• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2013

Objectives : To observe the changes in the expression of nNOS, iNOS, eNOS and NO by the needle insertion on river points, one of the five transport points of three yang meridians of the foot. Methods : Based on rats, needle was inserted on both left and right sides of ST41, BL60 and GB38 and retained for five minutes. After the retention, blood was drawn via cardiac puncture and tissues from each point around meridian vessels were extracted to observe the changes in the expression of nNOS, iNOS, eNOS and NO. Results : In terms of the effect on expression of nNOS within tissues, ST41 showed significant decrease based on the results of immunohistochemistry. In terms of the effect on expression of iNOS within tissues, none of the experimental groups showed any significant change compared to the Normal group. Regarding expression of eNOS within tissues, GB38 showed significant increase based on the results of immunohistochemistry. In terms of the effect on NO creation in tissues, none of the experimental groups showed any significant change compared to the Normal group. Conclusions : The effect of needle insertion on the river points of three yang meridians of the foot on the function of nNOS, iNOS, eNOS and NO could be observed, and based on this study, it is considered that the effect of needle stimulation on the changes of nervous system could be found out through additional research.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

Objectives : The Meridians and acupuncture points are the fundamental theories for acupuncture therapy. They have been associated with nervous system, but It is not well defined. We investigated that the effects of acupuncture at the river points(LU8, HT4, PC5, SP5, KI7, LR4) on the changes in the expression of nNOS, iNOS, eNOS, and NE in rats. Methods : The Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups each non-acupuncture and acupuncture group. We inserted needle and retained for 5 minutes on both left and right sides of LU8, HT4, PC5, SP5, KI7, LR4 which were the river points of five transport points for 6 yin meridian vessels. After that, blood was drawn via cardiac puncture, and tissues for each point near meridian vessels were extracted to examine the changes in the changes of nNOS, eNOS, iNOS and NE. Results : The LU8 and HT4 group showed a significant decrease on nNOS. In terms of eNOS and iNOS, the LU8 group decreased significantly while the KI7 group increased significantly. However, the experimental groups didn't show any significant changes on the plasma and tissue norepinephrine without plama NE in SP5 group. Conclusions : The effect on the nNOS, iNOS, eNOS of acupuncture at LU8 and KI7 could be observed, and it is considered that the effect of acupuncture related with on nervous system could be studied by additional researches based on this one.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2014

Objectives : Saam acupuncture initiated by Saamdoin is traditional and originative method, which is characterized by applying the five phases theory and mother-child reinforcement-reduction principle to the selection of acupoints and needling manipulation. Our study was aimed to summarize and assess the use of acupoint SP3(Taebaek) in Saam acupuncture treatment and to further understand Saam acupuncture in an aspect of the combination of acupoints. Methods : We searched the data based on "(Do Hae Kyo Kam) Sa-Ahm's acupuncture method" for SP3 used and acupoint combination including SP3. We performed frequency analysis, network analysis, and cluster analysis for quantitative aspect. To understand clinical implication of SP3 with another acupoint, qualitative and descriptive methods were also carried out. Results and Conclusions : In our study, SP3 was frequently used for tonification of lung, spleen, heart, and kidney meridian and sedation of kidney, heart, and lung meridian. For this, many acupoints such as LU8, LU9, KI3, HT8, KI7, LU10 and LR1 were used with SP3. The combination of SP3 and other acupoints were used to treat stroke, common cold, and pain conditions including headache, low back pain, respiratory disease as well as gastroenteric troubles including stomachache, indigestion, vomiting, and constipation. To further understand Saam acupuncture, an understanding of the five transport points based on five elements characters, pathological changes (deficiency and excess) of viscera and bowels, and concept of source point should be preceded.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2020

Objectives : Mitochondria are typically known as intracellular double membrane-bound structures that supply energy for intracellular metabolism including Krebs cycle and beta-oxidation. Also, acupuncture has been known to stimulate the flow of energy. To explore the effect of acupuncture on the mitochondrial respiratory chain activities in rat's heart and kidneys, the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to IV were observed. Methods : The rats were divided into 11 groups; Normal (no acupuncture treatment and under anesthesia for 10 min), heart meridian five-transport-points (acupuncture treatment at HT9, HT8, HT7, HT4 and HT3 under anesthesia for 10 min), and kidney meridian five-transport-points (acupuncture treatment at KI1, KI2, KI3, KI7 and KI10 under anesthesia for 10 min). All rats were sacrificed and the heart and kidneys were examined for the changes of respiratory chain activities. Results : Acupuncture at HT7 increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase; acupuncture at KI2 increased the activity of ubiquinol cytochrome C oxidoreductase; and acupuncture at HT9, HT8, HT3 and KI1 increased activities of cytochrome C oxidase. Conclusions : Acupuncture assists mitochondrial repiratory chain activity via the Cytochrome C oxidase signaling pathway in heart and kidney of rats.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study is to summarize and compare acupuncture points used for dental disorder in the classics with those used in recent clinical trials. Methods : We searched the data for acupuncture points used and rationale of acupuncture in dentistry. Following two sources were searched: 1) seven Classics of traditional medicine and 2) clinical trials through Pubmed from January 2000 to March 2013 with no language restriction. Results : Dental pain was the most common disorder in the dentistry section of the Classics of traditional medicine. We found many similarities of acupuncture points used between literatures and clinical trials. From the meridian perspective, large intestine meridian(LI), stomach meridian(ST), triple energizer meridian(TE), and gallbladder meridian(GB) were frequently used in the Classics of traditional medicine and the clinical trials. From the acupuncture point perspective, acupuncture points were selected according to syndrome. The specific points such as five transport points, source points, and connecting points were also used. In the clinical trials, combination of acupuncture points usually consisted adjacent points and distant points. Among them, LI4 was used in all of the studies included in this review. Conclusions : For well-designed clinical trial, appropriate intervention is essential. To establish appropriate acupuncture treatment, we have to suggest reasoning for treatment based on literature and/or expert consensus. Our review only focused on pain relief in dentistry and had many limitations. Further studies based on the literatures such as the Classics of traditional medicine are required to ensure the rationale of acupuncture treatments in various dental disorders.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2011

The present study investigated the physiological evaluation of cloned mini-pigs in a transportable isolator. Transportable isolator was designed and manufactured by our research team for transporting gnotobiotic pig. Until now, no previous reports are available regarding the physiological activities and harmful effects when pigs were transported in this isolator. Five cloned mini-pigs of 1~2 year (s) old female with a body weight between 80~90 kg were used. The effects of transportable isolator on stress-related hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and heart rate were evaluated. In addition, it was also examined the effects of transportable isolator on blood chemistry factors (alanine aminotransferase: ALT, aspartate aminotransferase: AST, blood urea nitrogen: BUN, glucose, and creatinine). Blood was sampled just before the beginning of transport (T0), at the end of transport (30min after the transport; T1), and 30 min after the end of transport (T2). At the same time, heart rate was also evaluated. As a result, heart rate had no significant (p>0.05) differences at the various-time points of study (T0, T1, T2). However, heart rate was slightly higher than normal range in T1 and T2. The ACTH level was higher than normal range. Whereas, the cortisol level was lower than normal range. There were no statistical significant differences both ACTH and cortisol level between different time groups. Also, there were no significant differences in blood chemistry factors. Therefore, our present study shows that transportable isolator has no harmful effect on stress and physiological condition in cloned mini-pigs.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

인은 인지질, 탄수화물 및 핵산 등의 생분자 합성에 필요한 원소이다. 세균은 외부환경으로부터 인산이나 인산을 포함하는 영양소를 흡수하여 인을 얻고, 세포대사에 사용되고 남은 인산은 polyphosphate 형태로 저장한다. 현재까지 알려진 다섯 개의 인산 수송 시스템 중, 인산에 특이적으로 높은 친화력을 갖는 Pst 시스템이 가장 중요한 역할을 하며, 그 발현은 세포외부 인산 농도에 반응하는 PhoB-PhoR two component 신호전달 시스템에 의해 조절된다. 반응 조절 단백질 PhoB는 인산 대사뿐 아니라 이와 관계없는 유전자들의 전사를 조절하는 것으로 알려졌으며, 따라서 PhoB의 활성이 조절되지 않으면 많은 종류의 다른 표현형이 나타난다. 본 총설은 각 인산 수송 시스템의 기능이 결여된 세균의 표현형에 대한 최근 연구 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 내용을 기술하였다. 첫째, 세포 내부 인산의 적정 농도 유지를 위한 인산 수송 시스템들의 역할, 둘째, 인산뿐 아니라 여타 환경 신호와 관련된 수송 시스템의 다양한 표현형, 그리고 마지막으로, 수송 시스템들 간 혹은 그 조절자들 간의 표현형 중복을 분류하여 제시하였다. 이러한 내용은 결국 세균의 대사, 적응반응 및 병원성 발현에 미치는 인산 항상성의 중요성을 강조한다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2014

Catchments soil erosion, one of the most serious problems in the mountainous environment of the world, consists of a complex phenomenon involving the detachment of individual soil particles from the soil mass and their transport, storage and overland flow of rainfall, and infiltration. Sediment size distribution during erosion processes appear to depend on many factors such as rainfall characteristics, vegetation cover, hydraulic flow, soil properties and slope. This study involved laboratory flume experiments carried out under simulated rainfall in a 3.0 m long ${\times}$ 0.8 m wide ${\times}$ 0.7 m deep flume, set at $17^{\circ}$ slope. Five experimental cases, consisting of twelve experiments using three different sediments with two different rainfall conditions, are reported. The experiments consisted of detailed observations of particle size distribution of the out-flow sediment. Sediment water mixture out-flow hydrograph and sediment mass out-flow rate over time, moisture profiles at different points within the soil domain, and seepage outflow were also reported. Moisture profiles, seepage outflow, and movement of overland flow were clearly found to be controlled by water retention function and hydraulic function of the soil. The difference of grain size distribution of original soil bed and the out-flow sediment was found to be insignificant in the cases of uniform sediment used experiments. However, in the cases of non-uniform sediment used experiments the outflow sediment was found to be coarser than the original soil domain. The results indicated that the sediment transport mechanism is the combination of particle segregation, suspension/saltation and rolling along the travel distance.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.563-568
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• 2008

The Green Building Certification is issued through self-assessment of applicant, assessment of assessment members and deliberation committee members. These assessments are carried out based on a standard provided Ministry of land transport and maritime affairs and environment. However, opinion difference of assessment standards could be occurred due to diversity of understanding for a standard or subjectivity of committee member. In this paper, We discussed the primary cause of score difference after analyzed assessment standard for the site, transportation, energy and resources, ecological environment, indoor environment in five different Apartment Houses located in Seoul. At a result, score difference was at least 3 points in each section except indoor environment and total score difference of housing complex is by 10 points. To improve these problems, educational program should be activated and guide for assessment standard should be published.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2015

본 연구는 서울시 유동인구조사자료를 활용하여 토지이용유형별로 보행량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 비교분석하였다. 우선, 조사지점 주변의 주거, 상업, 공업, 녹지 등의 토지이용을 바탕으로 K-평균 군집분석을 통해 5개의 군집으로 분류하고, 군집별 1일 및 시간대별 평균보행량의 차이를 비교하였다. 이어서, 군집별로 보행량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 3가지 공간적 위계의 설명변수로 구분하여 다중선형회귀분석을 통해 영향 요인을 규명하고 군집별로 차이점을 비교하였다. 분석결과, 보도 너비는 모든 군집에서 보행량의 증가요인으로 분석되었으나, 다른 변수들의 경우 군집별로 설명변수가 상이하고, 공간위계별로 영향력도 다른 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 토지이용유형별 가로관련 정책을 수립하는 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.