• Composites Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2020

기존 소방구조용 작업차에서 문제가 되고 있는 협소도로 진입의 어려움 및 구조를 위한 신속한 작업 전개 한계성을 극복하기 위한 목적으로 소형 구조작업차 연구가 진행되고 있으며 이에 따른 경량화 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 소방 구조 작업차 5번 붐은 288 mm(W) × 299 mm(D) × 3,691 mm(L)이며 이에 걸리는 최대 하중은 876 kg이고, Steel Boom의 Thickness는 3 mm이다. Steel (STRENX960)을 CFRP 복합재로 변경하여 제작하기 위해 Carbon Fiber NCF (±45°, 2축)를 직조하고 이를 NCF Prepreg로 제작하였고 경량화와 강성, 강도를 극대화할 수 있는 최적설계 패턴을 제시하였다. 이 과정은 구조해석을 바탕으로 설계하였고, NCF Prepreg의 (±45°)가 비틀림에 미치는 영향을 확인했으며 적층패턴(b)로 최적설계 하였다. 기존 Steel Boom과 UD방향으로 적층한 CFRP Boom과 동등하거나 이상의 수준에 대한 적층패턴을 최적화하였고, 최종적으로 Steel 대비 약 49.6% 무게에 대한 경량화 효과를 확인하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.650-662
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• 2011

The statistical tools such as empirical orthogonal function (EOF), and singular value decomposition (SVD) have been applied to analyze the characteristic of air pollutant over southeast Asia as well as to evaluate Zimeke's tropospheric column ozone (ZTO) determined by tropospheric residual method. In this study, we found that the EOF and SVD analyses are useful methods to extract the most significant temporal and spatial pattern from enormous amounts of satellite data. The EOF analyses with OMI $NO_2$ and OMI HCHO over southeast Asia revealed that the spatial pattern showed high correlation with fire count (r=0.8) and the EOF analysis of CO (r=0.7). This suggests that biomass burning influences a major seasonal variability on $NO_2$ and HCHO over this region. The EOF analysis of ZTO has indicated that the location of maximum ZTO was considerably shifted westward from the location of maximum of fire count and maximum month of ZTO occurred a month later than maximum month (March) of $NO_2$, HCHO and CO. For further analyses, we have performed the SVD analyses between ZTO and ozone precursor to examine their correlation and to check temporal and spatial consistency between two variables. The spatial pattern of ZTO showed latitudinal gradient that could result from latitudinal gradient of stratospheric ozone and temporal maximum of ZTO in March appears to be associated with stratospheric ozone variability that shows maximum in March. These results suggest that there are some sources of error in the tropospheric residual method associated with cloud height error, low efficiency of tropospheric ozone, and low accuracy in lower stratospheric ozone.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 건축 외장재로 많이 사용되고 있는 알루미늄복합패널의 일반재와 난연재에 대한 실제 화재에서의 화재성상을 분석하기 위하여 실대형 시험(ISO 13785-2)을 수행하였다. 시험결과, 일반재인 경우 최고 온도가 210초에 $1,021^{\circ}C$가 측정되었으며, 난연재는 약 1,200초에 $1,190^{\circ}C$가 측정되었다. 화재성상은 알루미늄복합패널 중 난연재의 경우 착화가 더디게 진행되었으며, 일반재의 알루미늄복합패널은 연소착화와 동시에 화재가 빠르게 확산되었다. 일반재와 난연재의 알루미늄복합패널은 연소착화하는데는 분명한 차이를 보였지만, 일단 착화된 이후에는 수직화염의 확산의 연소형태는 일반재나 난연재 모두 빠르게 수직확산되는 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 이에 본 연구결과, 알루미늄복합패널에 대한 화재위험성을 줄이기 위해서는 난연재 사용을 적극적으로 유도하도록 하며, 또한, 일단 착화 후에는 이를 진압할 외장재 전용 소화설비의 적용이 시급함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aim to investigate the relationship between NIHSS and distribution of pattern identification in stroke patients. Methods : 1471 participants from the patients hospitalized for stroke within 4 weeks from April 2007 to August 2009 were included. They were grouped according to the NIHSS score; group 1 for the participants whose NIHSS were less than six, group 2 for seven to fifteen, and group 3 for over than sixteen. And the patients were re-divided into two groups according to their post-onset interval. The difference of distribution of five pattern identification for each group were investigated. And five pattern identification were re-analyzed according to the deficiency-excess pattern identification. K-W test was used for statistical synthesis, and the result was regarded as significant one, if its p-value was below 0.05. Results : Dampness-phelegm pattern was the most frequent out of five patterns in total participants as well as all the subgroups. In group 3 with more serious neurological deficit, larger proportion of patients in early acute stage was diagnosed as excess pattern including Fire-Heat pattern. On the other side the proportion of Deficiency of Qi and Yin was larger in late convalescent stage of group 3 than in other groups. But nothing was statistically significant. Conclusions : Further study including patients with more variant classification with follow-up evaluation is needed to reflect the real characteristics of stroke population.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the correlation between Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression and Psychological tests by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Regression analysis.Methods: Two assessors carried out the evaluation using the instrument on pattern identification for depression. They also performed the following psychological tests: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI_Total), Self-disclosure Inventory, subjective well-being Inventory, Health perception Inventory, and Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). A total of 167 participants who got HAM-D score over 12 were targeted for the evaluation. Our research team carried out Pearson correlation coefficient analyses and regression analysis between pattern identification for depression and Psychological tests. We listed the results by descending order and interpreted the results.Results: Pearson correlation analysis revealed the following results: 1) Stagnation of Liver Gi was associated with BDI (0.60) and STAI (0.55); 2) Dual Deficiency of the Heart and Spleen was associated with BDI (0.60), ISI_Total (0.52), and STAI (0.42); 3) Relieving stagnation of Phlegm-Gi was associated with BDI (0.65), STAI (0.54), and Subjective well-being inventory (−0.52); 4) Gi-deficiency Mingled with sputum was associated with BDI (0.50), ISI_Total (0.40), and STAI (0.395); 5) Stagnant Gi transforming into fire was associated with BDI (0.56), STAI_TR (0.51), and Health perception Inventory (−0.458); 6) Yin-Deficiency with Effulgent Fire was associated with BDI (0.55), ISI_total (0.54), and STAI (0.41).Conclusions: Through correlation analysis between Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression and Psychological tests, we could suggest a System for Oriental Medical Diagnosis for Depression.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

이산화탄소 소화설비는 질식소화가 주된 소화작용이므로 제한된 시간 내에 소화약제를 방출하여 방호구역의 산소농도를 기준치 이하로 유지시키는 능력이 확보되어야 한다. 국내에서 이산화탄소 소화설비는 국민안전처 고시에 따라 인증된 설계프로그램을 사용하여 소화설비를 설계하고 있다. 그러나 소화설비가 설치된 방호구역의 기하학적 구조는 성능인증 단계의 모의실험장치와 차이가 있기 때문에 설계프로그램 적용 범위를 벗어난 소화설비 설계가 이루어질 수 있다. 특히, 저압식 이산화탄소 소화설비는 배관 내 유동현상에 따라 소화약제 방출량이 변하므로 소화설비 설치 후에 현장 방출시험을 통하여 성능을 확인할 필요가 있다. 현재까지 국내 외 기술기준에는 방출시험에 대한 방법론이 구체적으로 명시되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 국내외 기술기준을 비교 분석하고, 방출시험 사례분석을 통하여 현장 방출시험 방법론을 제시하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2005

We studied fire properties of MOF(Metering Out Fit) insulation cover and field condition of 22.9kV power receiving system. $49.5\%$ of formal equipments were installed indoors, whereas $40.8\%$ of informal equipments were installed as H-type. Insulation treatment was not done at a $22.4\%$ ratio of main line($27.7\%$ of transformer, $70.2\%$ of COS, $10.4\%$ of MOF). Fire pattern analysis showed that the fire started at the secondary part of OC wire. In the result of DTA(Differential Thermal Analysis), normal cover showed exothermic reactions at $310^{\circ}C,\;399^{\circ}C\;and\;510^{\circ}C$ (endothermic reactions at $382^{\circ}C$). Whereas damaged cover showed exothermic reactions at $412^{\circ}C$(endothermic reactions at $389^{\circ}C$). In the result of TGA(Thermo Gravimetric Analysis), the thermal weight change of normal cover was similar compared to damaged cover. In the result of FT-IR analysis, normal cover showed absorption peaks at $3,024cm^{-l},\;2,921cm^{-l},\;1,600cm^{-1},\;1,492cm^{-1},\;1,451cm^{-1},\;1,154cm^{-l},\;1,027cm^{-1},\;906cm^{-1}$. Whereas, in case of tracked cover, the absorption peaks that were shown in normal cover disappeared and different absorption peak was shown at $966cm^{-1}$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4475-4483
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 해당 실무자들이 본 소방공무원들의 주관성을 진단하고, 기능적인 측면에서 세부적인 유형적 효과요인들을 확인하여 향후 개선과 방향성을 알아보고자 한다. 이 논문에서는 소방공무원들, 즉 해당 실무자들의 주관적 성향을 살펴보기 위해서 Q방법론을 이용하였다. 분석된 결과, 총 4가지의 유형, 즉, 제 1유형[(N=26) : 직업형 (Occupational Type)], 제 2유형[(N=11) : 경험형(Experience Type)], 제 3유형[(N=1) : 인간형(Human Type)], 제 4유형 [(N=2) : 정의형(Justice Type)] 등으로 분류되었다. 또한 QUANL 프로그램을 실시해 본 결과, 전체변량의 약 50(0.4972)%를 보여줌으로써 높은 설명력을 보여주었다. 결과적으로, 앞으로 계량적인 실증적 연구와 소비자들의 의견을 종합한 비교와 대안책이 추가된다면, 소방공무원들의 주관성에 관한 보다 심도 있는 연구결과가 제시될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 또한, 이러한 연구의 한계를 보완하는 후속연구가 지속적으로 진행되어지기를 기대한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.5522-5536
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• 2017

In this paper, a video based smoke detection method using dynamic texture feature extraction with volume local binary patterns is studied. Block based method was used to distinguish smoke frames in high definition videos obtained by experiments firstly. Then we propose a method that directly extracts dynamic texture features based on irregular motion regions to reduce adverse impacts of block size and motion area ratio threshold. Several general volume local binary patterns were used to extract dynamic texture, including LBPTOP, VLBP, CLBPTOP and CVLBP, to study the effect of the number of sample points, frame interval and modes of the operator on smoke detection. Support vector machine was used as the classifier for dynamic texture features. The results show that dynamic texture is a reliable clue for video based smoke detection. It is generally conducive to reducing the false alarm rate by increasing the dimension of the feature vector. However, it does not always contribute to the improvement of the detection rate. Additionally, it is found that the feature computing time is not directly related to the vector dimension in our experiments, which is important for the realization of real-time detection.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.607-624
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• 2016

Rockburst is becoming more serious in Chinese coal mine. One of the effective methods to control rockburst is blasting. In the paper, we monitored and analyzed the blasting waves at different blast center distances by the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) in a coal mine. Results show that with the increase of blast center distance, the main frequency and amplitude of blasting waves show the decreasing trend. The attenuation of blasting waves is slower in the near blast field (10-75 m), compared with the far blast field (75-230 m). Besides, the frequency superposition phenomenon aggravates in the far field. A majority of the blasting waves energy at different blast center distances is concentrated around the IMF components 1-3. The instantaneous energy peak shows attenuation trend with the blast center distance increase, there are two obvious energy peaks in the near blast field (10-75 m), the energy spectrum appears "fat", and the total energy is greater. By contrast, there is only an energy peak in the far blast field, the energy spectrum is "thin", and the total energy is lesser. The HHT three dimensional spectrum shows that the wave energy accumulates in the time and frequency with the increasing of blast center distance.