• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.367-371
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• 2012

To investigate the relationship between metabolic changes in $^1H$-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and fish vaccination, serum was collected from olive flounders treated with a formalin-killed Edwardsiella tarda vaccine and used for $^1H$-NMR metabolite profiling. Principal component analysis and partial least squares were applied to the $^1H$-NMR profile to reduce its complexity and establish class-related clusters. Relative lipid regions were distinguished in vaccinated and non-vaccinated serum. Then, the lipids were extracted from the serum and analyzed. Triolein was identified.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

CHSE-214 무지개송어 세포주는 10% fetal bovine serum과 2mM-glutamine이 첨가된 Eagle's 기본배지에서 성장하였다. CHSE-214 세포주의 최적온도는 $20^{\circ}C$였다. IPN바이러스는 CHSE-214 세포주에서 복제되었으며, 세포변성효과를 나타내었다. 또한 IPN 바이러스의 감염시간에 따른 감염증상을 역위상차 현미경으로 관찰하였다. 감염 6-12시간 후 세포는 정상세포와 비슷하였다. 감염 18-24시간 후 세포는 일부가 정상 세포보다 더 둥근형태로 되었고, 일부세포는 세포배양용 플라스크 바닥에서 떨어져 부유상태로 되었다. 감염 30시간 후 세포는 더더욱 비정상적인 형태로 되었다. 감염 48~68시간 후 감염된 세포는 파열되었고, 아주 높은 세포 병변 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2008

To understand the activity of non-specific defence factors in cultured Sebastes, the antibacterial effect of the serum, skin mucus and homogenate of various organs from cultured oblong rockfish (Sebastes oblongus) and rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) against pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, and Streptococcus sp. was compared with that of flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) and seabass(Leteolabrax japonicus). And the activities of proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme and haemolycin as non-specific defence factor were investigated on the oblong rockfish and rockfish. Samples from oblong rockfish showed the highest antibacterial activity by lysoplate assay on agar plate mixed with pathogens, followed in descending order by rockfish, seabass, and flounder. Turbidimetric assay was carried to evaluate the lysozyme activity of fish samples against lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeiktikus. The serum, kidney, liver, stomach, intestine and eyeball of oblong rockfish and the mucus and gill of rockfish appeared to have the highest lysozyme activity among the fish strains investigated. All samples except skin mucus, liver, and eyeball of oblong rockfish and rockfish showed proteolytic enzyme activity. Chitinolytic enzyme activity was showed in random sampling and haemolytic activity was remarkable in oblong rockfish. Therefore, Sebastes strain was proved to have effective defense mechanisms based on the antibacterial activities, and lysozyme, proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme, and haemolycin were considered to act as the non-specific defence factor of Sebastes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.479-483
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• 1994

상이한 단백질원이 흰쥐의 혈청콜레스테롤 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 명태로부터 조제한 어육단백질과 동물성의 카제인 및 식물성의 대두단백질을 비교 검토하였다. 실험 식이의 단백질 수준은 20%가 되도록 저지방 식이에 준비된 단백질 시료를 혼합하여 S.D. 계통 male rat에 2주간 급여한 후 혈청지질 농도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 혈청중의 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 총 콜레스테롤/HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 카제인군에서 가장 높았고 어육단백질군, 대두단백질군 순으로 낮았으며 카제인군과 다른 두 단백질군 간에는 유의성이 있었다(p<0.05). HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 어육단백질군이 다른 두 단백질군보다 높았지만 유의성은 없었다. 트리글리세라이드 농도의 경우 세 단백질군간 유의성이 있었는데 어육단백질군은 카제인군보다 약 19mg/dl 낮았지만 대두단백질군보다는 약 6mg/dl 높았다. 어육단백질의 Lysine/Arginine비, Glycine/Methionine + Cystine비는 대두단백질의 그것들에 가까운 비율이었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo toxicity and effects of two phthalate esters (PEs), di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), on the immune system of the bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Groups of experimental fish were subjected to daily intraperitoneal injections of 300 or 1000 mg $kg^{-1}$ of DBP or DEHP for 3 days, and the cellularity and functional activity of phagocytes were measured in the spleen and pronephros (head kidney). The number of spleen leukocyte cells increased significantly (p<0.05) in response to low and high doses of DEHP and DBP, respectively; however, the cellularity of the pronephros was more susceptible to higher dose of DEHP than DBP. Nonspecific immunity, as determined by the phagocytic index (PI) and phagocytic capacity (PC), was significantly depressed by DEHP at 1000 $1000mg\;kg^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ in the pronephros at 3 days after injection. Furthermore, significantly (p<0.05) increased levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) indicated marked hepatic dysfunction in immunosuppressed fish. Treated fish showed a significant reduction in total serum protein but no significant alteration in lysozyme activity. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the fish immune response for predicting PE-induced immunotoxicity.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2008

본 연구는 치어기 조피볼락 Sebastes schlegeli 사료내 생균제 첨가가 넙치의 성장 및 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험사료는 주 단백질원으로 북양어분(white fish meal), 콘글루텐밀(corn gluten meal), 탈피대두박(dehulled soybean meal)을 사용하였으며, 탄수화물원으로는 밀가루(wheat flour)를, 지질원으로는 고도불포화지방산(n-3 HUFA)이 다량 함유된 오징어간유(squid liver oil)를 사용하였다. 생균제의 첨가효과를 확인하기 위하여 B. polyfermenticus(BP), Bacillus licheniformis(BL) 및 복합종균(B. polyfermenticus+Saccharomyces cerevisiae; BP+SC)을 실험사료 내에 각각 $1.0{\times}10^7$ CFU/kg diet 수준으로 첨가하였다. 2주간의 예비사육 후, 평균무게 $12.0{\pm}0.1g(mean{\pm}SD)$인 조피볼락을 500 L 원형수조에 각 실험구 당 각각 20마리씩 3반복으로 무작위로 배치하였고, 실험사료는 1일 2회 어체중의 $1.7{\pm}0.6%$(오전 10시, 오후 4시)씩 12주간 공급 하였다. 증체율, 사료효율, 일간성장율 및 단백질 전환효율에 있어서 BP+SC를 공급한 실험구가 대조구(control)에 비하여 유의하게 높게 나타났지만(P<0.05), BP, BL 및 BP+SC를 공급한 실험구간에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 생존율에 있어서는 모든 실험구간에 있어 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 전어체 지방함량에 있어서 대조구가 다른 모든 실험구에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 전어체 단백질, 회분 및 수분함량에 있어서는 모든실험구간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈액분석에 있어서 혈장내 glucose의 함량은 BP+SC를 공급한 실험구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으나, BP, BL 및 BP+SC를 공급한 실험구간에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. Respiratory burst activity(NBT assay)에 있어서 BP+SC와 BL을 공급한 실험구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며, BP, BL 및 BP+SC를 공급한 실험구간에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 혈청의 lysozyme 활성에 있어서는 BP와 BL을 공급한 실험구가 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났으며, BP, BL 및 BP+SC를 공급한 실험구간에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 공격실험 결과, 폐사는 Edwardsiella tarda를 접종한지 1일 후부터 시작하여 11일째 종료 하였다. 생균제를 투여한 모든 실험구가 대조구에 비해 초기폐사율이 낮게 나타났다. 공격실험 후 8일째부터 종료시 까지는 BP+SC를 공급한 실험구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며, BP, BL및 BP+SC를 공급한 실험구간에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 상기 결과를 토대로, 조피볼락 사료내 B. polyfermenticus, B. licheniformis 및 B. polyfermenticus 와 S. cerevisiae의 혼합첨가는 조피볼락의 성장 및 사료효율 증진과 항산화능 및 특정질병저항성에 좋은 효과를 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.823-829
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• 2016

Yacon (YC), ginger (GG) and blueberry (BB) were added to the diet of juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli to investigate the effects of these substances on growth, feed utilization and resistance to Streptococcus iniae compared to feed additive ethoxyquin. A total of 480 fish were distributed in 12 tanks and four experimental diets [control (Con), with 0.01% ethoxyquin, and 1% YC, GG and BB diets] were provided in triplicate. After an 8-week feeding trial, 20 fish from each tank were infected with Streptococcus iniae. Fish fed the BB diet had higher weight gain than fish fed the GG and Con diets. Feed efficiency of fish fed the GG and YC diets was higher than that of fish fed the BB and Con diets. The protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the GG diet was higher than that of fish fed any other diet. The cumulative mortality 54 h after infection of fish fed the Con diet was higher than that of fish fed any other diet. These results indicate that YC, GG, and BB are effective dietary additive, not only improving growth performance and feed utilization but also lowering the mortality of juvenile rockfish exposed to S. iniae.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2001

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are halogenated aromatic compounds with the empirical formula $C_{12}$ $H_{10-n}$C $l_{n}$(n=1~10), and are a mixture of possible 209 different chlorinated congeners. PCBs were widely used as dielectric fluids for capacitors and transformers, plasticizers, lubricant inks and paint addirives. Once released into the environment, PCBs persist for years because they are so resistant to degradation. In addition to their persistence in the environment, PCBs in ecological food chains undergo biomagnification because of their high degree of lipophilicity. In 1970s, the worldwide production of PCBs was ceased and the import of PCBs was prohibited since 1983 in Korea. In spite of these actions, many PCBs seems to be still in use. The environmental load of PCBs will continue to be recycled through air, land, water, and the biosphere for decades to come. This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of PCBs in the serum samples of 112 women by GC/MSD and GC/ECD. The main results of this study were as follows. 1. PCBs were detected in all samples. The mean $\pm$SD levels of PCBs in the serum were 3.613$\pm$0.759 ppb, and median were 3.828 ppb. 2. The correlation coefficients of the concentrations of 13 PCB congeners were from minimum, 0.7913 to maximum, 0.9985, and all was significant(p=0.0001). The correlation coefficient between the concentrations of PCBs and p,p'-DDE was 0.9641(p=0.0001). 3. There was a positive association between age and PCBs' concentrations (simple linear regression ; $R^2$=0.86, $\beta$=0.08023, p<0.001). 4. There was a positive association between total lipids in the serum and PCBs' concentrations (simple linear regression ; $R^2$=0.7058, $\beta$=0.00486, p<0.001). 5. For possible predictors of PCBs and p,p' -DDE levels in the serum, age adjusted model (Y=$\beta$$_{0}$+$\beta$$_1$age+ $B_2$X) was applied. For BMI, major residential area, wether to eat caught fish by angling, where to eat caught fish by angling(by parents in the past), fish consumption, meat consumption, meat consumption, and dairy consumption, there was no association. For total conception frequency and lactation frequency and lactation period, there was negative association.ion.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2018

어성초에서 발견되는 다양한 활성성분 중 강력한 항산화작용인 있는 quercitrin의 존재로 인해 건강식품이나 천연물의약품으로의 활용 목적으로 각광 받아 왔다. 본 연구에서는 어성초 추출물을 점농어의 사료에 첨가하여 장기간 급이함으로써, 가식부에 잔류하는 quercitrin으로 인해 식품의 가치를 높일 수 있는지 하는 가능성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 점농어에 어성초 추출물을 0.1, 0.5 및 1.0%의 수준으로 1개월간 급이하면 quercitrin이 hepatopancreas>muscle>serum의 순으로 잔류한다. 한편 Quercitrin을 순수물질 상태로 점농어, 틸라피아, 랫드 및 마우스에 20 mg/kg로 단회 경구 투여하고 48시간 후 조직내의 quercitrin 농도를 측정하면 점농어와 틸라피아에서는 어성초 추출물을 투여한 것과 동일한 잔류 농도 패턴을 보이지만 시험한 두 종의 포유동물에서는 liver>serum>muscle의 순으로 잔류 농도가 관찰된다. 이 결과로부터, quercitrin의 어류 가식부 근육내에서 발견된 상대적으로 높은 축적성은 기능성식품의 생산 측면에서 유리한 패턴의 특성으로 생각된다. 한편 최고 농도인 어성초 1.0%의 1개월간 투여 후 점농어의 성장에서 유의한 수준의 저해가 관찰되었으며 동시에 이 농도에서 간장 손상지표인 혈청내 효소의 변화도 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 어성초는 기능성 수산식품의 개발에 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하지만 이때 어류에서 독성이 나타나지 않는 수준의 농도로 제한하는 것이 현명한 것으로 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2015

The effects of high carbohydrate diet on growth, serum physiological response, and hepatic heat shock protein 70 expression in Wuchang bream were determined at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. At each temperature, the fish fed the control diet (31% CHO) had significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activities, lower feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole crude lipid, serum glucose, hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity than those fed the high-carbohydrate diet (47% CHO) (p<0.05). The fish reared at $25^{\circ}C$ had significantly higher whole body crude protein and ash, serum cholesterol and triglyceride, hepatic G-6-Pase activity, lower glycogen content and relative levels of hepatic growth hormone (GH) gene expression than those reared at $30^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). Significant interaction between temperature and diet was found for HSI, condition factor, hepatic GK activity and the relative levels of hepatic GH gene expression (p<0.05).