• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2015

A fire sprinkler system is very important to extinguish fire in the building. The sprinkler system initiates sprinkler discharge if the detection system identifies a developing fire and opens the pre-action valve. However, pre-action fire sprinkler systems mainly installed in the underground parking lot at the apartment complex do not properly operate at fire if the connection type of fire sprinkler systems does not properly installed and operated. This study identified the relationship between fire dispersion & damage and the connection type of water supply in the sprinkler system from many fire cases at the apartment complex in South Korea. In addition, this study also identified the water supply differences and characteristics between South Korea and foreign countries. The main purpose of this study is also to improve the water connection types in the sprinkler system that can reduce the potential failures of pre-action valve operation through electrical signal system. The study also suggests the improvement plan for water connection types in pre-action fire sprinkler system that can minimize potential failure of pre-action fire sprinkler system. The suggestions for revising the fire safe standard in South Korea includes letting the water supply pipe of sprinkler system water inlet connect to the second side of pre-action valve and the water flow device that can minimize potential failure of sprinkler system.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

There are two kinds of design process for sprinkler system. one is pipe schedule system and the other is hydraulically designed system. We have inefficient results when we design by hydraulically designed system because the design process for sprinkler system is restricted by domestic fire code. Therefore, it is essential to do an introduction of hydraulically designed system which is based on engineering for enhancing reliability and efficiency of sprinkler system. This study presents points at issue by comparing and studying design standards of sprinkler system from Korea, Japan and NFPA, and presents improvement plans of national fire safety code of sprinkler system by processing, comparing and analyzing designs according to piping schedule and hydraulically designed system about domestic objects. Installation standards of sprinkler system have to be applied not by object buildings but by hazard classification. It is hard to design an efficient sprinkler system for fire control when water supply requirement of sprinkler systems allocated according to a size of a building because the same purpose but other buildings may request more water requirement or less. We should sublate the pipe schedule system from national fire safety code and need to introduce the hydraulically designed system. The pipe schedule system presents easy access because it is based on the forecasted engineering calculations but it is applied to only small buildings like NFPA due to its low reliability.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2006

제연설비와 스프링클러설비의 필요성을 확인하고 연기확산 가능성을 조사하기 위해 청정실 화재의 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 바닥면적 $39m{\times}13m$, 높이 4 m의 작업구역에 1MW의 메탄올 화재가 발생했을때, 제연설비와 스프링클러설비의 정상작동과 작동실패에 따른 연기누출 여부를 조사하였다. 제연설비가 정상적으로 작동하는 경우에는 스프링클러설비에 관계없이 연기가 안전하게 배출됨을 알 수 있었다. 화재확산과 연기발생을 억제하고 발생한 연기를 신속히 배출하기 위해 스프링클러설비가 필요하며, 스프링클러설비와 제연설비가 신속하게 작동할 수 있도록 신뢰도가 높은 스프링클러설비 헤드와 자동화재탐지설비가 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2019

랙크식 창고 내에는 화재하중이 높은 물품이 수직으로 조밀하게 적재되어 있어 창고의 내부에서 화재가 발생되는 경우 현재의 스프링클러설비에 의해 유효하게 소화되기 어렵다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실물 규모의 랙크 구조물을 구축하고, 구조물 내부의 스프링클러헤드 종류 및 배치에 따른 화재실험을 통해 스프링클러설비에 의한 소화유효성을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 랙크식 창고의 내부의 화재를 유효하게 진압하기 위해서는 방수량 115 LPM 이상의 스프링클러헤드를 사용해야 하며, 동 스프링클러헤드를 높이 기준이 아닌 랙크 각 단마다 설치해야하고, 각 단의 가연물더미의 대각선 모서리 위치에 설치될 필요가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.610-616
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• 1997

One of the notable changes in Korean Industry in 1990's was globalization. Many of Korea plants have been built In the foreign countries and many of foreign plants have been build in Korea. And it is believed that many foreign insurance companies will begin their business in Korea soon, as Korea will open their insurance market to them. While sprinkler system plays very important role in total fire protection system, Korean sprinkler system design has not been studied in depth. Thus, it is not easy to convince the performance of Korean sprinkler system and compare it to NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler System. Design guideline from both system will be listed and compared in detail. Fire water demand from both system will be reviewed to evaluate its adequacy. Water spray density and actuation time will be estimated, too.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2013

스프링클러설비의 화재안전기준 중 불합리한 것에 대하여 개정할 것을 제안을 하였다. 배관의 용어 중 "수평주행배관"의 용어정의를 추가하도록 하였으며 "격자형배관방식"에 대한 정의를 수정하도록 제안하였다. 스프링클러헤드의 소화수 방출압력을 규정한 조항을 합리적으로 운영하기 위하여 NFPA 13의 스케줄방식의 최소 유량과 압력기준을 확인하였고 이와 유사한 최소 요구량 기준을 제정할 것을 제안하였다. 압력수조의 평상 시 유지 압력 산출식을 바르게 개정할 것을 제시하였으며 압력단위의 변화에 의한 올바른 K값의 사용을 제시하였고 기존의 K값 등을 사용하기 위하여 압력단위를 [bar]를 사용할 것을 제안하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1571-1584
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• 2023

In this study, a numerical analysis was performed as part of an international joint research project to reproduce a real cable tray fire that occurred in the heater bay area of the turbine building of a nuclear power plant. A sensitivity analysis was performed on various input parameters to derive results consistent with the sprinkler activation time obtained from the fire event analysis. For all sensitive parameters, the normalized sprinkler activation time correlated well with the power function of the normalized sprinkler height. A correlation equation was developed to identify the sprinkler activation time at any location when determining the slope or fire growth rate under the conditions assuming a linear or t-squared heat release rate (HRR) time curve. Various cable fire growth assumptions were used to determine which assumption was better to provide the prediction coincident with the information given from the fire event analysis in terms of the sprinkler activation time and total energy generated from cables damaged by fire. In the comprehensive analysis of all the sensitive parameters, the standard deviation of the input parameters increased as the sprinkler height decreased. Within the range of the sensitivity parameter values given in this study, when considering all sprinkler heights, the standard deviation of the cable model change was the largest and that of the overhang position change was the smallest.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2023

A sprinkler is a fire suppression system that extinguishes combustible materials in the early stages of a fire, creating a spray. However, spray formation method of the sprinkler can result in an uneven distribution of water spray on the surface of combustible materials. It is necessary to ensure a consistent water flux density regardless of the spray direction and angle. In this study, the water flux distribution was analyzed for the various types of sprinkler head: circular, flush, pendent, and upright types. All sprinkler heads have a K-factor of 80 LPM/(0.1MPa)^0.5. In this study, water collection cubes were used to examine the water flux distribution. The upright type sprinkler head showed a low standard deviation in total sprayed area, indicating a high level of uniformity. The upright type head showed the lowest standard deviation in the radial direction, and also showed the lowest standard deviation in the azimuthal direction. Upright sprinkler head has no obstructing structure along the path of droplets after they are generated. For this reason, upright sprinkler head showed the most uniform water flux distribution on the floor.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 상수도 직결형 스프링클러 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 실물 주택을 대상으로 화재 실험을 수행하였다. 실물 주택의 크기는 $56m^2$이며 거실, 주방, 방으로 이루어져 있으며, 화재는 대두유가 과열되어 자연발화가 발생하여 일어나게 하였다. 상수도 직결형 스프링클러시스템의 성능을 확인하기 위하여 주방에 스프링클러시스템을 설치하였다. 실험결과 주방에서의 발화로 시작된 화재는 주방천장까지 확대 되었으나 스프링클러가 동작하면서 화재는 진압되었다. 스프링클러가 동작할 때의 상수도 압력은 0.28 MPa이었으며 이 결과로서 일반 주택의 상수도압력으로도 소화가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2018

The sprinkler system is a basic fire extinguishing system widely used, but there is a lack of quantitative assessment of its performance. In this study, to evaluate the fire extinguishing performance of the sprinkler head according to the discharge coefficients, experiments were conducted. Experimental sprinkler heads were selected with heads having K50, K80 and K115 water discharge coefficients, and the fire source was assumed to be an indoor fire in Class A Model 1. As experimental results, the time required for the fire chamber to cool down to $200^{\circ}C$ was 26 seconds for the K115 head, 414 seconds for the K80 head, and 481 seconds for the K50 head, so the cooling time of the K115 head was decreased by 94.5% compared to K50 head. In the case of restoring the oxygen concentration to 15%, the K115 head did not decrease below the oxygen concentration of 15%, and the K80 head took 145 seconds and the K50 head took 484 seconds. The lowest oxygen concentration in the fire chamber was 16.1% for the K115 head, 14.33% for the K80 head, and 11.28% for the K50 head, indicating that the K115 head was superior to the K80 and K50 heads by 13.1% and 43.7%, respectively. As the experimental results show, there is big difference in the extinguishing performance depending on the discharge coefficients of the sprinkler head. Therefore, in designing the sprinkler system, the discharge coefficients of the sprinkler head should be selected considering the heat release rate at the installation site and the fire extinguishing characteristics of sprinkler head.