• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2020

Purpose: The number of Korean adolescents engaging in gambling is increasing, especially among out-of-school adolescents. This study aimed to identify patterns of gambling activities and factors related to specific subgroups of out-of-school adolescent gambling activities. Methods: This descriptive study analyzed secondary data from the 2015 Korea Youth Gambling Problem Survey, including 1,200 out-of-school adolescents. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of gambling activities. The factors related to gambling subgroups were verified with multinomial logistic regression. Results: Three latent classes of gambling activities were identified: rarely gambling (RG), immediate gain gambling (IGG), and broad gambling (BG). These subgroups differed significantly in terms of gender, age at and type of first gambling experience, number and type of gambling activities, gambling frequency, time and money spent on gambling, problem gambling severity, and motivation for gambling. Compared to the RG subgroup, both the IGG and BG subgroups were strongly associated with an older age at the first gambling experience. Conclusion: Out-of-school adolescents who first gambled at an older age and who gambled mainly in order to gain money immediately were at risk of problem gambling. Developing strategies for early screening and referral to professionals is necessary to prevent gambling problems from worsening.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.294-306
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 재한 중국인 유학생 대상의 응급처치 교육프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 수집하고자 하는 것이다. 2015년 9월부터 2016년 5월까지 중국인 유학생 175명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 응급처치 지식, 교육요구도 및 자기효능감을 파악하였다. 연구결과 중국인 유학생들 중 한국에서 응급처치 교육을 받은 경우는 5.4%에 지나지 않았고, 대상자의 응급처치 지식은 1점 만점에 0.16점, 자기효능감은 5점 만점에 2.60점으로 낮았으며, 교육요구도는 5점 만점에 3.37점으로 비교적 높았다. 이상으로 중국인 유학생의 응급처치 지식수준과 자기효능감을 상승시키고, 교육요구도를 충족시키기 위한 응급처치 교육프로그램의 개발은 필요하다고 판단된다. 중국인 유학생을 위한 응급처치 교육프로그램의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 프로그램 개발 시 지식과 자기효능감은 낮았고, 교육요구도는 높았던 영역에 대한 교육콘텐츠는 강화하고, 지식수준과 자기효능감이 낮았던 대상자 집단에 대한 관심과 특별 관리가 요구된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제10권1호통권19호
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• pp.95-113
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to figure out the urban establishing families' marriage costs and first housing costs. For the purpose 274 establishing families in Seoul and its metropolitan area were interviewed through the stadardized questionnares. Finally 264 questionnares were analyzed. The major findings were as follows ; 1) The total marriage costs of urban establishing families were very high and the contents were very ritualistic. In higher education group, the total costs were high relatively. This was the case in first housing costs. 2) Their marriage costs were very dependent on their parent, the dependency were stronger in high education group compared to the low. This ware the case in first housing costs. 3) The total marriage costs were higher than the first housing costs. This tendency was stronger in low education group compared to the high.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.501-519
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• 2014

An explosive expansion of the use of smart devices such as smart phones and tablet PCs in mobile telecommunications service is bringing about a steep increase of mobile traffic volumes. Mobile network operators or telcos are introducing the $4^{th}$ generation LTE network, which handles traffics more efficiently, to respond such enormously increasing traffics. Meanwhile, it is wondered how LTE contributes to raising a competitive edge of telcos. This paper aims at empirically testing whether the first mover of LTE acquired its competitive advantages. In this paper, we analyzed a number of telcos of 10 major countries. As a result, it turned out that there is no first mover's advantages, that is, the first mover did not have any competitive advantages in market share, profitability, and so on.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.239-249
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• 1994

This study was conducted to find out the actual condition of dining-out and the propensity to dining-out according to age groups and sex distinction in Pusan area. The survey was conducted on 464 peoples who live or work, including students aged more than 4th grade in elementary school In Pusan area. The results of the questionnaires are as follows. The survey on dining-out time indicated that most of peoples like to dine out at supper time more than at luncheon. The motivations of dining out were in order of the time going out with family, having party and meeting with friends. Restaurants used frequently at luncheon time were in order of flour food shop, Chinese-style food shop and Korean-style food shop, and at supper time were in order of Korean-style food shop, roasts rib shop and Chinese-style food shop. The survey on dining-out cost indicated that 71.88% of respondents were payed out less than 4,000 won Per one person at luncheon, but 54.67% of them were payed out more than 5,000 won at supper. The reasons of prefferring food shop used first were in order of delicious taste, sanitary circumstance and economical price, and of no prefferring food shop used first were untasty, unsanitary circumstance and expensiveness. But, the results of the propensity to dining-out were different according to sex distinction, age groups and jobs.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1241-1250
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• 2011

In this paper, we develop noninformative priors for the log-normal distributions when the parameter of interest is the common mean. We developed Jeffreys' prior, th reference priors and the first order matching priors. It turns out that the reference prior and Jeffreys' prior do not satisfy a first order matching criterion, and Jeffreys' pri the reference prior and the first order matching prior are different. Some simulation study is performed and a real example is given.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1338-1350
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• 2012

This review focuses on the nutritional effects from birth until age at first calving on growth, mammary developmental changes, and first-lactation milk yield in heifer calves. The advancement in the genetic potential and the nutritional requirements of the animals has hastened the growth rate. Genetic selection for high milk yield has suggested higher growth capacity and hence increasing nutritional inputs are required. Rapid rearing by feeding high energy or high concentrate diets not only reduces the age of sexual maturity but also lowers the time period of attaining the age of first calving. However, high energy diets may cause undesirable fat deposition thereby affecting future milk yield potential. Discrepancies exist whether overfed or overweight heifers at puberty can influence the mammary development and future milk yield potential and performance. The data on post-pubertal nutritional management suggested that body weight at calving and post-pubertal growth rate is important in first lactation milk yield. There is a continuous research need for strategic feeding that accelerates growth of dairy heifers without reduction in subsequent production. Nutritional management from birth, across puberty and during pregnancy is critical for mammary growth and for producing a successful cow. This review will mostly highlight studies carried out on dairy breeds and possible available opportunities to manipulate nutritional status from birth until age at first calving.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1992

As the result of the research on the manufacturing procedure of Sogog-ju in the classical literature(35 kinds), it was found that Sogog-ju is usually brewed on the first Boar day of January and Sogog-ju base is added to it in about 7days and then the fermentation of Sogog-ju comes to end in about 21 days. The material grains out of 48 items, used in the first step of brewing Sogog-ju, are nonglutnous rice 47 items(98%), flour 20items(42%), somnuruk 9 items(19%) out of nuruk (fermenter) 48 items (100%) and nuruk water 5 items(17%), and flour 3 items(6%) are used, but fermenter nuruk is not used. When the grains are used in the first step of brewing, they are usually in the form of gruel and rice cake, and in the second step of brewing, they are usually made into steam water soaked rice. Nuruk, Which is largely used in the first step, is usually put after the processed grains get cold, but in the second step of brewing, it may be put into the still warm grains. There are hardly any cases when nuruk is used in conspicously small quantity.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2007

Lake Youngrang is a lagoon whose effluent flows into the East Sea. Because two resort towns and two golf courses are situated at the lake basin, many tourists visit this area. Stormwater runoff surveys were carried out for the eight storm events from 2004 to 2005 in the eutrophic lake watershed to give a basic data for the diffuse pollution control of the lake. Dimensionless mass-volume curves indicating the distribution of pollutant mass vs. volume were used to analyze the first flush phenomenon. The mass-volume curves were fitted with a power function and polynomial equation curves. The regression analysis showed that the polynomial equation curves were better than the power function in representing the tendency of the first flush, and second degree polynomial equation curves indicated the strength of the first flush effectively.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2010

Purpose: To compare and analyze current state of domestic and foreign educational program to develop a program and provide basic information for qualitative improvement of the program. Method: Referred to records and used various methods as searching on the Internet. Analyzing methods and standards are as follow : 1) As for the current status of domestic educational program, find out about organizations that conduct the program 2) As for the current status of foreign program, find out about United States, Canada and United Kingdom. 3) As for comparison and analysis, find out about curriculum, subject, the number of people, content, cost and time. Results: In comparison and analysis of subjects and program, United States, Canada and U. K. specified the subjects according to occupations to offer various programs appropriate for special occupational situations whereas domestic program only provide education of CPR and usage of AED. Foreign countries provide sufficient time from 5.5 to 40 hours according to occupations. In contrast, Korea only provide 2-4 hours of educations, which is insufficient to master techniques of first aid. In addition, foreign countries precisely regulate organizations that fulfill the qualification and specific guidelines for content of education. However, Korea doesn't have any standards of qualification or guidelines. Discussion: It is necessary to specify first aid education according to occupations to provide diverse programs. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish nationwide regulations for subjects and content of the programs of the first responder.