitances in a unit pixel of three kinds of TFT-LCD modes in order to realize the full color image. And we analyzed the effect on applied voltage. We fixed size of sub-pixel and designed a unit pixel of three kinds of TFT-LCD modes. We calculated rigorously the pixel and all the inter-electrode capacitances by the three dimensional simulation. And we expanded one pixel into whole panel using H-SPICE. As a result, we calculated the RMS voltage and kickback voltage which most affect gray scale of the pixel and calculated the number of bit according to permissible range of minimum gray scale using V-T curve.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2018

First of all, the multi-story Housing applying resident's participation in europe was classified by the menu selection method, the two-step supply method and the cooperative method. And then I analyzed flexible unit plan of cases for deriving the planning methode and the characteristics of flexibility. First, I analyzed the area and form of the unit plan, structure and Installation, fixed and variable elements to derive the planning method. The area of units are distributed from a minimum of $35m^2$ to a maximum of $150m^2$, and many of the unit planes have a narrow front and a deep depth. The structure is a long-span wall-structure or a skeleton structure, and is designed without any columns and bearing walls in the interior space for flexibility in spatial composition. The vertical shafts are located in the center of the unit in a box-form or in the corner at the unit dividing wall for free placement of interior wall. Fixed elements are framework and facility systems. Most of the future residents in the two-steps supply method and the cooperative method were able to freely design the internal space within the zoning concept proposed by the architect and change the location of the facade element within module system proposed by the architect. Second, the characteristics of the flexibility applied to the unit plan were divided in integrated flexibility, functional flexibility, construction flexibility, and supply flexibility. The integrated flexibility enables residents to give the variable space combination based on the complex structure of the inner space for providing various living experiences. Regarding functional flexibility, the three-dimensional spatial structure with neutral space has multi-functionality according to the needs of residents and easily accepts mixing of hybrid programs such as work and residence. Constructive flexibility allows residents to create identity by freely planning interior space and changing the size or location of facade components in a determined system of architects. Finally, various types of size and space composition are proposed and realized in the whole building applying menu selection method, so that flexibility in the offer can accommodate and integrate various types of living.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

This paper presents current state of the prediction simulator of structural characteristics of machinery equipment accuracy. Developed accuracy prediction simulator proceeds and estimates the structural analysis between the designer and simulator through the internet for convenience of designer. 3D CAD model which is input to the accuracy prediction simulator would simplified by the process of removing the small hole, fillet and chamfer. And the structural surface joints would be presented as the spring elements and damping elements for the structural analysis. The structural analysis of machinery equipment joints, containing rotary motion unit, linear motion unit, mounting device and bolted joint, are presented using Finite Element Method and their experiment. Finally, a general method is presented to tune the static stiffness at a rotation joint considering the whole machinery equipment system by interactive use of Finite Element Method and static load experiment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2009

In Japan, since rice consumption has been decreasing with the westernization of Japanese eating habits, surplus paddy fields have been increasing. If these surplus paddy fields can be utilized for forage rice production as feed for animal production and excretions (feces and urine) from animal production can be applied to the paddy fields as manure, then the problems of surplus paddy fields and excretions from animal production may be solved, and the environment kept sustainable. The objectives of the present study were to apply a bio-economic model to dairy and forage rice integration systems in Japan and to examine the merit of introducing whole crop rice silage (WCRS), as well as economic and environmental effects of various economic and management options in the systems. Five simulations were conducted using this model. The use of WCRS as a home-grown feed increased environmental loads and decreased economic benefit because of the higher amount of purchased feed, when compared to the use of typical crops such as maize, alfalfa and timothy silage (simulation 1). Higher economic benefits from higher forage rice yields and higher milk production of a dairy cow were obtained (simulations 2, 3). There were no economic and environmental incentives for utilizing crude protein (CP) rich WCRS, because an increase in the CP content in WCRS led to the use of more chemical fertilizers, resulting in high production costs and nitrogen outputs (simulation 4). When evaluated under the situation of a fixed herd size, increasing forage rice yields decreased the total benefit of the production, in spite of the fact that the amount of subsidies per unit of land increased (simulation 5). It was indicated that excess subsidy support may not promote yield of forage rice. It was, however, observed in most cases that dairy and forage rice integration systems could not be economically established without subsidies.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.245-248
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• 2005

SCRamjet is the key technology for hypersonic flight over mach number 6. It is characterized by very short residence time in combustor because its internal flow is supersonic. In this short time, the whole process of combustion must be done. Especially numerical study of combustor is important because air-fuel mixing rate influences the performance of combustor. Various methods of air-fuel mixing enhancement are proposed. Among these, cavity injection method is selected to study in this paper. The numerical study is conducted with the variation of the cavity length at the fixed height of unit and jet injection on the downstream of cavity.

• 교육시설
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

This study is carried out to understand application type and change of learning space and to find out actual situation of management in open planned elementary schools. The twelve elementary schools were selected based on case studies and fundamental data of the agencies performing basic plan, the actual situation of management was studied by interviews of principals and teachers. By the results, open planned elementary schools have been notably reduced after the year of 2004 and corridor expending type was broadly chosen as a plane type for open space. It was also shown that learning space was transformed to the independent type integrating open space to the unit classroom in most part of twelve cases. In addition, whole sliding doors fixed in open classrooms by some Provincial Office of Education didn't need certain physical shut-offs, and it was considered as one of useful alternatives to manage open space.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회/대한산업공학회 2003년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

This paper considers an Integrated one-vendor multi-buyer production-inventory model where the vendor manufactures multiple products In lot at Her associated finite production rates In the model. It is allowed for earth product to be shipped In lot to the buyers before the whole product production is not completed yet. Each product lot is dispatched to the associated buyer In a number or shipments. The buyers consume their products at fixed rates. The objective is to the production and shipment schedules in the Integrated system. which minimizes the mean total annual cost per unit time. The mean total annual cost consists or production setup cost inventory holding cost and shipment cost. For the model, an Iterative optimal solution procedure with shipment consolidation policy incorporated is derived. It is then tested through numerical experiments to show how efficient and effective He shipment consolidation policy is.