• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.536-542
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• 2007

Purpose : We investigated the effects of restricted fluid in the first 7 days of life on the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods : Eighty three VLBW infants who lived more than 28 days were selected. The amount of daily maintenance fluid was determined by calculation of insensible water loss (IWL) and urine output (UO). Seventy to 80 percent of calculated amount was given to the ventilated infants. Subjects were grouped into low (<25th%), moderate (25-75th%), and high (>75th%) fluid groups for the first 24 hours, 3 days and 7 days. Chi square tests analyzed proportions of subjects with or without morbidities across fluid groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of fluid intake on BPD or PDA, controlling for factors that are significantly associated with BPD or PDA by univariate analysis. Results : Rates of BPD and PDA were not significantly associated with fluid groups on each time period. The result was the same after controlling for factors that are significantly associated with BPD or PDA by univariate analysis. For the first 3 and 7 days, fluid intakes were positively related with maximal weight loss, urine output and mechanical ventilation duration. Conclusion : In VLBW infants, when given based on needs reflected from IWL and UO versus intake, relatively low fluid intakes in the first week of life do not decrease the risk of BPD or PDA, and vice versa. We suggest that calculation of daily fluid based on IWL and UO is appropriate for VLBW infants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1437-1440
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the use of urinary catecholamines to monitor changes in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and to determine the relationship of urinary cortisol and catecholamines in Japanese Shorthorn cows in response to social isolation. One cow was isolated from its group, which consisted of 14 cows (457 to 756 kg BW, 2 to 12 years old), for three days. The isolated cow was in contact with the other cows visually only at meal times. This isolation was repeated for 6 cows. Spontaneously voided urine samples were collected from the experimental animals once a day, before the treatment and on days 1, 2, and 3. Urinary cortisol and adrenaline levels were significantly increased compared with pre-isolation levels on the first day, and then declined to the basal levels during the next two days. Urinary noradrenaline levels changed in the same way as cortisol and adrenaline levels, but the difference was not significant. Urinary cortisol levels tended to be correlated with those of urinary adrenaline, but not noradrenaline. This study suggests that the urinary adrenaline levels can be a non-invasive indicator of stress and that the change of urinary adrenaline is similar to that of urinary cortisol.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1485-1490
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• 2012

An electrochemical immunoassay based on osmium-hippuric acid (HA) conjugate films onto the electrode is presented for the detection of urinary HA. This is the first report on the use of the oxidative electropolymerization of 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline (5-$NH_2$-phen) for immobilizing an antigen, osmium-conjugated HA. As a redox mediator, [Os(5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline)$_2$(4-aminomethylpyridine-HA)Cl]$^{+/2+}$ (Os-phen-HA) was successfully synthesized and electropolymerized onto the screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The interaction between osmium-HA conjugate films and antibody-HA ($anti$-HA) was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrical signals were linearly proportional to urinary HA in the range of 0.1-5.0 mg/mL, which is sufficient for use as an immunosensor using a cutoff concentration of 2.0 mg/mL in urine samples. The proposed electrochemical immunoassay method can be extended to various applications for detecting a wide range of different small antigens in the health care area.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.225-236
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• 2006

Objectives : This report intended to estimate effects taken by using Dong-Qi Acupuncture Therapy on a patient with neurogenic bladder induced by transverse myelitis(712, L1 level). Methods : From 6th May, 2005 to 30th June, 2005. The patient received Dong-Qi Acupuncture Therapy. Results : 1. Since being hospitalized, the patient's voiding has improved from intermittent catheterization to independent urination state. And the volume of residual urine has decreased from 150cc-350cc to 0cc-l0cc. 2. The urodynamic findings showed that first sensation, maximal detrusor pressure, compliance and maximal bladder capacity changed from 456ml to 195mL, from 29cmH2O to 31cmH2O, from none to 25.31mL/cmH2O, from under 650mL to 590mL, respectively. Conclusion : We considered Dong-Qi Acupuncture Therapy had a useful effect on Neurogenic Bladder.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2001

Five-month-old a female mongrel puppy weighing 3.5 kg showed no systemic disorder and particular discomfort except abdominal distension at the first visit. On physical examination an irregular abdominal mass was palpated. One month later she was clumsy and uncoordinated. In addition, lethargy and anorexia were appeared. Then she became comatose and died in spite of initial therapy. In radiographic examination enlargement of both sides of kidney was observed. The hematological examination the dog had WBC of 16,250/$\mu$l, RBC of $7.2{\times}10^6$ $\mu$l, PCV of 32%, total protein of 8.0 g/dl, and fibrinogen of 900 mg/dl. In serum chemistry BUN was 87.4 mg/dl and creatinine was 5.1 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed pH of 5.6, SG of 1.009 and protein of 500 mg/dl. In urine sediment test many RBCs, leukocytes, inflammatory cells and a few epithelial cells were observed. On histopathologic examination the size of right and left kidney were 15 cm, 16 cm in length, 6 cm, 6 cm in widths, respectively. Both sides of kidney were filled with brown-orange fluid and had irregular capsular surface. The cysts of various sizes were located throughout the cortex and medulla. No abnormality was found in any other organs. Histologically, cyst was lined by cuboidal to slightly flattened tubular epithelium and surrounded by mature fibrous connective tissue. Glomeruli, tubule and renal pelvis remained normal between cysts and exfoliated epithelial cells.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of meatal care with 10% betadine or with normal saline on the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) for elderly patients with indwelling urinary catheter in the ICU. Method: A quasi experimental design with non-equivalent control group was used. The 37 patients who participated in this study were 65-year-old or older. Patients in the saline group (n=20) received meatal care with normal saline and those in the betadine group (n=17) received meatal care with 10% betadine once a day for 6 days. Urine cultures were done on the 7th day for both groups to detect UTIs. Results: No difference was observed in the incidence of urinary tract infection between the two groups, regardless of patients' gender, ability to communicate or history of operation. Conclusion: The results indicated that use of saline which is cheap and does not irritate the mucous membrane is effective in preventing UTI within the first 7 days, and can be used instead of betadine for meatal care for elderly patients with indwelling urinary catheter in the ICU.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.180-183
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• 2015

We report the case of a 14-year-old girl who visited the emergency room because of suprapubic discomfort and sudden acute urinary retention. She did not have any significant medical and surgical history, and her neurological examinations were all normal. Urinary catheterization led to the passage of 500 mL urine. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a hematocolpos that was compressing the urinary bladder. Gynecologic history taking revealed that the patient has not had menarche yet. Therefore, a cruciate incision was performed and her urination became normal. As the surgical outcome after adequate hymenotomy for imperforate hymen is usually good, the diagnosis of imperforate hymen is important. However, this condition is easily missed in the clinic because the first physician visited by the patient rarely takes a detailed gynecologic history or performs appropriate physical examinations. Although rare, imperforate hymen should be considered as a cause of acute urinary retention in the adolescence period. If an adolescent girl presents with abdominal pain and voiding dysfunction, a detailed gynecologic history and appropriate physical examinations of the genital introitus should be performed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.57-59
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• 2010

A 59-year-old Korean man complained of a painless scrotal hard nodule and weak urine stream. The ultrasound scan revealed a 2.2-cm sized round heteroechogenic nodule located in the extratesticular area. Microscopic hematuria was detected in routine laboratory examinations. On scrotal exploration, multiple spargana were incidentally found in the mass and along the left spermatic cord. On cystoscopy, a 10-mm sized mucosal elevation was found in the right side of the bladder dome. After transurethral resection of the covered mucosa, larval tapeworms were removed from inside of the nodule by forceps. Plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei was confirmed morphologically and also by PCR-sequencing analysis from the extracted tissue of the urinary bladder. So far as the literature is concerned, this is the first worm (PCR)-proven case of sparganosis in the urinary bladder.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 1990

Surgical correction of congenital cardiac defects in infants and children with an elevated pulmonary arterial pressure or pulmonary vascular resistance carries a significant early postoperative mortality. And accurate assessments of cardiac output is critically important in these patients. From April 1988 through September 1989, serial measurements of cardiac index, ratio of pulmonary-systemic systolic pressure, ratio of pulmonary-systemic resistance, central venous pressure, left atrial pressure, and urine output during the first 48 hours after the cardiac operation were made in 30 congenital cardiac defects associated with pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac index showed significant increase only after 24 hour postoperatively and this low cardiac performance in the early postoperative period should be considered when postoperative management is being planned in the risky patients. There were no variables which showed any significant correlation with cardiac index. In 12 cases[40%], pulmonary hypertensive crisis developed during the 48 hours postoperatively, and they were treated with full sedation, hyperventilation with 100 % 0y and pulmonary vasodilator infusion. In all patient with preoperative pulmonary hypertension, surgical placement of a pulmonary artery catheter is desirable to allow prompt diagnosis of pulmonary hypertensive crisis and to monitor subsequent therapy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Arsenic poisoning has three types of poisoning. First, acute arsenic poisoning is usually caused by oral intake of large amount of arsenic compound with purpose of homicide or suicide. Second, chronic arsenic poisoning is caused by inhalation of arsenic in the occupational setting or by long-term oral intake of arsenic-contaminated well water. Third, arsine poisoning occurs acutely when impurities of arsenic in non-ferrous metal react with acid. Clinical manifestation of acute arsenic poisoning is mainly gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiovascular collapse. Those of chronic poisoning are skin disorder and cancer. Arsine poisoning shows massive intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria with acute renal failure. Exposure evaluation is done by analysis of arsenic in urine, blood, hair and nail. Species analysis of arsenic is very important to evaluate inorganic arsenic acid and mono methyl arsenic acid (MMA) separated from dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA) and trimethyl arsenic acid (TMA) which originate from sea weed and sea food. Treatment with dimercaprol (BAL) is effective in acute arsenic poisoning only.