• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to propose a domestic occupational exposure limit(OEL) following a health hazard assessment, calculation of a non-carcinogenicity reference concentration worker($RfC_{worker}$) value, and examination of international agencies' exposure limits. It also recommends legal management within the Occupational Safety and Health Act for HCFC-123, which caused an acute hepatotoxicity incident. Methods: An acute hepatotoxicity incident due to the fire extinguishing agent HCFC-123 was investigated. Toxicological hazard and health hazard classifications were examined and a non-carcinogenicity $RfC_{worker}$ value was calculated for HCFC-123. An OEL and the necessity of legal management were recommended as well. Results and Conclusions: An OEL for HCFC-123 of 10 ppm($62.5mg/m^3$), which considered the $RfC_{worker}$ value, 5.56 ppm, produced in dose-response assessment and the exposure level of 19.1-20.9 ppm measured as an eight-hour TWA(time-weighted average) in the incident place, is recommended. HCFC-123 is urged to be included as a chemical requiring legal management in the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations. In addition, it is recommended that a peak exposure of ACGIH be adopted in the Notice of the Ministry of Employment and Labor.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2267-2273
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• 2009

In this paper, in order to monitor and manage an electrical risk factor like as leakage current, load current, and arc-fault, a real time monitoring and management system being operated in the ubiquitous environment was developed, and a plan of construction of an electrical safety grid using the system was proposed. For confirmation of usefulness and reliability of the proposed safety system and grid, the developed intelligent panels were applied to 28 Korean traditional houses in Jeonjoo city, and the grid including the panels was operated. If the proposed National Electrical Safety Grid is completely constructed in the houses of general electrical users, the Grid will have an effect on that a main manager on electrical safety transfers from management system by general people to real-time management system by expert. As a result, the electrical fires caused by an over-load, an arc-fault, and an earth-fault will be prevented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.10-17
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• 2021

The controversy over the risk of the human body being affected by electromagnetic fields emitted from 60 Hz power lines continues without end. There are currently no new studies or research progress being made in this direction that is notable, and the number of civil complaints is gradually increasing. The problem is that each study produces different results, among which the effect of exposure to magnetic fields on childhood leukemia is a major one. In Korea, an electrician who was maintaining a 22.9 kV power line died of leukemia, which has recently been recognized as an occupational disease. Methods to reduce magnetic fields from power lines include shielding with wire loops, incorporating split phases and compaction techniques, installing underground power lines, converting to high-voltage direct current (HVDC), and increasing the ground clearance of transmission towers. Depending on whether a separate power supply is needed or not, there are two types of wire loops: passive loop and active loop. Magnetic field reduction is currently done through underground power lines; however, the disadvantage of this process is high construction costs. Installing passive loops, with relatively low construction costs, leads to lower magnetic field reduction rates than installing underground cables and a weakness to not solving the landscape problem. This methodological study aims at designing methods and reducing the effects of 2-wire set loops-the simplest and most practical. Since the method proposed in this study has been designed after analyzing the distribution of complex electromagnetic fields near the expected loop installation location, a practical design can be implemented without the need for any difficult optimization programming.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.40-45
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• 2019

Flash point is the important flammability indicator characterizing the risk of fire and explosion of flammable liquid mixture. In this study, flash points of water+formic acid and water+acrylic acid were measured by Seta flash apparatus. The flash points estimated by the methods based on empirical equation and Raoult's law were compared with experimental flash points. Absolute average errors of the results estimated by Raoult's law are $10.7^{\circ}C$ and $4.8^{\circ}C$ for water+formic acid and water+acrylic acid, respectively. Absolute average errors of the results estimated by empirical equation are $1.0^{\circ}C$ and $0.5^{\circ}C$ for water+formic acid and water+acrylic acid, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated values by empirical equation simulated the measured values better than those calculated by Raoult's law.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.123-134
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• 2018

Recently, due to the rising incidence of disasters in the nation, there has been a growing interest in the relevance and role of science and technology in solving disaster and safety related issues. In addition, the necessities of securing the human rights of all citizens in disaster risk reduction, identifying fields of technology development for effective disaster response, and improving the efficiency of R&D investment for disaster and safety are becoming more important as the different types of disasters and stages of disaster and safety management process have been considered. In this study, we analyzed bipartite or two-mode networks constructed from an expert survey dataset of technology development for disaster and safety management. The results reveal that earthquake and fire are the two disasters affecting an individual and society at large and demonstrate that AI and big data analytics are effective supports in managing disaster and safety. We believe that such a network analytic approach can be used to explore some important implications exist for the national science and technology effort and successful disaster and safety management practices in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2019

To develop a plant safety training system using virtual reality technology, we constructed a training system for a large scale plant. Compared with safety training for small plants or unit equipment, many system configurations such as virtual plant model, in-process data processing, work instruction, etc. are required and integrated system works have been carried out. The target plant, RDS process, is a high-risk process(high-temperature, high-pressure) that takes into account the training scenarios that can be taken in the event of a leaking fire in the range and refer to the actual shutdown procedure. The proposed safety training integration system can be used in similar situations that can occur in the RDS process and can be a platform for safety training using virtual reality in a large plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.807-808
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• 2016

With the recent rise in nuclear families and single-member families, there is a need for the kind of home management unaffected by neither space nor time. Moreover, electronic devices in and around the home need to be managed efficiently and prevented from overheating, and there is an increasing risk of fire, theft, and leak of personal data with these devices, which is leading to an increase in the economic costs. Accordingly, there is a growing need for an efficient and secure smart home management system. This paper proposes a home management system that uses smart devices. This system has addressed the shortcomings of a conventional Internet-based home network. Furthermore, it communicates with IoT-enabled devices and features intelligent information home appliances that are isolated from personally identifiable information and which are secure against advanced persistent threats, a type of cyber-attack.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

Compound disaster is the type that increases the impact affected by two or more hazard events, and attention to compound disaster and multi-hazards risk is growing due to potential damages which are difficult to predict. The objective of this study is to analyze the possible impacts of post-fire landslide scenario quantitatively by using TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis), a physics-based landslide model. In the case of wildfire, soil organic material and density are altered, and saturated hydraulic conductivity decrease because of soil exposed to high temperature. We have included the change of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity into the TRIGRS model through literature review. For a case study, we selected the area of $8km^2$ in Pyeongchang County. The landslide modeling process was calibrated before simulate the post-wildfire impact based on landslide inventory data to reduce uncertainty. As a result, the mean of the total factor of safety values in the case of landslide was 2.641 when rainfall duration is 1 hour with rainfall intensity of 100mm per day, while the mean value for the case of post-wildfire landslide was lower to 2.579, showing potential landslide occurrence areas appear more quickly in the compound disaster scenario. This study can be used to prevent potential losses caused by the compound disaster such as post-wildfire debris flow or landslides.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.19-38
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emergency medical service accessibility in different regions and the sudden death rate in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease using data analysis techniques and suggest improvements in regional emergency medical services. Methods: The study collected data from the NEDIS database and Statistics Korea. Data on a total of 75,867 patients aged ≥65 years were reviewed among patients with ischemic heart disease who visited emergency medical institutions in 2018. Frequency analysis, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis, and simple logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS PC Window 25.0. Results: With an emergency medical resource per 100km², there was a concomitant reduction in the risk of death. There was a decrease in the death rate by 0.967, 0.970, 0.997, and 0.391 times with the increase in the presence of a fire department, an ambulance, a paramedic, and a regional medical center, respectively. Furthermore, a decrement in the death rate was witnessed 0.844, 0.825, and 0.975 times with the initiation of a local emergency medical center, a local emergency medical institution, and an angiography device, respectively(p <.001). Conclusion: To improve the accessibility of emergency medical services, the population and geometric area of the region should be considered essential factors when deploying emergency medical resources.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.153-164
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• 2019

The presence of thermal bridges in a building envelope cause additional heat loss which increases the heating energy. Given that a higher building insulation performance is required in these cases, the heat loss via thermal bridges is a high proportion of the total heat energy consumption of a building. For the dry exterior insulation system that uses mullions and transoms to fix insulation and exterior materials such as stone and metal sheet, the occurrence of thermal bridges at mullions and transoms is one of the main reasons for heat loss. In this study, a dry exterior insulation system using the truss insulation frame (TIF) was proposed as an alternative to metal mullions. To evaluate the building envelope performance, structural, air-leakage, water-leakage, fire-resistance, thermal, and condensation risk tests were conducted. In addition, the annual energy consumption associated with heating and cooling was calculated, including the linear thermal transmittance of the thermal bridges. As a result, the dry exterior insulation system using TIF achieved the allowable value for all tests. It was also determined that the annual heating load of a building was reduced by 36.7 % when the TIF dry exterior insulation system was used, relative to the dry exterior insulation system using steel pipes without additional insulations.