• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-25
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• 1998

It was enacted 'Emergency Medical Act' in January, 1994 and while it was established the emergency medical department in college providing the agenda and curriculum about EMT but not detailed and the regulation relative to the application of a low on the emergency medical act in 1995. The purpose of this study was to provide basic development of information for the development of field practice discipline and to Improve for the appropriateness and the effectiveness of the field practice though comparison study of satisfaction levels on field practice of E.M.T college students by 5 practice fields. The subjects were EMT college students who had practiced from June first to July 11, 1998, at the fire department and 4 departments (emergency dept., delivery dept., operating dept., and intensive care unit.) in the hospital. The data were collected by Questionnaire from september 7 to 10, 1998. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, T-test, F-test using SAS program, The result were as follow; 1. Mean satisfaction level of 5 departments was to be low as 2.863 of a total score 5,0. 2. Comparing with other departments, emergency dept. and fire dept. were 3.198, 3.109 respectively revealed to be high (mean=2,863), 3. In field content and environment, emergency dept. is the most satisfactory place(3.480, 3,686) respectively, in practice teaching, fire dept was the most satisfactory place(3,567). 4, Satisfaction level according to the 4 variables (religion vs fire dept. practice, motivation vs intensive care unit practice, place of emergency dept. field vs emergency dept. practice, practice problem vs emergency dept. practice) revealed significant differences. There were a lot of problems that we have to improve and correct the field practice curriculum. Though this study, we could guess what the practical matters were.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.122-130
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• 2018

Recent urbanization, population densification, and the impact of global climate change are causing disasters to become larger and more complex. Meanwhile, in Korea, there is an emphasis on preventing, restoring, and recovering from disasters. However, disaster medical care, which is absolutely necessary to maintain life in a disaster, is being ignored. Therefore, in this study, we selected Seoul as the study area where flood damage is frequent and underground housing is densely populated. Assuming underground housing in the immersion history area as the emergency patient site, transfer distance and transfer time were analyzed. This study considered both accessibility to emergency medical facilities and disaster sites and accessibility from emergency services to disaster sites. Therefore, it seems to be meaningful as basic data for the improvement of emergency medical services.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2008

Purpose : This study is a descriptive research to provide basic factors of posttraumatic stress in Firefighters. This study was carried out to develop the effective program for the fire fighters to cope with the posttraumatic stress following the disasters. Methods : The questionnaires were collected among fire fighters who serviced in K and I community from April 1 to June 30 in 2008. Total 304 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS WIN program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test. Results : 1. 48.0% of 300 fire fighters were at the age of 31-40, and 42.3% were under 30. 2. Work burden had a significant difference of 2.30 in low-risk group, 2.60 in high-risk group(t-value=-3.85, p=0.00). However, life event had no significant difference 0.79 event in low-risk group, 1.41 event in high-risk group(t-value=-2.27, p=0.24). 3. Concerning posttraumatic stress factors, there was positive correlation between mobilization impact level r=0.38(P<0.01), work burden r=0.38(p<0.01), and life event r=0.27(p<0.01). 4. According to the Symptom Check List-Revised(SCL-90-R), somatization had a significant differences(t-value=5.46, p=0.00), obsessive-compulsive(t-value=7.16, p=0.00), interpersonal sensitivity(t-value=6.15, p=0.00), depression(t-value=6.62, p=0.00), anxiety (t-value=7.33, p=0.00), hostility(t-value=5.94, p=0.00), phobia anxiety(t-value=6.85, p=0.00), paranoid ideation(t-value=5.55, p=0.00), psychotism(t-value=6.52, p=0.00) in low-risk and high-risk group. Conclusion : As a consequence, mobilization impact, work burden, and life event were the influential factors on posttraumatic stress. Also, high-risk group revealed significantly higher score on all 9 scales. The information obtained from surveys made recommendation to develop the intervention of stress management to control mobilization impact and posttraumatic stress.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2014

Structural stability of structural beams at high temperature had been evaluated though a horizontal furnace and a standard fire curve. If a structural method and a material are satisfied with the fire test, those are seemed to be guaranteed the safety of residences, fire services men, and properties of the buildings. However, that requires not only longer period but higher cost for making and testing of each structural element. That restrained from developing new methods and new fire protective materials. In this study, an analytic method was executed to demonstrate whether the analytic method using mechanical properties of structural steel at high temperature with heat transfer theory works is working. In this paper, the surface temperature rising and variance of structural stability of a simple H-section beam with a standard fire curve were evaluated and structural stabilities of H-section beam according to differences from length of beam were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

Diverse and complex facilities have been on the increase in urban areas in accordance with rapid urbanization. Along the lines of the increase in facilities, the risk of fire has increased. In particular, fire accidents as well as traffic accidents accounted for the highest rate in artificial disasters. Therefore, the National Fire Information Systems managed by the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) appeared for the effective fire management. The NEMA has provided the public with the Internet services regarding information about fire outbreak since 2007. This study acquired data from both NEMA and the Jinju City Fire Department. It constructed the fire data of Jinju City and calculated the change in spatial density targeting fire, occurred in Jinju city with a view to examining the fire risk of facilities by conducting a time series analysis on the trends of fire outbreak over a span of periods between 2007 and 2013. It also conducted an analysis of Moran's I, Getis-Ord Gi. Therefore, it came to select higher hot spots in terms of fire location and fire density. In addition, it attempted to calculate the levels of fire hazard by drawing up the matrix of personal injury and property damage, depending on facilities to present the methods, which can predict the risk of fire occurrence in urban areas.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-84
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to present the basic data for qualitative improvement of emergency care for emergency patient by paramedic in fire station by understanding the level of awareness and practice in prehospital and transfer step, and understanding the level of emergency care and improvement of clinical knowledge through hospital clinical training. Methods: The researchers explained the objective for 143 persons who completed hospital clinical training from June 2nd, 2006 to October 23rd, 2009 among paramedic in fire station. The questionnaire in this research consisted of 80 questions. In the reliability for the awareness of emergency patient assessment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.95, and in the reliability for emergency care fulfillment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.93. reliability for clinical knowledge improvement is cronbach's $\alpha=.95$, and reliability for emergency care fulfillment is cronbach's $\alpha=.82$. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS 18.0 statistics program for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Paired t-test, t-test, Correlation Coefficient, and internal consistency reliability was analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$. Results: 1) The paramedic awareness and practice difference for emergency patient is statistically signification for general patient assessment(t=14.159, p=.000), trauma patient assessment(t=11.288, p=.000), internal medicine patient assessment(t=10.898, p=.000), and it shows the level of practice is lower than the level of awareness. 2) The paramedic difference between the level of awareness and practice according to whether or not they have clinical career is not signification on awareness(t=3.119, p=.125), and is high on practice(t=3.119, p=.002). 3) The correlation between paramedic awareness and the level of practice shows positive correlation(r=.61, p=.000). The higher the awareness of emergency patient assessment is, the higher the level of practice is. 4) The difference between paramedic clinical knowledge improvement and the level of emergency care practice is statistically significant(t=3.351, p=.001). 5) 89.6%(128 persons) of paramedic replied hospital clinical training experiences are helpful for field activity. 92.3%(133 persons) replied they apply well for clinical knowledge learned during hospital clinical training and emergency care skills in the field. Conclusion: Paramedic in fire station must evaluate the patient's initial assessment and activate the transfer system to the emergency department. It is necessary to develop and implement the effective education program continuously. The education program should systemize currently operated hospital clinical training. emergency disease and symptoms emergency care method, and practice mainly skill education should be progressed. In the prehospital and transfer management, high quality of medical assessment is required to the emergency medical service system. Medical direction from the doctors can feedback the paramedic continuously and continuing education must be provided to the paramedic in fire station.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.62
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• pp.31-43
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• 2006

In Korea, the Emergency Medical Service, EMS is provided by Fire Services with 119 EMS and all the public uses the service for free. Although it appears very successful and is respected nationally, structural problem EMS exist and are worsening. First of all, the "free riding effect" becomes increasingly problematic. Some argue that 30% of the demands is not urgent or emergent. The total number of demands is increasing even without the free riding effect. The Current EMS system itself cannot meet the increasing EMS demand. The medical aspect is so poor that the EMS cannot dispatch a medical specialist to the scene. The cardiac arrest resuscitation rate is only $1.24{\sim}9.9%$, compared to 40% in Boston, MA, USA. But due to the regulations and limitations of the Fire Service organization, it is difficult to secure enough EMS resources. To work out these problems, it needs a structural innovation. To secure enough resources and achieve higher medical performance we should invite the medical sector and the private sector into EMS arena by contracting partnerships with Fire Services and charging a reasonable EMS fee. We found through statistical test that any partnership system is more effective than fire-alone system and most countries around the world have partnership system rather than fire-alone system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2009

The fire organization of civil servant is a specified public official job which traditionally is characterized by conservative attributes, highly emphasized with a hierarchical culture and the order from higher position. Such a special condition of the fire organization is seemingly regarded as a prerequisite of the occurrence especially prevalent of the systematic discord rather than the other system of a civil servant such as a common administrative job. The conflict among fire officials which is caused by the variety of effort that has been input in pursuit of making a desirable structure does not in progress or even though it dose, weakened by a counterbalance. Therefore, the goal of this research is inducing a plan to revitalize the fire organization through the corroborative analysis of the conflict between indoor duty and outdoor service ones. That is the reason of the disagreement, the device of getting rid of discord and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.2 no.1 s.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2002

Disasters are the phenomena that we have to prevent the occurrence in order to keep the safety to human lives and properties, and if occurred, we have to minimize the economic, social, and mental costs of the occurred disasters or incidents. This research analyzes the optimal location of fire stations in terms of served population maximization in Seoul. This research introduces "the maximal covering location problem(MCLP)," one of the optimization techniques, as the primary research method. This research also applies a geographic information system into spatial distribution analyses of existing fire stations and observed fire incidents. Results from the analyses show that the existing location of fire stations and branches need to be improved. The dispatch location of fire engines should be reconsidered for rapid services of fire fighting.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2005

In order to evaluate the performance of fire-protection foams used to protect structures from heat and fire damages, the thermal characteristics of them are experimentally investigated. This research focuses on the destruction of a fire-fighting foam subjected to heat radiation. A simple repeatable test apparatus for fire-protection foams subjected to fire radiation is developed. It involves a foam generation equipment, a fire source for heat generation, repeatable test procedures, and data acquisition techniques. Results of the experimental procedure indicated that each thermocouple within the foam responded in a similar manner and gradually to a temperature of 115℃～20℃. At this point, each trace generally rises to a temperature of approximately 90℃. The temperature gradient in the foam as time passes increases with increasing the foam expansion ratio. In addition, it is found that the temperature gradient along the foam for depth decreases with increasing the foam expansion ratio.